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	Offa Of Mercia - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is customary to ascribe to Offa a policy of limited scope, namely the establishment of Mercia in a position equal to that of Wessex and of Northumbria.
		At all events we hear of no kings of the Hwicce after about 780, and the kings of Sussex seem to have given up the royal title about the same time.
		To Offa is ascribed by Asser, in his life of Alfred, the great fortifications against the Welsh which is still known as "Offa's dike." It stretched from sea to sea and consisted of a wall and a rampart.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Offa_Of_Mercia (489 words)

	Mercia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mercia, sometimes spelled Mierce, was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy, in what is now England, in the region of the Midlands, with its heart in the valley of the River Trent and its tributary streams.
		The name Mercia is Old English for "boundary folk" (see marches), and the traditional interpretation was that the kingdom originated along the frontier between the Welsh and the Anglo-Saxon invaders, although P.
		The next two kings, Aethelred and Cenred son of Wulfhere, are better known for their religious activities; the king who succeeded them (in 709), Ceolred, is said in a letter of Saint Boniface to have been a dissolute youth who died insane.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mercia (1228 words)

	EBK: Penda, King of Mercia
		Mercia was peaceful for the next seven years, but, in AD 642, the storm clouds gathered once more.
		Meantime, King Oswiu of Northumbria was having a hard time establishing his authority throughout Northumbria and, with an aggressive Mercia on his southern border, he tried to placate Penda by establishing a marriage alliance between his eldest son, Alcfrith, and the King of Mercia's daughter, Cuneburga.
		Edburga of Bicester; and Wilburga, wife of King Frithuwold of Surrey.
	www.earlybritishkingdoms.com /adversaries/bios/penda.html (977 words)

	Offa of Mercia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prior to the rise of Wessex in the 9th century, he was arguably the most powerful and successful of the Old English kings, effectively ruling the whole of England south of the River Humber during the latter part of his reign.
		It may be surmised from such evidence that the kings Heahberht (mentioned in a charter of 764) Egbert (mentioned in a charter of 765) were merely client kings subject to Mercian authority.
		In Anglo-Saxon England, Stenton argued that Offa was perhaps the greatest king of the English kingdoms, but that the proof of his abilities was obscured by the lack of a historian (such as Bede a half-century earlier, or Asser a century later) to describe his achievements.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Offa_of_Mercia (1398 words)

	Wikinfo \| Mercia
		Mercia was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy, in what is now England, in the region of the Midlands.
		The name Mercia is Old English for "boundary folk", and the traditional interpretation was that the kingdom originated along the frontier between the Welsh and the Anglo-Saxon invaders, although P.
		While the earliest known king of Mercia was named Cearl, and is only known because he gave his daughter in marriage to Edwin, king of Deira, the first Mercian king we know more about than his name is Penda, who ruled c.632 - 654.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Mercia (808 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 4: Clandestinity-Diocesan Chancery \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		The privilege of King Wihtred assuring the liberty of the Church was solemnly confirmed.
		In 798 King Kenulph of Mercia addressed to the pope a long letter, written as he says "with great affection and humility", representing the disadvantages of the new archbishopric which had been erected at Lichfield some sixteen years previously by Pope Adrian, at the prayer of King Offa.
		King Kenulph in this letter (Haddan and Stubbs, III, 521) submits the whole case to the pope, asking his blessing and saying: "I love you as one who is my father, and I embrace you with the whole strength of my obedience", and promising to abide in all things by his decision.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/herbermann/cathen04.html?term=Councils%20of%20Clovesho (1437 words)

	Penda King of Mercia
		642~Oswald of Northumbria is slain by Penda of Mercia at Maserfield/ Maes Cocboy/ Bellum Cocboy (Oswestry) and was buried at Bardney.
		Oswine, son of Osric, becomes king of the Deirians and reigned 7years, he came to the throne with the permission of Penda.
		When independence was reasserted later, Christian kings came to the throne, so the Death of Penda in 655 marked the end of the last pagan kingdom.
	www.vanl.freeserve.co.uk /penda.html (591 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Anglo-Saxon kings > Offa
		Offa, King of Mercia seized the throne after a civil war, and established supremacy over many lesser kings.
		He consolidated his position by marrying his daughters to the kings of Wessex and Northumbria, and was the first ruler to be called 'king of the English'.
		The Mercians' defeat at the hands of Egbert of Wessex at the battle of Ellendun in 825 meant that supremacy passed to Wessex.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page265.asp (208 words)

	Mercia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mercia's exact evolution from the (A native or inhabitant of England prior to the Norman conquest) Anglo-Saxon invasions is more obscure than that of Northumbria, (A county in southeastern England on the English Channel; the first to be colonized by the Romans) Kent, or even Wessex.
		The earliest known king of Mercia was named (Click link for more info and facts about Creoda) Creoda, said to have been the great-grandson of (Click link for more info and facts about Icel) Icel.
		The next Mercian king was (Click link for more info and facts about Penda) Penda, who ruled from about (Click link for more info and facts about 626) 626 or (Click link for more info and facts about 633) 633 until (Click link for more info and facts about 655) 655.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/me/mercia.htm (1084 words)

	Mercia
		Mercia's influence probably reached its zenith during the reign of Offa in the latter half of the 8th century.
		king Hemeid (Hyfaidd), with all the inhabitants of the region of Demetia (Dyfed), compelled by the violence of the six sons of Rotri (Rhodri Mawr), had submitted to the dominion of the King.
		In 903, the East Anglian Danes ransacked Mercia and northern Wessex, incited by the rebel Æthelwold, cousin of Edward (Alfred's son and successor).
	www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk /mercia.htm (12476 words)

	EGBERT KING OF ENGLAND (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Known as the first King of All England, he was forced into exile at the court of Charlemagne, by the powerful Offa, King of Mercia.
		In 800 at the decease of King Brithric, Egbert was called by the voice of his countrymen to assume the Government of Wessex, and he subsequently succeeded in reducing all the Kingdoms of the Heptarchy under his sway.
		William, Duke of Normandy, was a cousin of King Edward laid claim to the throne and crossed the Channel with an army or Normans, Bretons, Flemish and assorted mercenary warriors and the approval of the Pope.
	www.bdhhfamily.com /egbert_king_of_england.htm (1890 words)

	English Historical Documents
		The reign of Æthelbald, king of the Mercians (716-57)
		The reign of Offa, king of the Mercians (757-96)
		The reign of Cenwulf, king of the Mercians (796-821)
	www.trin.cam.ac.uk /sdk13/sdkmisc/ehdlist.html (3234 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg72 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Edward the ELDER King of England was born 869 and died 17 Jul 924.
		Burgred King of Mercia [Parents] died in Exiled to Rome where he died and was buried in Church of St. Mary Rome.
		Ethelwerd King of England died 1 Aug 924 in Oxford, England and was buried in Winchester Cathedral, London, England.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg72.htm (431 words)

	Mercia
		Mercia, one of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, consisting generally of the region of the Midlands.
		After his death Mercia suffered a three-year loss of ascendancy during which it was converted to Christianity by a Northumbrian mission.
		In 874, Mercia weakly succumbed to the invading Danish army, and ultimately the eastern part became (886) a portion of the
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0832749.html (197 words)

	Penda — FactMonster.com
		A great fighting king, he was the central figure in the history of Anglo-Saxon England for nearly a generation thereafter.
		757, king of Mercia (716–57), grandson of a brother of...
		Mercia - Mercia Mercia, one of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, consisting generally of the region of...
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0838135 (183 words)

	Franks Casket - Appendices - England's North-East
		Edwin, who accepted Christianity in 627, soon grew to become the most powerful king in England: he was recognized as Bretwalda and conquered Rheged, the Isle of Man and Gwynedd in northern Wales.
		He was, however, himself defeated by an alliance of the exiled king of Gwynedd, Cadwallon ap Cadfan and Penda, king of Mercia, at the Battle of Hatfield Chase in 633.
		King Oswald re-introduced Christianity to the Kingdom, but this time, by appointing St Aidan, an Irish monk from the Scottish island of Iona to convert his people.
	www.franks-casket.de /english/appendix03.html (867 words)

	Angle Saxon England (Offa's Dyke-The Paper) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		King Offa was the King of Mercia from 757 CE until 796 CE when he died.
		Offa restored Mercia as the supreme power in England through the suppression of rival kingdoms that were resistant to his rule.
		The power of King Offa is also suggested through his economic developments, such as the minting of his coins.
	www.gettysburg.edu /academics/english/britain/anglo-saxon/offas_dyke/offa-paper.html (685 words)

	Offa — FactMonster.com
		He restricted Cynewulf, king of Wessex, to the area S of the Thames and in 794 had Ethelbert, king of the East Angles, beheaded and thereafter ruled his kingdom.
		He introduced a new coinage in the form of the silver penny, which for centuries was to be the basis of the English currency.
		and other Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry was not the king of Mercia, but a king of the Angles on the Continent, probably at the end of the 4th cent.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0836401.html (295 words)

	Mercia
		The term survives today in the name of the West Mercia Constabulary.
		Cearl, a kinsman of Creoda, followed Pybba in 606; in 615, Cearl gave his daughter Cwenburga in marriage to Edwin, king of Deira whom he had sheltered while he was a exiled prince.
		Offa exerted himself to ensure that his son Ecgfrith would succeed him, but after his death on July 26, 796, Ecgfrith survived for only five more months, and the kingdom passed to a distant relative named Coenwulf in December 796.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/me/mercia.html (962 words)

	The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle - CHAPTER IV
		Ethelred, king of the Northumbrians, was slain by his own people, on the thirteenth day before the calends of May; in consequence of which, Bishops Ceolwulf and Eadbald retired from the land.
		King Ethered therefore fought with the troops of the kings, and there was King Bagsac slain; and Alfred his brother fought with the troops of the earls, and there were slain Earl Sidrac the elder, Earl Sidrac the younger, Earl Osbern, Earl Frene, and Earl Harold.
		The king afterwards made peace with them; and they gave him as hostages those who were worthiest in the army; and swore with oaths on the holy bracelet, which they would not before to any nation, that they would readily go out of his kingdom.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/english/TheAnglo-SaxonChronicle/chap5.html (4328 words)

	Anglo-Saxons.net : Ceolwulf II (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He was probably the leader of the "English" force that killed Rhodri Mawr, king of Gwynedd, in 878, as reported in Welsh and Irish annals.
		By 883, Æthelred was ealdorman in charge of Mercia under Alfred, who was becoming king of the Anglo-Saxons and not just the West Saxons: the independent kingdom of the Mercians was no more.
		The fact that after the Viking settlement of 877 Ceolwulf still held some part of Mercia may suggest that Ceolwulf was a shrewder negotiator than the composer of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle chose to remember.
	www.anglo-saxons.net /hwaet?do=get&type=person&id=CeolwulfIIofMercia (415 words)

	Search Results for Mercia - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The decline of Mercia and the rise of Wessex
		Cuthred was apparently a dependent of Aethelbald, king of Mercia, and...
		king of the West Saxons, or Wessex (611–643), in England and the first to be converted to Christianity.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Mercia&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (317 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Offa, King of Mercia
		After a successful campaign against the Hestingi, he defeated the men of Kent at Otford (775); the West Saxons at Bensington in Oxfordshire (779); and finally the Welsh, depriving the last-named of a large part of Powys, including the town of Pengwern.
		His next step was to complete the independence of Mercia by inducing the pope to erect a Mercian archbishopric, so as to free Mercia from the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
		character is the execution of Æthelbert, King of the East Angles.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11215c.htm (497 words)

	Did King Offa Become a Muslim?
		He was one of the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kings and controlled the territory south of the River Humber, taking in most of England.
		King Offa behaved in several ways that was entirely inconsistent with being a Muslim.
		Kings were set apart through the ritual of anointing, which was performed by a prophet who acted in God's power and authority
	www.answering-islam.org /Hoaxes/offa.html (3493 words)

	Darkfall Online :: World Lore :: Timeline of Agon Part 2
		With the last High King dead, the final vestiges of Imric resistance fade, and the kingdom of Mercia now controls the old Chaldean heartland.
		Both sides enjoy periods of success, but the end result is a stalemate, with Mercia split in two parts, one controlled by the church leadership at Dalriada, the other by the king at Sanguine.
		Led by Yrrak the Vile, a king of legendary strength and initiative, the orks of Morak invade Mercia.
	www.darkfallonline.com /world_lore/timeline_2.html (1929 words)

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