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Topic: Kingdom of Aragon

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	Encyclopedia: Kingdom of Aragon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Aragon is bounded on the north by France, on the east by Catalonia, on the south by Valencia, and on the west by Castile-La Mancha, Castile-Leon, La Rioja, and Navarre (Spanish: Navarra).
		Aragón was a French feudal county (Jaca) self proclaimed kingdom, that was united to the kingdom of Pamplona (later Navarre) in 925.
		Splited the kingdom of Navarra, the kingdom of Aragón was re-established in 1035 and until 1707.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kingdom-of-Aragon (573 words)

	Aragon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aragon (Spanish and Aragonese: Aragón; Catalan: Aragó) is an autonomous community of north-eastern Spain.
		Split from the kingdom of Navarre, the kingdom of Aragón was re-established in 1035 and lasted until 1707.
		The real centre of this kingdom was Barcelona, since it had a seaport and was near the geographical centre of the Crown of Aragon, while Valencia was the most important seaport for trade until approximately the 18th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aragon (760 words)

	2. Aragon. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		This expansion of the Aragonese kingdom gave Aragon for a time predominance in the western Mediterranean, but it estranged the Aragonese aristocracy, as well as the towns.
		Alfonso, a lover of Italy and a passionate devotee of the Renaissance, shifted the center of gravity of the Aragonese empire and subordinated the interest of Aragon to that of Naples.
		Aragon was ruled by his brother John, as viceroy.
	www.bartleby.com /67/526.html (490 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: Imperial Spain
		Aragon was a federation of highly independent provinces that were each administered by a Cortes in the absence of the king who could not directly administer such a diverse empire.
		Aragon had a rich and energetic urban patriciate with extensive overseas commercial interests who believed in a contractual relationship between the king and his subjects.
		Castile took advantage of this weakness and dominated the union of kingdoms but Aragon would bring its wealth in administrative experience and its skill in the techniques of diplomacy and government that would prove to be invaluable once the Spanish Empire began to expand.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/Imperial.html (1030 words)

	Aragón (menú principal)
		Aragon, an autonomous region of the kingdom of Spain, has an extension of 48.000 km2 and a population of 1.200.000 inhabitants.
		The territory of Aragon was historically populated by Basques, Iberians and Celts, Romans, Visigoths, Arabs and Berbers.
		With the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabelle I of Castile, the Catholic Kings, all the states of the Crown of Aragon and those of the Crown of Castile and Leon, including the thereafter discovered territories of America, were united under the government of a single dynasty.
	goya.unizar.es /InfoGoya/Aragon_en/Aragon.html (320 words)

	Kingdom of Majorca -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Kingdom of Majorca (also Kingdom of Mallorca) was created by (additional info and facts about James I of Aragon) James I of Aragon (Jaume I, "The Conqueror") as a vassal kingdom of the (additional info and facts about Kingdom of Aragon) Kingdom of Aragon.
		On James's death, this kingdom passed to his second son, who reigned under the name (additional info and facts about James II of Majorca) James II of Majorca.
		The kingdom was occupied and annexed in 1344 by (additional info and facts about Peter IV of Aragon) Peter IV of Aragon, after which the title became nominal.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/ki/kingdom_of_majorca.htm (324 words)

	Kingdom of Sardinia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Kingdom of Sardinia is a former kingdom in Italy.
		In 1720 the kingdom of Sicily was exchanged for that of Sardinia, and the House of Savoy was enabled to call itself royal, as Kings of Sardinia.
		In 1814 the kingdom was restored and enlarged with the addition of the former Republic of Genoa, now a duchy, and it served as a buffer state against France.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/K/Kingdom-of-Sardinia.htm (798 words)

	A Brief History of Aragon. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The history of the kingdom of Aragon reached its culmination in the reign of Alfonso I (1101-1134), but his will gave rise to serious political conflicts which were not completely solved until the Aragonese kingdom was united with the County of Barcelona.
		Aragon, like Catalonia, Valencia and Mallorca, supported Archduke Charles against Philip V. After the battle of Almansa (1707), Philip V abolished the Aragonese charters, adopted a series of centralizing measures and all the old political arrangements of the kingdom were wiped out.
		Aragon became in practice a province and its Coincil was absorbed into the Council of Castile.
	www.sispain.org /english/politics/autonomo/aragon/araghis.html (234 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Aragon : 1282-1479 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		What is indicated as the Kingdom of Aragon on many historical maps in fact was a conglomerate of territories which were held together by the ruling dynasty, but otherwise managed on their own.
		Aragon proper, capital Zaragoza, was the largest of these territories and was always listed prominent (first) among the dynasty's many titles.
		The Kingdom of Aragon feateured prominently in it, because in the core union of Aragon and Catalonia (Barcelona), the Kingdom of Aragon outranked the County of Barcelona.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/spain/aragonexp.html (1007 words)

	Spain - CASTILE AND ARAGON
		Aragon and the Catalan counties were federated in 1137 through the marriage of Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona, and Petronilla, heiress to the Aragonese throne.
		Peter III, king of Aragon from 1276 until 1285, had been elected to the throne of Sicily when the French Angevins (House of Anjou) were expelled from the island kingdom during an uprising in 1282.
		Aragon- Catalonia accepted and developed--not without conflict--the federal principle, and it made no concerted attempt to establish a political union of the Spanish and Italian principalities outside of their personal union under the Aragonese crown.
	countrystudies.us /spain/6.htm (1386 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Castile and Aragon
		Old Castile is in outline an irregular triangle, the western frontier bordering on the ancient Kingdom of Leon, the south-eastern boundary being the Sierras de Gredos, Guadarrama, and the Moncayo (Mons Caunus), and the north-eastern, the river Ebro.
		These topographical conditions made the soil of Aragon very fertile; the mountains are covered with great forests, and fruits grow abundantly, but, on account of the isolation of the mountains and the scarcity of water on some of the high table-lands, some regions are but thinly populated.
		The Compromiso de Caspe placed the crown of Aragon on the head of an Infante of Castile, Ferdinand of Antequera (1412), and the marriage of Isabella, heiress of Henry IV of Castile, to Ferdinand, the heir of John II of Aragon, finally united these kingdoms and formed the beginning of the Spanish monarchy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03410b.htm (3092 words)

	ZARAGOZA, ARAGÓN
		Subsequently the region was incorporated with the kingdom of Navarre.
		Formal merger of the two kingdoms took place on the accession of Charles I in 1516, but Aragón retained its own administration and representative institutions until the end of the 17th century.
		Saragossa declined in importance after the unification of the kingdoms of Aragón and Castile in 1469.
	www.unizar.es /arranque/fbauz/aragon.html (474 words)

	Chapter 9: A History of Aragon and Catalonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This victory placed Aragon in a stronger position, but the eventual conclusion of the peace was delayed by the death of Honorius IV in April 1287, after which the Papal Chair remained unoccupied for some time.
		The kingdom of Mallorca was to be held as a fief of the Crown of Aragon.
		In April the Pope invested the King of Aragon and his descendants with the kingdoms of Sardinia and Corsica, to be held as fiefs of the papacy.
	libro.uca.edu /chaytor/hac9.htm (5966 words)

	Kingdom of Mallorca - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On James's death, this kingdom passed to his second son, who reigned under the name James_II_of_Mallorca.
		Alfonso (Alfons) II (Alfonso_III_of_Aragon, known as "el Franc" (the Free), conquered the island of Majorca in 1285 and Ibiza in 1286 from James II of Mallorca, and effectively recovered Minorca from Moorish domination.
		The kingdom was occupied and annexed in 1344 by Peter_IV_of_Aragon.
	www.indexsuche.com /Kingdom_of_Mallorca.html (154 words)

	Prologue: A History of Aragon and Catalonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Very different in character is the old kingdom of Aragon, as may be observed even in the course of the railway journey from Barcelona to Zaragoza.
		Aragon descends gradually from the Pyrenees, the highest points of which [xvi] form her northern frontier, to the basin of the Ebro; in prehistoric times, this district was a great salt lake, confined by the coastal mountains and the central Spanish plateau, until the waters found a way to the sea near Tortosa.
		Aragon was less affected than Catalonia by infiltrations of foreign blood and influence, and the Aragonese is more native to the soil than the Catalan.
	libro.uca.edu /chaytor/prologue.htm (1024 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - A Deal with the Devil: The Rise of the Kingdom of Aragon
		For I had ridden throughout Aragon, from Navarra and Jaca in the North, to Rioja, Soria, and Valladolid in the West; and I had seen the might of Islam encircling her.
		Aragon is strong, for when one Moor turned against another, Aragon willingly traded her swords in exchange for land.
		Aragon became embroiled in a war with one of the minor Islamic sheikdoms shortly after Guzmán changed the succession laws to elective, according to both the monastic chronicles and his journal.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=176840 (4347 words)

	VRMAG - VIRTUAL VISTAS OF ARAGON, SPAIN.
		If you’re planning a trip to the northern region of Spain known as Aragon, you’ll want to view the beautiful panoramas of its most well-known sights at www.caiaragon.com.
		Aragon is still primarily known as the birthplace of Henry VIII’s first wife, Catherine of Aragon, as this former kingdom nestled at the foot of the Pyrenees is quite rural and off the usual tourist track.
		Huesca, formerly Osca, is the provincial capital and was founded in the 1st century BC and in 1096 it was captured by Peter of Aragon and was the region’s capital until 1118, when the title passed to Zaragoza.
	vrm.vrway.com /issue12/VIRTUAL_VISTAS_OF_ARAGON_SPAIN_.html (197 words)

	Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck
		In Aragon and Catalonia conditions for rural workers were still difficult as indicated by a document from the Cortes of Huesca in 1245.
		Nobles in Aragon disliked the influence of Roman law and lawyers; in 1265 the Cortes of Egea made Jaime confirm traditional Aragonese laws, and nobles were to be tried by a judge appointed from their class.
		The Pope's crusade against Aragon led by France's King Philip III was defeated by Aragonese and Catalan forces and the navy led by de Lauria; after an epidemic the retreating French troops were slaughtered.
	www.san.beck.org /AB21-Europe13thCentury.html (23862 words)

	: : : Totally Spain : : : (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Kingdom of Aragon has its origin in the 9th century and was once part of Navarra and Catalonia until its independence in the 11th century.
		Aragon lies in the north eastern part of the Spanish mainland.
		This former kingdom in Northern Spain, which once ruled the Mediterranean, is of great interest and is marked by contrasts and magnificent countryside.
	www.totallyspain.com /reg_08.asp (504 words)

	Iberian Peninsula, 1400-1600 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The consolidation of the monarchy is largely due to the marriage and joint rule of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, whose devout Catholicism and support of the Inquisition safeguards the country in advance from the
		Isabella, infanta of Castile and heir to the throne, and Ferdinand of Aragon are married at Valladolid, seat of Castilian royalty.
		Their joint rule, though not an official union of the two kingdoms, is an important step toward the eventual unification of Spain.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/08/eusi/ht08eusi.htm (1997 words)

	Expansion of the Kingdom of Aragon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1162, the son of Queen Petronila and Conde-Principe Ramón became the first King of Aragon and Conde of Barcelona; the head of two states that maintained their political, juridical, cultural and linguistic differences.
		Thus was born the Crown of Aragon, a collection of territories, peoples, kingdoms, dutchies, and counties under the sovereignty of the King of Aragon.
		The House of Aragon steadily extended its power throughout the Mediterrenean (The Balearic Isles, Valencia, Sicily, Sardinia, Naples, Athens, etc.).
	goya.unizar.es /InfoGoya/Aragon_en/Corona.html (170 words)

	Castle Molina de Aragon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Castle Molina de Aragon lies in the town with the same name in the eastern part of the province of Guadalajara in Spain.
		This was followed by a territorial dispute between the kingdoms Aragon and Castile over this strategic castle, which by then was situated in a cold and almost completely depopulated highland.
		In 1810 the town was torched was the French general Roquet and in 1875 the castle served as a refuge for the townspeople from attacks of troops of 'Carlistas' led by general Vallés.
	www.castles.nl /eur/es/mol/mol.html (460 words)

	Mallorca Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1229 the armies of the Kingdom of Aragon, under the command of Jaume I retook the island and reintroduced Christianity.
		Until 1276 Mallorca was part of the Kingdom of Aragon, became independent and then was reincorporated into the Kingdom of Aragon in 1349.
		With the restoration of Spanish democracy in 1977 came the recovery of the island's language and symbols of identity as well.
	www.wealth24.com /jsp/jdirectory/jsp/category_class/mallorca.htm (184 words)

	Aragon Guide .com - Aragon Pyrenees
		The northern province of Huesca, is the Aragon Pyrenees area and one of the most valuable assets of Aragon.
		The variety of geological formations and the climatic constrasts that are registered between the wet valleys of the north and the dry lands of the foothhills in the south give rise to a great diversity of animal and vegetable species.
		Huesca was the birthplace of the old kingdom of Aragon, and as such, has a an important cultural heritage, filled with Palaeolithic constructions, cave paintings, Roman remains, Romanesque churches and medieval towns.
	www.aragonguide.com /cats.asp?cID=64 (197 words)

	A short history of Spain
		In 468 the Visigoths establish their kingdom, but in 711 it is conquered by the Caliphate.
		To the east of Castilla the Kingdom of Aragon is founded in 1137.
		In 1479 Aragon and Castilla unite in the Kingdom of Spain and in 1492 the last Moorish settlements around Granada are conquered.
	www.electionworld.org /history/spain.htm (928 words)

	Historical Flags (Valencian Community, Spain) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kingdom of Valencia, Reino de Valencia, Reialme de Val&eagrave;ncia
		The currently existing one, a faithful copy of the original, was made in the 17th century and it is kept, though very damaged, at the City Historical Archive of the Turia capital [ie.
		Its symbolic colours are four stripes of gules [red] on a gold field and a transversal blue band ornated with lambrequins, thus synthesizing the arrival of [the Kingdom of] Aragon to the Valencian sea.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/es-vc_hi.html (1008 words)

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