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Topic: Kingdom of Ghana

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Fulani Empire

History of Ghana

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Sahel

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Sahelian kingdoms

	Civilizations in Africa: Ghana
		This Berber kingdom would form the model from which all the Sahelian kingdoms would be built.
		In one scenario, the Almoravids destroy the kingdom.
		Nonetheless, Ghana ceases to be a commercial or military power after 1100; for a brief time (1180-1230), the Soso people, who were rabidly anti-Muslim, controlled a kingdom making up the southern portions of the Ghanaian empire, but the Almoravid revolution effectively halted the growth of kingdoms and empires in the Sahel for almost a century.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CIVAFRCA/GHANA.HTM (715 words)

	Ghana - MSN Encarta
		Ghana is also a founding member of the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
		The first of these states was the Kingdom of Ghana, which emerged as early as 500 ad, expanded greatly by the 9th century, and collapsed in the 11th century.
		The ancestors of today’s Akan speakers settled in the forest region of central Ghana by the 13th century and became involved in the prosperous trade with the north by the 15th century.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570799_8/Ghana.html (891 words)

	www.ghana.co.uk - History & Culture
		The origins of Ghana are not certain, but at the start of the first millennium AD a number of clans of the Soninke people, a Mande speaking people living in the region bordering the Sahara, came together under the leadership of Dinga Cisse.
		Ancient Ghana derived power and wealth from gold and the introduction of the camel during the Trans-Saharan trade increased the quantity of goods that were transported.
		This snake demanded an annual sacrifice in return for guaranteeing prosperity in the Kingdom, therefore each year a virgin was offered up for sacrifice, until one year, the fiancé (Mamadou Sarolle) of the intended victim rescued her.
	www.ghana.co.uk /history/history/ancient_ghana.htm (658 words)

	Welcome to the Republic of Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ghana is the first African country south of the Sahara to achieve independence in 1957.
		Ghana lies at the heart of a region which has been leading sub-Saharan African culture since the first millennium BC in metal-working, mining, sculpture and agriculture.
		Ghana spearheaded the political advancement of Africa and Dr. Nkrumah laid the foundations for the unity later expressed in the formation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU).
	www.ghana.gov.gh /visiting/ghana/history.php (1806 words)

	Ghana - Kingdom Life Prophetic Church Ministries
		Ghana, located off the coast of West Africa and sandwiched in between Togo and Cote d'Ivoire gained its independence from Britain in 1957.
		Ghana has a population of almost 22 million of whom over 75% are literate.
		Tbe church in Ghana was spearheaded by western missionaries in the nineteenth century.
	www.kingdomlifepm.org /Ghana.php (423 words)

	Ghana
		The Republic of Ghana which lies on geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 2 00 W, is almost in the middle of countries on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa.
		It is bordered by the Republic of Togo on the east, The Ivory Coast on the west, Burkina Faso on the north and the Gulf of Guinea on the south.
		Ghana covers a total area of 238,540 sq km; this is made up of 230,020 sq km of land and 8,520 sq km of water.
	pirate.shu.edu /~adjeisam/favorite.htm (3541 words)

	Ghana History Timeline - historic overview of Ghana (Gold Coast), Africa
		The 13th century: The Kingdom of Ghana is conquered by the Kingdom of Melle.
		In modern-day Ghana the fort is the residence and office of the president.
		Ghana is the leading cocoa exporter in the world and produces one tenth of the world's gold.
	crawfurd.dk /africa/ghana_timeline.htm (3964 words)

	Kingdom ghana
		Further, www.look-for-ghana.com would clarify for you concerning kingdom ghana and the complete region surrounding Ghana and kingdom ghana.
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		Ghana images are licensed from World66.com under, and are hereby subject to, the Creative Commons License.
	www.look-for-ghana.com /Dances-Ghana/kingdom-ghana.html (154 words)

	Ghana
		Ghana's population is concentrated along the coast and in the principal cities of Accra and Kumasi.
		Ghana intends to achieve its goals of accelerated economic growth, improved quality of life for all Ghanaians, and reduced poverty through macroeconomic stability, higher private investment, broad-based social and rural development, as well as direct poverty-alleviation efforts.
		Ghana was the first country in the world to accept Peace Corps volunteers, and the program remains one of the largest.
	clinton3.nara.gov /Africa/ghana.html (4941 words)

	Ghana Life
		Ghana is the first fl African colony to gain independence and until independence from the British colonial rule on March 6, 1957, Ghana was known as the Gold Coast.
		Ghana's population was estimated to be 17,080,000 in 1994.
		Ghana's independent commercial radio are coming to their own after the government's Frequency Registration and Control Board granted the first FM license to a small college radio station.
	www.library.yale.edu /~fboateng/fbhp.htm (2201 words)

	Ghana
		Ghana's population is concentrated along the coast and in the principal cities of Accraand Kumasi.
		The Gold Coast was renamed Ghana uponindependence in 1957 because of indications that present-day inhabitants descended frommigrants who moved south from the ancient kingdom of Ghana.
		Ghana's government returned to civilian authority under the Second Republic in October1969 after a parliamentary election in which the Progress Party, led by Kofi A. Busia, won105 of the 140 seats.
	clinton4.nara.gov /Africa/ghana.html (4675 words)

	Ghana - THE PRECOLONIAL PERIOD
		Strictly speaking, ghana was the title of the king, but the Arabs, who left records of the kingdom, applied the term to the king, the capital, and the state.
		Although none of the states of the western Sudan controlled territories in the area that is modern Ghana, several small kingdoms that later developed in the north of the country were ruled by nobles believed to have immigrated from that region.
		The trans-Saharan trade that contributed to the expansion of kingdoms in the western Sudan also led to the development of contacts with regions in northern modern Ghana and in the forest to the south.
	countrystudies.us /ghana/5.htm (1379 words)

	Ghana Brief
		Indeed for the traveller, Ghana is that latter-day unknown, unexplored and certainly unexploited destination which abounds in an unbelievable array of excitingly striking attractions, succinctly distinctive and peculiar to each of the ten regions in Ghana.
		The centuries-old traditions of the people of Ghana and the diversity of the distinct ethnic groups, have created a rich culture that is the splendid legacy of modern Ghana.
		Ghana has a tropical climate, characterised most of the year by moderate temperatures generally 21-32°C (70-90°F), constant breeze and sunshine.
	insighttravel.tripod.com /id2.html (1645 words)

	Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Government of Ghana therefore considers the end of the third millennium an important event which should be fittingly celebrated and decided upon a number of activities to be undertaken to mark this event, some of these in conjunction with the only other English-speaking country through which the 0 Meridian passes, the United Kingdom.
		Ghana's geographical position is especially remarkable, since the important port and industrial city of Tema is the last southern point at 0 degree Longitude on the African landmass.
		Tema and Greenwich, the University of Ghana and the University of Greenwich.
	www.millenniumworld.org /Africa/ghana.html (834 words)

	Ghana Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The introduction of the camel and other forms of livestock by Arabs brought about a revolution in trade, and for the first time, the extensive gold, ivory, and salt resources of the region could be sent north and east to population centers in North Africa, the Middle East and Europe in exchange for manufactured goods.
		Relatively little is known about the kingdom, with most information coming from Andalusian traders who frequently visited the country, and from the Almoravids, who invaded the kingdom in the late 11th century.
		The religion of the kingdom involved emperor worship of the Ghana and worship of the Bida, a mythical sea serpent of the Niger.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghana_Empire (1405 words)

	HistoryWiz: A Glimpse of Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The city of Ghana consists of two towns lying on a plain, one of which is inhabited by Muslims and is large, possessing twelve mosques-one of which is a congregational mosque for Friday prayer; each has its imam, its muezzin and paid reciters of the Quran.
		Ghana is the title of the kings of this people, while the name of their country is Aoukar [Wagadu in surviving traditions, however].
		The king [of Ghana] exacts the right of one dinar of gold on each donkey-load of salt that enters his country, and two dinars of gold on each load of salt that goes out.
	www.historywiz.com /primarysources/glimpseofghana.htm (607 words)

	Kingdom of Ghana
		The earliest of the west African states to develop was Ghana.
		Ghana was to the north of the Upper Niger river on the trade routes that carried salt and gold across the Sahara to the Mediterranean Sea.
		It was first mentioned in 833 AD by the Arab historian Kwarizmi, and described in great detail about two hundred years later when the Almoravids of North Africa captured Aoudaghast, a minor city of Ghana.
	library.thinkquest.org /C002739/AfricaSite/LMwestghana.htm (184 words)

	FACT SHEET: The Republic of Ghana at a Glance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The history of the Gold Coast before the last quarter of the 15th century is derived primarily from oral tradition that refers to migrations from the ancient kingdoms of the western Sudan, the area of Mauritania and Mali.
		The Gold Coast was renamed Ghana upon independence in 1957 because of indications that present-day inhabitants descended from migrants who moved south from the ancient kingdom of Ghana.
		Ghana is an illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /deploy/info/africa/ghana/index.shtml (1136 words)

	Ghana (10/06)
		Ghana reached HIPC completion point in July 2004 and total relief from all of Ghana's creditors will be approximately $3.5 billion over 20 years.
		Ghana’s stated goals are to accelerate economic growth, improve the quality of life for all Ghanaians, and reduce poverty through macroeconomic stability, higher private investment, broad-based social and rural development, as well as direct poverty-alleviation efforts.
		Ghana has been extremely active in international peacekeeping activities under UN auspices in Lebanon, Afghanistan, Rwanda, the Balkans, and Pakistan, in addition to an 8-year subregional initiative with its ECOWAS partners to develop and then enforce a cease-fire in Liberia.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2860.htm (6867 words)

	GHANA
		The kingdoms of Nubia, Meroe, Axum, Mali and Zanzibar had all practiced slavery as part of their social and economic order.
		In the sixteenth and seventeen centuries, the Asante were engaged in the agricultural development of the rain forests of Ghana.
		King Trudo conquered Abomey and the kingdoms of Allada and Ouidah (1724-1727).
	www.internetpuppets.org /afrghana.html (981 words)

	FT.com / Reports / Ghana 2005
		Ghana’s recent economic and governance record sets it apart in West Africa, but its performance falls short of its promise.
		The heartland of the ancient Ashanti kingdom, modern Ghana is a union of the former British colony of the Gold Coast and the British-administered part of the UN Trust Territory of Togoland.
		Multiparty democracy was embraced in 1992, and the handover of power to the main opposition party in 2000 confirmed the shift from a recent history of intermittent military rule.
	www.ft.com /reports/ghana2005 (263 words)

	Political History of Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ghana lies at the heart of a region which has been leading sub-Saharan African culture since the first millenium BC in metal-working mining, sculpture and agriculture.
		One of the great sudanic states which dominate African history, the kingdom of Ghana controlled the gold trade between the min- ing areas to the south and the Saharan trade routes to the north.
		The Ghana armed forces again took over the reins of gov- ernment on 13th January 1972, and Colonel (later General) Ignatius Kutu Acheampong became the Head of State and Chairman of the National Redemption Council (NRC).
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/republic/polit_hist.php (2235 words)

	GHANA
		Ghana organized and protected the salt, horse, cloth, and above all the gold, caravans passing through its domain.
		Ghana whose roots lie in the 4th century reached the peak of its power in the 11th.
		By the 12th century, however, Ghana's fortunes were eclipsed by Mali to the north which, in turn, was eventually overshadowed by the kingdom of Songhai, to its north, which lasted into the 1600s.
	www.cwo.com /~lucumi/ghana.html (997 words)

	All Nations Grace Bible Church, Ghana - Homepage
		Ghana, originally Gold Coast, became the first fl African nation to become independent on 6th March, 1957 from British colonial rule.
		Ghana operates the Presidential system of government with President John Agyekum Kufour as the current Head of State, with Accra being the capital city, and the seat of government.
		Ghana has experienced a steady economic recovery since 1984 with an average GDP growth of 5% per annum.
	www.ourchurch.com /view/?pageID=122462 (782 words)

	The Empires of the Western Sudan: Ghana Empire \| Thematic Essay \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ghana (Wagadu), the earliest known empire of the western Sudan, first entered the historical consciousness of North Africa near the end of the eighth century but probably originated long before.
		Ghana's preeminence faded toward the end of the eleventh century, when its power was broken by a long struggle with the
		Ghana subsequently fell to the expanding Soso kingdom.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/ghan/hd_ghan.htm (369 words)

	Ghana
		The peaceful transition of power was celebrated in Ghana and hailed as exemplary throughout the world, especially by the country's regional neighbors who vowed to support and collaborate with the new leader.
		In his inaugural speech, he stated clearly that "Ghana is open for business," sending a clear message to the international business community about his government's openness and the vital role that the private sector can play in the nation's development.
		In an unprecedented visit, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II, King of the Asante Kingdom of Ghana, is currently touring several U.S. cities and states, upon the request and invitation of a number of mayors and governors, to promote mutual exchange, investments and goodwill.
	www.internationalspecialreports.com /africa/01/ghana (1637 words)

	Ghana Kingdom of - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ghana, Kingdom of, medieval west African state in what is now east Senegal, south-eastern Mauritania and south-western Mali sometime before the 8th...
		United Kingdom, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, island nation and constitutional monarchy in north-western...
		Ghana’s principal exports are gold, cocoa, and timber; its principal imports are raw materials, capital equipment, petroleum, and food.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Ghana_Kingdom_of.html (101 words)

	Kingdom Of Mali
		The small state of Kangaba, led by Sundiata Keita, defeated the nearby kingdom of Susu at the Battle of Kirina in 1235.
		West African history hardly begins with Mali, which was preceded not only by the kingdom of Ghana, but also by centuries of formation of other states in the vast region between the Atlantic and the upper Niger.
		One such dependent kingdom was Mali, which had fallen under Soso control by the first quarter of the thirteenth century.
	www.geocities.com /ps5kingdoms/Mali (1021 words)

	Pre-colonial history of Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Archaeological work also suggests that central Ghana north of the forest zone was inhabited as early as 3,000 to 4,000 years ago.
		Ghana succumbed to attacks by its neighbours in the eleventh century, but its name and reputation endured.
		Although none of the states of the western Sudan controlled territories in the area that is modern Ghana, several small Kingdoms that later developed in the north of the country were ruled by nobles believed to have emigrated from that region.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/history/pre-colonial.php (1355 words)

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