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Topic: Kings of Sparta

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Kings of Sparta

464 BC

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	The story of Agyrion in the Sicily Island - www.agyrion.it
		Facing a revolution, Sparta turned to Athens for help with the siege of the Ithome stronghold, and they sent a force led by Cimon, who said that Greece should not be allowed to be lamed, depriving Athens of her yoke fellow; but the Spartans became suspicious and soon asked the Athenians to leave.
		In 421 BC the recalled Spartan king Pleistoanax and the Athenian general Nicias agreed on a peace for fifty years; both sides agreed to restore several cities that had been taken in the war, and all the captives were to be released.
		King Agesilaus, who had once tried to conquer Persia and was much admired and praised by Xenophon in one of the first biographies ever, finally died in Africa at the age of 84 about 360 BC.
	www.agyrion.it /uk.htm (0 words)

	Sparta
		Sparta (also known as Lacedaemeon) is situated on the southern Pelloponesus, and was originally founded during the Dorian invasions.
		Sparta was one such a city, where strict dominion was held over the city, and its occupants.
		The city of Sparta was originally founded during and after the Messenean War, in which the Dorian Spartans crossed the Taygetus mountains and took the territory of the Messenia.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/aegean/thecities/sparta.html (530 words)

	Sparta, Greek Mythology Link - www.maicar.com
		The first Laconian king was Lelex 2, a "son of the soil" [see AUTOCHTHONOUS] or, as others say, a son of Poseidon and Libya, that is a descendant of Io, since Libya is daughter of Epaphus 1, king of Egypt and son of Zeus and Io.
		Menelaus and Helen reigned as king and queen of Sparta when the Trojan Paris came for a visit, and violating all rules of hospitality, abducted his host's wife and took her to Troy.
		Orestes 2 also succeeded to the throne of Sparta, for the Lacedaemonians considered his claim to the throne prior to that of Nicostratus and Megapenthes 1, these being sons of Menelaus by one or perhaps two slave women, whereas Orestes 2 was the son of one of the daughters of King Tyndareus.
	homepage.mac.com /cparada/GML/Sparta.html (1501 words)

	Sparta
		Sparta prided itself not on art, learning, or splendid buildings, but on its valiant men who served their city in the place of walls of bricks.
		Among Sparta's most heroic achievements was the stand taken by its fighting men at the battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC, during the Persian Wars.
		Sparta's prowess naturally brought rivalry with Athens, the leader of the northern states and for a time of all Greece.
	library.thinkquest.org /17709/cities/sparta.htm (1072 words)

	History of Ancient Sparta
		Sparta in the 8th and 7th century BC was open to foreigners.
		King Pausanias who was waiting good omens from sacrifices held his troops from the attacks of the Persian cavalry, near Erythrae, where the ground is ragged and uneven, but even this did not prevent the commander Masistios to attack the Greeks.
		In Arcadia, an ally of Thebes, king Agesilaos of Sparta was ravaging its territories.
	www.sikyon.com /Sparta/history_eg.html (10532 words)

	Sparta Pages:
		Sparta was unique in maintaining a dyarchy — two kings holding office simultaneously.
		The list of kings believed to be historical and not purely legendary begins with the grandsons of Aristodemus, Agis and Eurypon, who gave their names to their respective dynasties.
		The dates for Sparta's early kings are especially hypothetical, and the succession cannot have always been from father to son.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~sparta/topics/articles/academic/kings.htm (887 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Pyrrhus by Jacob Abbott (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sparta was one of the principal cities of the Peloponnesus, and the capital of a very powerful and warlike kingdom.
		He was at once made protector of the person of the child and regent of the realm during the young king's minority; and all the people of the city, applauding the noble deed which he had performed, began to entertain toward him feelings of the highest respect and veneration.
		He accordingly made arrangements for placing the young king under protectors who could not be suspected of collusion with him for any guilty purpose, and also organized an administration to govern the country until the king should be of age.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=abbott&book=pyrrhus&story=sparta (3492 words)

	5-sparta
		Sparta had the advantage in being unified (see below); many Messenian states aided Sparta in order to gain temporary advantage over their neighbors (caution: evidence slight for this point).
		the kings and gerousia given the power to 'set aside' crooked decisions of the assembly; if this was ever done is not clear.
		That is inclusion (symbolized bytwo kings) strengthened the Sparta state in competition against other state that were not so inclusive.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~klio/gr/05-sparta.htm (1407 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sparta
		Sparta, and likewise to other kingdoms and cities a circular in favour of the Jews (1 Maccabees 15:23); this would seem to
		Sparta was reduced to the rank of a simple bishopric; it remains the same today, but the see is called Monembasia and
		Sparta and exercises his jurisdiction over all the district of this name.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14209b.htm (566 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Sparta
		BC until the Spartan defeat at the battle of Leuctra (371 BC), it was dominated by Sparta.
		It comprised the ancient Greek states except Sparta, and was led by Philip II of Macedonia.
		Sparta, Ill., Chamber raise yearly dues by $15 during meeting.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Sparta&StartAt=41 (789 words)

	Lycurgus - The Father of Sparta
		The people of Sparta admired the character of this man who could lay down the supreme power so easily out of respect for justice, so it was easy for Lycurgus to rule the Spartans in his capacity as the guardian of Charilaus.
		When King Theopompus, in whose reign the ephors were established, was scolded by his wife for leaving his son less royal power than he had inherited, he replied: "No, it is greater, because it will last longer." With their decision-making power reduced, the Spartan kings were freed of the jealousy of the people.
		King Agesilaus violated this law of Lycurgus when he persistently made war against the Thebans and thus made them a match for the Spartans.
	www.e-classics.com /lycurgus.htm (5376 words)

	Sparta, Greece
		Sparta, chief town of Laconia, lies in the fertile Evrótas plain, which is enclosed between the Taygetos range (2,404m/7,888ft) and Mt Párnon (1,937m/6,355ft) and bounded on the south by the sea.
		King Menelaos, who like his brother Agamemnon belonged to the Trojan War generation, was later revered in the Menelaion.
		In addition to the two kings Sparta had a Council of Elders (Gerousia) and five ephors, who were elected annually.
	www.planetware.com /greece/sparta-gr-pel-spart.htm (345 words)

	Kings Of Sparta
		Sparta was an important Greek city-state in the Peloponnesus.
		If a king dies in battle, then they make a statue of him, and placing it upon a couch right bravely decked, so carry it to the grave.
		Sparta was a republic from 221 to 219 BC.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/History/KingsOfSparta.html (0 words)

	Kings receive laws from the people
		The ceremony was this, that together with the setting of the crown on the king's head, they delivered into his hands the Book of the Testimony, which some understand to be the right of the people of the land, others, the law of God according to which he ought to govern the people.
		The kings of Sparta, whom Aristotle calls lawful princes, did every month renew their oaths, promising in the hands of the magistrates speaking for the kingdom, to rule according to those laws which they had from Lycurgus.
		Antiochus, the third of that name, king of Asia, wrote to all the cities of his kingdom, that if in the letters sent to them in his name, there were anything found repugnant to the laws, they should believe they were no act of the king's, and therefore yield no obedience unto them.
	www.reformed.org /documents/vindiciae/vindiciae3f.html (466 words)

	Sparta
		Arius, who sought to maintain the independence of his country against the Syrian successors of Alexander by creating a diversion against them in Palestine, pretended to have found a writing relative to the Spartans, showing that they themselves and the Jews were two peoples - brothers both descending from Abraham.
		In 1833; after the Peloponnesus had been included in the Kingdom of Greece, Sparta was reduced to the rank of a simple bishopric; it remains the same to-day, but the see is called Monembasia and Sparta.
		The bishop resides at Sparta and exercises his jurisdiction over all the district of this name.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/sparta.html (486 words)

	Education World® - *History : Classical / Ancient : Greece : Sparta
		Kings of Sparta Straightforward reference to the numerous leaders of this warlike Greek citystate.
		Krypteia at Sparta Describes the military fighting men of Sparta and their implied role in the demise of the Helots.
		Sparta Benedict Nightingale discusses the history and what is understood to be the present area of this historic Greek citystate.
	db.education-world.com /perl/browse?cat_id=10478 (284 words)

	HELLAS:NET - History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sparta started the construction of a Peloponessian fleet which was financed for a big part by Persia, while Sparta would deliver mercenaries to the Persian empire.
		It was of the hand of Alcibiades who had fled from Sparta to Sardes as he had slept with the wife of one of the two kings of Sparta.
		In 405 Sparta defeated the Athenian fleet during the battle of Aegospotami, but even then was it not the battle but the blockade of the Hellespont which forced Athens to capitulate.
	monolith.dnsalias.org /~marsares/history/classic5/pelopo/final.html (902 words)

	Ancient Greece: Sparta
		In the eighth century BC, Sparta, like all her neighbors, was a monarchy with a limited oligarchy.
		Below the monarchy was a council which was composed of the two kings plus twenty-eight nobles, all of whom were over sixty, that is, retired from the military.
		In a short time, Sparta had formed alliances with a huge number of states in the southern part of Greece (called the Peloponnesus), and had become the major power in Greece when the Persians invaded in 490 BC.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/GREECE/SPARTA.HTM (1602 words)

	Socrates Had It Coming
		From being governed by kings, one of them the legendary hero Theseus, it had gradually opened the franchise from an oligarchy of nobles and rich landowners to where even poor men could serve on the Council of 500 or on the jury.
		Sparta, on the other hand, was a militaristic state, ruled by principles opposite to those of Athens.
		In order to guard against slave revolts, Sparta became a police state, and the free citizens were trained in the arts of war from the age of seven.
	users.mo-net.com /mlindste/socrates.html (0 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: On the Kings of Sparta, c. 430 BCE
		Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: On the Kings of Sparta, c.
		These rights have been assigned to the kings for their lifetime by the Spartan state; and after they are dead horsemen go round and announce that which has happened throughout the whole of the Spartan land, and in the city women go about and strike upon a copper kettle.
		Whenever this happens so, two free persons of each household must go into mourning, a man and a woman, and for those who fail to do this great penalties are prescribed....
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/herodotus-sparta1.html (239 words)

	Eponymous Archons, Greek Dialects, and Syracuse
		The other three were the Polemarch (polémarkhos, "war leader," the third archon), who was the commander-in-chief, the King (basileús, the second archon), who succeeded to the religious duties of the original Kings of Athens, and the Eponymous (epónymos) Archon, the first archon, after whom the year was named.
		The closest to that were regal years of Kings, like the Kings of Egypt.
		Bickerman does gives the Kings of Sparta down to their end in 192.
	www.friesian.com /archon.htm (1501 words)

	Sparta, The Conservative Ancient Greece
		Sparta may have had a better legal base because of the work of Lycurgus so less was dependent upon political intrigue.
		Answer: Sparta's physical isolation in the center of an agricultural region allowed it to be politically isolated and to develop an agricultural economy.
		Answer: Sparta was essentially an armed camp where the soldiers enforced the laws according to the judgements and commands of their leaders.
	www.fjkluth.com /sparta.html (12945 words)

	Sparta - History for Kids!
		It was already there in the Late Bronze Age, and appears in Homer's Odyssey as the kingdom of Menelaus and Helen.
		Although most Greek towns got rid of their kings at this time, the Spartans kept their kings.
		The biggest change in Sparta's history, though, came around 700 BC, when they seem to have conquered a group of people living near them, in Messenia.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/greeks/government/spartans.htm (414 words)

	Monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The government of Sparta was different than the Athenian government.
		The government consisted of the kingship which was shared by two kings, the Gerousia (the council of elders), the Ephorate, and the Assembly.
		Their main role was to keep the kings straight, and make sure the kings did not gain too much power.
	members.tripod.com /~promotion/sparta.html (204 words)

	Cleomenes I Summary
		490 BC) was one of the Kings of Sparta in the 6th and 5th centuries BC.
		Cleomenes was still king when Aristagoras, the tyrant of Miletus, came to Sparta to request help for the Ionian Revolt in 499 BC.
		Around 490 BC Cleomenes was forced to flee Sparta when his plot against Demaratus was discovered, but the Spartans allowed him to return when he began gathering an army in the surrounding territories.
	www.bookrags.com /Cleomenes_I (1038 words)

	Ancient Greek Government - History for Kids!
		For the most part, Greece began by having monarchies, then oligarchies, then tyrannies and then democracies, but at each period there were plenty of city-states using a different system, and there were many which never did become democracies or tyrannies at all.
		Homer's Iliad, and Greek mythology in general, shows us a whole series of kings like Agamemnon and Theseus, and some of their palaces have survived for archaeologists to dig up.
		Sparta is the most famous of these, though actually Sparta had two kings, usually brothers or cousins, at the same time.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/greeks/government/index.htm (711 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Famous Men of Greece by John H. Haaren and A. B. Poland
		His father was one of the kings of Sparta and bore the name of one of the greatest of Greek heroes, Leonidas, the famous defender of Thermopylae.
		Cleomenes made his way to Sparta and advised the citizens to submit to the Macedonians, which they did, and the independence of Sparta was gone forever.
		But, unfortunately, Ptolemy died, and the next king made Cleomenes a prisoner because an enemy of the great Spartan had said that he was plotting against the Egyptian king.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=haaren&book=greece&story=cleomenes (1165 words)

	Algernon Sidney: Discourses Concerning Government — 2:7
		If they are not in all places the same, kings do not reign by an universal law, but by the particular laws of each country; which give to every one so much power, as in the opinion of the givers conduces to the end of their institution, which is the publick good.
		The children born of Isabel of Portugal during her marriage with John the Third of Castile were declared bastards; and the title of the house of Austria to that crown, depends upon that declaration.
		David therefore was not king, till he was elected, and those covenants made; and he was made king by that election and covenants.
	www.constitution.org /as/dcg_207.htm (1711 words)

	Biographies: Leonidas I of Sparta :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		Leonidas I was one of the two kings of Sparta during the invasion of Xerxes.
		Leonidas is also one of Sparta’s most well known kings because of the sacrifice at Thermopylae.
		It was widely believed that Leonidas promised such a small force because an oracle told him that a king of Sparta must die to save Greece.
	wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=7345 (866 words)

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