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Topic: The Kingdom of Burundi

	Peace and Justice Ministries
		Burundi is located in the east central part of Africa and is counted as one of the nations of Africa's Great Lakes Region.
		With the intervention of the church as one of the facilitators in Burundi, the government and the parliament are working together for peace in the country.
		The Anglican Church of Burundi is appealing for help with resources to bring about the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the uprooted and marginalized people of our society, especially of people who were the direct victims of the country's political and social crisis.
	www.episcopalchurch.org /1866_9996_ENG_HTM.htm (795 words)

	Burundi. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Burundi is one of the poorest, smallest, and most densely populated nations in Africa.
		During World War I, Belgian forces occupied (1916) Burundi, and in 1919 it became part of the Belgian League of Nations mandate of Ruanda-Urundi (which in 1946 became a UN trust territory).
		Burundi was convulsed by ethnic violence in which thousands of Hutus and Tutsis died, and many fled the country.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bu/Burundi.html (1355 words)

	Burundi BANKING AND SECURITIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		After the breakup of the economic union in December 1963, Burundi's banking operations were transacted through the Bank of the Kingdom of Burundi, which in 1967 became the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the central bank and bank of issue.
		Burundi has a number of commercial banks, which handle a substantial portion of short-term credit (vital for the coffee season) that include the Commercial Bank of Burundi, the Credit Bank of Bujumbura, and the Belgian-African Bank of Burundi.
		A World Bank delegation visited Burundi in February 1997 to assess the situation, and concluded that conditions were not right for a resumption of funding.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/Burundi-BANKING-AND-SECURITIES.html (327 words)

	History of Burundi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Burundi is one of the few countries in Africa, along with its closely linked neighbour Rwanda among others, to be a direct territorial continuation of an ancient African state.
		The notion of Rwandan origins for the kingdom was promoted by the European colonizers for it fit their ideals of a ruling class coming to the area from the Hamitic northeast.
		The Kingdom of Burundi was characterized by a hierarchical political authority and tributary economic exchange.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Burundi (1354 words)

	History of Burundi
		In the 16th century, Burundi was a kingdom characterized by a hierarchical political authority and tributary economic exchange.
		Burundi's first Hutu president, Melchior Ndadaye, of the Hutu-dominated FRODEBU Party, was elected in 1993.
		Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions.
	infotut.com /geography/Burundi (1389 words)

	Untitled Document
		The first kingdom in Burundi was founded in the early 16th century, after Batutsi, said to be descendants of Nilo-Hamitic shepard people, gained power over the agricultural Bahutu, and established a feudal system.
		In 1962, Ruanda and Urundi were given independence from Belgium and were admitted to the United Nations as the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi.
		Burundi is still comprised primarily of the Hutu (85%) and the Tutsi (14%).
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~serzeszu/statehistory.htm (650 words)

	Map Zones : Burundi
		Much of Burundi's rich cultural heritage, most notably folk songs and dances, was intended to extol the virtues of kingship; however, since the fall of the monarchy in 1966 (and particularly after a massacre of Hutu in 1972), such cultural expression has waned.
		Burundi’s labor force numbers 3.6 million people, of which 15 percent are engaged in agriculture, 22 percent in industry, and 59 percent in services.
		Burundi, landlocked republic, eastern Africa, bordered on the north by Rwanda, on the east and south by Tanzania, and on the west by Lake Tanganyika and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
	kids.mapzones.com /world/burundi (2329 words)

	University of Michigan, NRE545, 1997 Monograph
		Burundi is an anomaly in a continent of states with artificially constructed borders in that it was a 'kingdom' long before colonization and has been a "national entity" for centuries.
		The issue is further complicated in Burundi due to the fact that Burundi's kingdom was ruled, not by the Tutsi as in Rwanda, but by a ruling class of royalty known as the Ganwa, considered neither Tutsi nor Hutu, but rather seen as having origins and legitimacy with both groups.
		Burundi is in the early stages of the demographic transition.
	www.umich.edu /~csfound/545/1997/eng/shanfin.html (10882 words)

	Burundi (09/06)
		A joint session of the parliament elected Pierre Nkurunziza as President of Burundi on August 19, 2005 in a vote of 151 to 9 with one abstention, establishing the post-transition government.
		Burundi is heavily dependent on bilateral and multilateral aid, with external debt totaling $1.2 billion in 2003.
		Burundi is a member of various international and regional organizations, including the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the African Union, and the African Development Bank, and became a member of COMESA, the free-tariff zone of eastern and southern Africa, in 2004.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2821.htm (3118 words)

	[28 Aug 1996] SC/6260 : SECURITY COUNCIL HEARS CALL FOR IMMEDIATE CEASE-FIRE, POLITICAL DIALOGUE, IN BURUNDI, SPEAKERS ...
		NSANZE TERENCE (Burundi) said that the main reason for convening the Council meeting at his country's request was the economic sanctions imposed against Burundi by the countries of the Great Lakes region.
		Noting that the humanitarian situation in Burundi continued to cause considerable concern, he said the parties to the conflict should be aware of their responsibility for the peoples' lives and well-being.
		STEPHEN GOMERSALL (United Kingdom) said his country agreed with the Secretary-General's conclusion that the conflict in Burundi was not susceptible to a military solution, and that the international community must continue to focus its efforts on bringing the parties together to end the fighting, restore a legitimate government and achieve lasting national reconciliation in Burundi.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/1996/19960828.sc6260.html (10533 words)

	Burundi - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		BURUNDI [Burundi], officially Republic of Burundi, republic (2005 est.
		Correction: Burundi former rebel leader vows return to peace Attention: In the Kigali story headlined "Burundi presidential hopeful vows return to peace", please read headline as "Burundi former rebel leader vows return to peace".
		Challenges facing burundi, requiring international help, indicated at country-specific meetings of peacebuilding commission; Priorities and Sequencing Said to Be needed to Achieve Best Results.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-burundi.html (1625 words)

	News: Great Lakes, Fact file on Burundi
		An estimated 10 percent of the population fled to neighbouring countries or the interior of Burundi during the war.
		Inter-ethnic massacres have occurred throughout Burundi's post-colonial history, notably in 1972 when around 200,000 Hutus were killed, and again in 1988 when between 5,000 and 50,000 were killed.
		Burundi is among the poorest countries in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the World Bank.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EVIU-6CXHSY?OpenDocument (822 words)

	BURUNDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Kingdom of Burundi was founded during the middle of the seventeenth century by Ntare Rushatsi, who assumed the style of Mwami ca.
		The Mwami was recognised as Sultan of greater Burundi in 1905.
		The king was overthrown in a military coup d'etat and the monarchy abolished in 1966.
	www.4dw.net /royalark/Burundi/burundi.htm (513 words)

	History
		The Hutu finished migrating to Burundi by the 11th century, and in the 14th century the Tutsi invaded and dominated under successive Tutsi mwamis, or kings.
		In January of 1962 Burundi was to be granted self governance, and in preparation for this there was an election in September of 1961, between UPRONA and the PDC.
		This event was detrimental to the future of Burundi; Rwagasore's focus on unification dissolved, the UPRONA divided, and open conflict between the Hutu and Tutsi began.
	www.earlham.edu /~pols/globalprobs/burundi/description.html (378 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Last night, in Burundi, rebel troops who were understood to have staged the attempted coup in the early hours of yesterday were reported to be on the run.
		The political parties of Burundi's minority Tutsi population have proposed revising the August 2000 Arusha Agreement and later peace pacts by replacing two vice-presidents from different ethnic groups with one veto-wielding Tutsi vice-president, according to the report.
		Burundi's government and main rebel group signed a ceasefire agreement after more than 300,000 people were killed in nine years of civil war.
	www.lycoszone.com /info/burundi--tutsi-president.html?page=2 (495 words)

	History of BURUNDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The highlands of Rwanda and Burundi, east of Lake Kivu, are the last part of Africa to be reached by Europeans in the colonial expansion of the late 19th century.
		The worst blot on Burundi's record is the ethnic slaughter unleashed upon the Hutu community in April and May 1972, in response to an attempted uprising.
		The incumbent president, Pierre Buyoya, is expected to win Burundi's first multiparty presidential election in June 1993, but he is defeated by Melchior Ndadaye, leader of the main opposition party.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad25 (1645 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Princess for president in Burundi
		Burundi's last king was killed in 1972 and the country was locked in a brutal civil war for much of the last decade.
		Ms Kamatari fled Burundi in 1970 after members of the royal family were killed.
		Burundi's post-independence history has been dominated by tensions between the Tutsi minority and the Hutu majority.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/3688238.stm (288 words)

	Burundi - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		It is bound by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, Lake Tanganyika to the southwest and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) to the west.
		Burundi is a high rolling country that is part of the Great African Plateau while it forms the divide between the Nile and the Zaire River Basins and has three natural regions.
		In the same year Urundi voted to become the independent Kingdom of Burundi and on July 1, 1962 it gained independence with the Tutsi controlling the country.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/burundi.htm (1201 words)

	Burundi travel guide
		Nestled in the heart of Africa, tiny Burundi is a land of rolling green hills and endless smiles.
		Like its neighbor to the North, Rwanda, Burundi was flung into the chaos of ethnic strife with the assassination of its newly elected President in 1993.
		The nearly four decades of near-constant violence has destroyed the country’s infrastructure, lead to large-scale deforestation and given the country the unenviable title as the poorest country in the world with a per capita GDP of $106.
	www.world66.com /africa/burundi (379 words)

	A short history of Burundi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The area to the north west of Burundi is inhabited by Bahutu since the tenth century BC.
		Micombero abolishes the monarchy and declares the Republic of Burundi, although a de facto military regime dominated by Batutsi emerges.
		The UPRONA candidate is defeated by Melchior Ndadaye of the mainly Bahutu Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (Fort for Democracy in Burundi, FRODEBU).
	www.electionworld.org /history/burundi.htm (464 words)

	Lambeth Commission on Communion - Official Responses - Burundi
		The Episcopal Church of Burundi wishes to express appreciation for the Windsor Report, and to congratulate the Lambeth Commission that produced it.
		The Episcopal Church of Burundi remains totally committed to the Anglican Communion and will continue to endeavour to “keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace” (Ephesians 4 v 3).
		All through the debate on human sexuality the Episcopal Church of Burundi has prayerfully encouraged unity, understanding and dialogue within the household of God.
	www.anglicancommunion.org /commission/responses/burundi.cfm (487 words)

	Burundi: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com
		Belgium won a League of Nations mandate in 1923, and subsequently Burundi, with Rwanda, was transferred to the status of a United Nations trust territory.
		Burundi - Burundi, officially Republic of Burundi, republic (2005 est.
		Burundi: Economy - Economy Burundi is one of the poorest, smallest, and most densely populated nations in Africa.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107374.html (831 words)

	History of Burundi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A king (mwani) headed a princely aristocracy (ganwa) which owned most of the land and required a tribute, or tax, from local farmers and herders.
		In the mid-18th century, this Tutsi royalty consolidated authority over land, production, and distribution with the development of the ubugabire--a patron-client relationship in which the populace received royal protection in exchange for tribute and land tenure.
		In November 1995, the presidents of Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zaire announced a regional initiative for a negotiated peace in Burundi facilitated by former Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/burundi.html (976 words)

	Full Text: Lemarchand Papers
		Of special interest are colonial officers' reports from Rwanda, Burundi, and Chad on the formation of independent political parties and their leadership, ethnic conflicts, elections, and governmental policies and politics.
		He is well known for academic contributions to the concept of clientelism, and for his work on the genocide in Burundi.
		Agreement on the establishment of a technical working group for the promotion of durable solutions for Burundi refugees between the government of the Republic of Burundi, the government of the United Republic of Tanzania and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
	web.uflib.ufl.edu /cm/africana/fulltext.htm (6682 words)

	Burundi - Post Report - e Diplomat
		Burundi is an interesting country and you will find the Burundians are a very friendly people.
		Burundi gained limited self-government in 1961 and full independence as The Kingdom of Burundi on July 1, 1962.
		The Mwami, the traditional king, was deposed in 1966 by Michael Micombero, who declared Burundi a republic and consolidated Tutsi domination of the Armed Forces, political and economic structures, and the Catholic church.
	www.ediplomat.com /np/post_reports/pr_bi.htm (8621 words)

	Bullington:Burundi
		, Burundi is an Eden become Hades, a hauntingly beautiful land of mountains and lakes and near-perfect climate, where neighbors slaughter neighbors with machetes and the violent logic of fear and revenge is the guiding principle of daily life.
		In Burundi, the minority Tutsis -- upper caste pastoral people through whom the Belgians had ruled -- maintained their dominance through control of the army and violently suppressed all Hutu attempts to achieve democracy or even a meaningful share of power.
		And to put the economy of little Burundi in perspective, the country's largest industry by far is the Dutch-owned brewery, which produces forty percent of the government's tax revenue.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_4/bullington.html (1391 words)

	Research Protocol and Resources in Burundi
		I have tried to describe Burundi's archival situation from my own experiences as well as from printed information, not all of which I was able to verify.
		[7] Since 1979, Burundi has had one of the strongest archival laws to be found in sub-Saharan Africa.
		Faye indicated in his report that preliminary arrangements of the provincial records had been undertaken by the archives' staff in Ngozi and Gitega, although the records continued to be located in the provincial offices under precarious conditions.
	www.africa-research.org /templates/text/Hunt87.htm (4636 words)

	Burundi: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Genocidal violence in Burundi: should international law prohibit domestic humanitarian intervention?(Conceptualizing Violence: Present......
		Burundi Inching Closer to Ending Long Civil War.
		Burundi to increase coffee production despite low prices.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107374.html (870 words)

	MORNING NEWS BRIEF www
		Yesterday [Oct 06], the Burundi Head of State completed a three-day visit conducted in Ngozi and Kayanza where he met with all provincial Governors (in Ngozi), pupils, students, military and police officials (in Kayanza).
		with 2.6 billion Burundi Francs intended to cover civil servants’ net salaries for a period of one month and half.
		A training of all education managers is also planned.
	www.reliefweb.int /ochaburundi/am_brief/bur071005.htm (492 words)

	Burundi and the IMF -- Page 1 of 3
		Listed below are items related to Burundi, in reverse chronological order (you can also view items by category).
		On behalf of: Angola, Burundi, Botswana, The State of Eritrea, The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, The Gambia, Kenya, Liberia, Lesotho, Republic of Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Kingdom of Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
		This Letter of Intent of the government of Burundi describes the policies that Burundi intends to implement in the context of its request for financial support from the IMF.
	www.imf.org /external/country/BDI/index.htm (630 words)

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