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Topic: Kingdom of Castile

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Castile

Kingdom of Leon

Kingdom of Asturias

1230

Aragon

Ferdinand II of Aragon

Reconquista

El Cid

Cantabria

Asturias

Iberian Peninsula

Music of Spain

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Ordono I of Asturias

866

	Castile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Historically, the Castilian Kingdom and people were the architects of the Spanish State by a process of expansion to the South against the Muslims and of marriages, wars, assimilation, and annexation of its smaller Eastern and Western neighbours.
		By the Treaty of Alcaçovas with Portugal on March 6, 1460, the ownership of the Canary Islands was transferred to Castile.
		The dynastic union of Castile and Aragon in 1469, when Ferdinand II of Aragon wed Isabella of Castile, would eventually lead to the formal creation of Spain as a single entity in 1516 when their grandson Charles V assumed both thrones.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Castile (319 words)

	Castile-Leon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Castile and Leon (Spanish Castilla y León) is an autonomous community of Spain, the country's largest.
		Castile and León is bordered to the north by Asturias and Cantabria, on the east by Aragon, the Basque Country, and La Rioja, to the southeast by the autonomous community of Madrid and Castile-La Mancha, to the south by Extremadura, and to the west by Portugal and Galicia.
		Castile and León is composed of the provinces of Ávila, Burgos, León, Palencia, Salamanca, Segovia, Soria, Valladolid and Zamora.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Castile-Leon (191 words)

	Kingdom of Asturias - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Kingdom of Asturias was the first Christian nation to be established in the Iberian peninsula after it was conquered by the Islamic Moors in 711.
		The kingdom was established by a Visigothic nobleman, Pelayo, who rebelled against the Moorish governor of Asturias in 718.
		The kingdom was known as Asturias until 924, when it became the Kingdom of León.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Asturies (263 words)

	Castile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Castile was a Christian county until it was absorbed ny Sancho II the Great, king of Navarre, who reunited most of northern Spain (1028-1035).
		The Almoravids of Morocco, led by Yusuf ibn Tashfin invaded and defeated Alfonso VI of Castile and León in 1085 at the battle of Zallaqah, near Badajoz.
		Castile and León were finally and definitely reunited as one kingdom in 1230 by Ferdinand III (1217-1252).
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /c/castile.html (297 words)

	castile old kingdom
		It lies on the so-called "Meseta Norte", or Northen Plateau, of the Iberian Peninsula, limited to the north by the Cantabrian Highlands, by the Iberian Mountains on the east, the Central Chain in the South and the border with Portugal in the west.
		Old Castile is in outline an irregular triangle, the western frontier bordering on the ancient Kingdom of Leon, the south-eastern boundary being the Sierras de Gredos, Guadarrama, and the Moncayo (Mons Caunus), and the north-eastern, the river Ebro.
		Castile, with the title of king, was given to Ferdinand, who had married Sancha, the sister of Bermudo, who was to have married García Sánchez, the last independent count.
	www.duerowines.com /castilla.htm (2886 words)

	Castile-Leon - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Castile and Leon (Spanish Castilla y León) Astur-leonés, Castiella y Llión, and in Galician language Castela e León is an autonomous community of Spain, the country's largest.
		It is formed by the union of two ancient kingdoms: Kingdom of Old Castile and Kingdom of León.
		Castile and Leon is bordered to the north by Asturias and Cantabria, on the east by the Basque Country and La Rioja, to the southeast by the autonomous community of Madrid and Castile-La Mancha, to the south by Extremadura, and to the west by Portugal and Galicia.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Castile-Leon (218 words)

	A Brief History of Castile and Leon. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Castile and Leon is a region which seems to have been peopled by Iberians, Celts and Ligures, and was not disturbed by the Phoenicians, Greek or Carthaginian invasions.
		With Fernan Gonzalez (950), Castile emerged as a hereditary County, still as a vassal to Leon, until in 1029 it came into the possession of Sancho III of Navarre and, on his death, was passed on to his son Ferdinand I, the first king of Castile.
		The last time the personality of the old kingdom of Castile seemed to assert itself in all its vigour was at the beginning of the 16th century with the War of the 'Comuneros' which, although going beyond the geographical confines of Castile itself, had its principal centres there.
	www.sispain.org /SiSpain/english/politics/autonomo/leon/leohis.html (244 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: Imperial Spain
		Politically the kingdom was in turmoil until Queen Isabella's victory in the civil war of 1474-1479.
		Castile took advantage of this weakness and dominated the union of kingdoms but Aragon would bring its wealth in administrative experience and its skill in the techniques of diplomacy and government that would prove to be invaluable once the Spanish Empire began to expand.
		Castile was the larger and stronger of the two nations and would dominate the foreign policy of both but Ferdinand was very much a full partner with his queen.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/Imperial.html (1030 words)

	CASTILE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old_Castile in north-western Spain, and New_Castile in the centre of the country.
		Previously an eastern county of the kingdom of LeÃ³n, Castile in the 11th_century became an independent realm with its capital at Burgos and later Valladolid, and the leading force in the northern Christian states' 400-year Reconquista ("reconquest") of central and southern Spain from the Muslim rulers who had dominated the peninsula since the 8th_century.
		The dynastic union of Castile and Aragon in 1469, when Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon wed Isabella_of_Castile, would eventually lead to the formal creation of Spain as a single entity in 1516 when their grandson Charles V assumed both thrones.
	www.dontpayyourtaxes.com /Castile (329 words)

	Historical Flags (Castile and Leon, Spain)
		Kingdom of Castile and Leon 1230-1516 (flag used until early 15th century)
		Pascal Vagnat asked, "Was the flag of the Kingdom of Castile [and Leon] in 1493 the same flag as the present day flag of Castile and Leon?".
		In 1200 the king of Castile had inherited the Lordship of Biscay and along the 14th century several cities in Alava and lordships in Guipuzcoa requested the protection of the Castilian crown to defend themselves better (for instance against English ambitions in the area).
	flagspot.net /flags/es-cl_hi.html (646 words)

	Castilia - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Castilia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The kingdom of Castile grew from a small area in the north.
		In the 11th century, Old Castile was united with León;; the kingdom of Toledo was captured from the Moors in 1085 and became New Castile, with Toledo the capital of the whole.
		Castile was united with Aragón in 1479, and in 1492, after routing the Moors, Ferdinand and Isabella established the Catholic kingdom of Spain.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Castilia (199 words)

	History of Spain, Castile and Aragon
		Castile also produced a caste of hereditary warriors whom the frontier "democratized"; all warriors were equals, and all men were warriors.
		In 981 Castile became an independent county, and in 1004 it was raised to the dignity of a kingdom.
		Castile, which had traditionally turned away from intervention in European affairs, developed a merchant marine in the Atlantic that successfully challenged the Hanseatic League (a peaceful league of merchants of various free German cities) for dominance in the coastal trade with France, England, and the Netherlands.
	motherearthtravel.com /history/spain/history-castile-aragon.htm (1413 words)

	KINGDOM OF CASTILE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The kingdom of "Castilla" (its name means, "Land of Castles") occupied the eastern half of the actual region of Castilla y León, and the neighboring regions of Cantabria, La Rioja, Madrid and part of Castilla-la Mancha.
		An important act of this was the conquest of Toledo (1085), by the king Alfonso VI, that united the muslim kingdom of Toledo with Castile.
		The two kingdoms remained independent until the union of Spain, with the marriage of Isabel I (Queen of Castile & León) and Fernando II (king of Aragón and Count of Barcelone).
	es.geocities.com /endovelico2001/castilla.html (366 words)

	History of Castile and Leon - IBWiki
		The ancient Kingdom of Asturias clung to the loose mountains of northeastern Spain, with its capital at Oviedo, while the Basques in Navarre retained sovereignty through the period of Muslim rule.
		In Western Sahara and European Castile, the monarchist movement did not prospered and a new Republican constitution was proclaimed as the Republic of Castile.
		The relationship between the Republic of Castile and the Kingdom of Castile and Leon was cordial from the beginning.
	ib.frath.net /w/History_of_Castile_and_Leon (6056 words)

	Untitled Document
		The birth of Portugal as a kingdom didn’t provoke a confrontation with its 'womb,' the Kingdom of Leon.
		In practice these kingdoms were of equal dignity and, as well as this, they constituted the most adequate response to the Islamic threat, each one taking charge of the defence of a part of the frontier as well as contributing to the Reconquest (Alvarez Palenzuela, 1999 and 2000).
		Despite the desire for peace, the tensions occurring in Castile from 1418 on, with the irruption of the Princes of Aragon in Castilian politics, again raised difficulties for the ratification of the treaty.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue1/html/palenzuela_main.html (11423 words)

	Castile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Castile, kas-tel', a former kingdom in the central part of Spain.
		By the marriage of its queen, Isabella, with Ferdinand, king of Aragon, in 1469, the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united.
		From this union sprang the modern kingdom of Spain.
	www.factopia.com /aiton-encyclopedia-vol1/castile.htm (71 words)

	Encyclopedia: Castile
		Events Louis IX of France departs on the Seventh Crusade for Egypt Kingdom of Castile captures city of Seville from Muslims Cologne cathedral: old cathedral burns down April 30; foundation stone to current cathedral laid August 15 Births Deaths January 4 - King Sancho II of Portugal, in exile in Toledo...
		Ferdinand and his wife Isabel of Castile Ferdinand II (Fernando de AragÃ³n in Spanish and Ferran dAragÃ³ in Catalan), nicknamed the Catholic (March 10, 1452 â€“ June 23, 1516) was king of Aragon, Castile, Sicily, Naples, Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona.
		Castilian is a noun and adjective that refers to the region and former kingdom of Spain; in particular, it refers to the language of this region, and is therefore considered by many to be a synonym of Spanish, though with different nuances.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Castile (1677 words)

	Kingdom of Asturias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Kingdom of Asturias was the first Christian nationto be established in the Iberian peninsula after it was conqueredby the Islamic Moors in 711.
		The reign of Alfonso II from 791 - 842 sawfurther expansion of the kingdom to the south, almost as far as Lisbon, Portugal.
		It continued under that name until incorporated into the Kingdom of Castile in 1230, after Ferdinand III became jointking of the two kingdoms.
	www.therfcc.org /kingdom-of-asturias-89667.html (226 words)

	New Castile
		Its northern limit with Old Castile is the Cordillera Central, the string of mountain ranges which runs around the north of Madrid, including the Sierra de Gredos and the Sierra Carpetana, on which El Escorial was built.
		The southern boundary of New Castile is the Sierra Morena in the north of Andalusia, while to west and east it borders on Extremadura and the Valencia region, respectively, the Cuenca Serranía being its geographical limit in the east.
		New Castile's main rivers, the Tagus and the Guadiana, both flow from north-east to south-west, obliged by the Sierra Morena to head for the Atlantic rather than the Mediterranean.
	www.spainforvisitors.com /sections/newcastile.htm (935 words)

	Castiles & Leon
		Ferdinand III, 1199—1252, Spanish king of Castile (1217—52) and León (1230—52), son of Alfonso IX of León and Berenguela of Castile.
		John I (Juan I) of Castile and León (1358-1390), king of Castile and León (1379-1390), he attacked Portugal in an attempt to break the alliance between Portugal and John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, who was claiming the Castilian throne through marriage.
		At the death (1474) of her half brother Henry IV of Castile, the succession to Castile was contested between Isabella and Juana la Beltraneja, who was supported by Alfonso V of Portugal.
	medievalcoins.ancients.info /castiles__leon_history.htm (2329 words)

	Euskal Herria Journal \| A Basque Journal \| Navarre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1512, in the pinnacle of its political, economic, and military power, Castile finally buried its teeth in the throats of the Navarrese and imposed its inquisitorial system to annihilate the resistance.
		Pope Julius II excommunicated the Navarrese, stripped Navarre's monarchs of their kingdom, and ordained Castile as proprietor and master of Navarre -- already weakened by demographic decline (the plague of 1342), civil war, and economic disasters.
		The expansion of the kingdom of Castile, financed with the wealth usurped from Latin America, extended God's reign over the earth while the Crown made deceptive fortunes for a Spanish nobility living in a belated Middle Age.
	www.ehj-navarre.org /navarre/na_history_conquest.html (583 words)

	Encyclopedia: Kingdom-of-Asturias
		Not long afterwards, he inflicted a crushing defeat on the Moors at the Battle of Covadonga, an event that probably took place in the summer of 722, although some sources place it as early as in 718 and others in 721.
		Pelayo founded a dynasty in Asturias that survived for centuries and gradually expanded the kingdom's boundaries until all of northwest Iberia was included by roughly 775.
		It was the headquarters of that legion in the late empire and was a center for trade in gold which was mined at Las M...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kingdom_of_Asturias (818 words)

	Chapter 7: Cortes of Castile-León
		If the other men of his kingdom included representatives of the towns, then it would seem that the king was describing a meeting of the cortes.
		The towns of Castile, León, Extremadura, Andalusia, and Murcia presented separate statements (as for example in the cortes of Valladolid 1293), but evidently consulted one another during their preparation, as the similarity of their proposals makes clear.
		As in Castile, the king might utilize the cortes to promulgate a law code or the assembled estates might take the opportunity to present their petitions to him.
	libro.uca.edu /cortes/cortes7.htm (6968 words)

	Travelling to Castile and Leon - Holiday in Castile and Leon - www.reiswijs.co.uk
		Provinces in Castile and Leon : Avila, Burgos, Leon, Palencia, Salamanca, Segovia, Soria, Valladolid and Zamora
		Valladolid was captured from the Moors in the 10th century; by the 15th century it was the residence of the kings of Castile and remained the capital of the Kingdom of Spain until 1531, when Philip II moved the capital to Madrid.
		In 913 an independent Kingdom of León was founded when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the peninsula shifted their main seat from Oviedo to the city of León.
	www.reiswijs.co.uk /destinations/europe/spain/castile-leon/castile-leon.html (1333 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Castile and Aragon
		The united kingdom which came into existence by the marriage (1469) of Isabella, heiress of Castile, with Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Aragon.
		In the present political division Old Castile comprises a territory of 22,415 square miles, with a population of 1,654,585, and since the division of 1833 it has included the eight provinces of Burgos, Palencia, Valladolid, Avila, Segovia, Soria, Logroño, and Santander.
		(Paris, 1894-99), 194 for bibliography of Aragon, and 604-5 for that of Castile.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03410b.htm (3092 words)

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