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	Northumbria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and of the much smaller earldom which succeeded the kingdom.
		The name reflects that of the southern limit to the kingdom's territory, which was the River Humber, and in the 12th century writings of Henry of Huntingdon the kingdom was defined as one of the Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
		Northumbria was originally composed of the union of two independent kingdoms, Bernicia and Deira.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria (1674 words)

	Mercia
		Penda was succeeded first by his son Peada, but in the spring of 656 Oswiu king of Northumbria assumed control of the whole of Mercia.
		In 874, Danish armies invaded the region, and in 886, the eastern part of the kingdom became part of the Danelaw, while the western portion was occupied by Wessex.
		For knowledge of the internal composition of the kingdom of Mercia, we must rely on a document of uncertain age, the Tribal Hidage[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/me/Mercia.html (676 words)

	Edwin of Northumbria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Regardless of the exact course of events, Raedwald faced Æthelfrith in battle by the river Idle in 616, and Æthelfrith was killed, along with Raedwald's son Raegenhere.
		Paulinus's decision to flee Northumbria at Edwin's death, unlike his acolyte James who remained in Northumbria for many years afterwards until his death, suggests that the conversion was not popular, and the senior Italian cleric unloved.
		Thereafter, with the exception of Oswine son of Osric, power in Northumbria was in the hands of the Idings, the descendants of Ida of Bernicia, until the middle of the 8th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria (2352 words)

	Danelagh - LoveToKnow Watches
		The three chief divisions of the Danelagh were (1) the kingdom of Northumbria, (2) the kingdom of East Anglia, (3) the district of the Five (Danish) Boroughs - lands grouped round Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Stamford and Lincoln, and forming a loose confederacy.
		After an interregnum consequent on the death of Healfdene the kingdom passed in 883 to one Guthred, son of Hardicanute, who ruled till 894, when his realm was taken over by King Alfred, though probably only under a very loose sovereignty.
		It may be noted here that Northumbria north of the Tyne, the old Bernicia, seems never to have passed under Danish authority and rule, but to have remained in independence until the general submission to Edward in 924.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Danelagh (921 words)

	Northumbria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Northumbria was one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England, named because it was to the north of the River Humber.
		Northumbria was founded in 604 by the union of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia.
		Initially the Northumbria was Christianized by monks from the Celtic Church, and this led to a flowering of monastic life, with a unique style of religious art that combined Anglo-Saxon and Celtic.
	home.comcast.net /~desilva22/northumbria.htm (656 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Northumbria, kingdom of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Northumbria, kingdom of NORTHUMBRIA, KINGDOM OF [Northumbria, kingdom of], one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England.
		East Anglia EAST ANGLIA [East Anglia], kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England, comprising the modern counties of Norfolk and Suffolk.
		Edwin EDWIN [Edwin] or Eadwin, 585?-632, king of Northumbria (616-32), The son and heir of Ælla, king of Deira, he was kept from his inheritance by Æthelfrith.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/09376.html (427 words)

	Kingdom of Northumbria (Anglo-Saxon Age) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was unlikely to stop Acha's brother Edwin from claiming the kingdom of Deira but it was too dangerous for Edwin to remain in Northumbria and he sought protection at the court of King Cearl of Mercia (an Angle kingdom based in the Midlands).
		Wilfrid was banished from Northumbria and John of Beverley was reinstated as Bishop of Hexham.
		The age of Bede was something of a heyday for the Kingdom of Northumbria, but in the late eighth century Northumbria was plagued with weak leadership and collapsed into a state of anarchy caused by rivalry between the royal houses of Deira and Bernicia.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /KingdomofNorthumbria.htm (6552 words)

	[No title]
		At its height, the Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria was vast, encompassing all the land between the River Humber and the Firth of Forth, although the western side of Northumbria had a coast on the Irish Sea only between the Ribble and the Lune.
		Two kingdoms emerged in the north from the settlers joining with the native British - Bernicia ("of the mountains") in the north and Deira ("of the waters") in the south.
		Northumbria retained the power it had gained under the Danes - the earl Siward became involved in Scottish politics and fought against Macbeth; and the next earl was the brother of a king of England.
	www.durenmar.de /viduavasta/tribunal/northumberland.htm (2691 words)

	northumbria
		Comprising the 6th- century kingdoms of Bernicia (Forth-Tees) and Deira (Tees-Humber), united in the 7th century, it accepted the supremacy of Wessex in 827 and was conquered by the Danes in the late 9th century.
		Edwin (in Latin, Aeduinus) (585?-633), Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria (616-33), a territory in northern England and southern Scotland.
		After his death the kingdom of Northumbria fell apart, and Christianity was for a time extinguished in northern England.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/northumbria.htm (432 words)

	AllRefer.com - Northumbria, kingdom of (British And Irish Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Northumbria, kingdom of[nOrthum´brE´u] Pronunciation Key, one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England.
		It was originally composed of two independent kingdoms divided by the Tees River, Bernicia (including modern E Scotland, Berwick, Roxburgh, E Northumberland, and Durham) and Deira (including the North and East Ridings of Yorkshire), both settled by invading Angles c.500.
		Edwin was killed by Cadwallon of the Welsh kingdom of Gwynned, an ally of Penda of Mercia.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Nrthmbkng.html (436 words)

	Mercia
		Mercia was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy, in what is now England, in the region of the Midlands.
		Penda was succeeded first by his son Peada, but in the spring of 656 Oswiu assumed control of the whole of Mercia.
		The Danes drove Burgred, the last king of Mercia from his kingdom in 874 and in 886, the eastern part of the kingdom became part of the Danelaw, while the western portion was occupied by Wessex.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/m/me/mercia.html (866 words)

	Anglo Saxon Royalty
		It later merged with the kingdom of Bernicia (Brythonic, "Brynaich") to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
		Northumbria was one of the Anglo - Saxon kingdoms in England, named from lying north of the River Humber.
		Egbert II is the last recorded English king of Northumbria, much of which comes under the rule of the Scandinavian kings of York.
	www.hullwebs.co.uk /content/c-anglo-saxon/royals (1702 words)

	NORTHUMBRIA
		Northumbria had been from the early seventh century a major political and cultural force within the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy.
		However, by the ninth century Northumbria was in terminal decline and after periods of civil war quickly fell victim to the Danish Viking invaders that overran the the kingdom in A.D. A curious feature of the late Northumbrian kingdom was its coinage of copper stycas or debased Sceats.
		Northumbria's archaic base metal coinage was unique in northern Europe where broad flan silver pennies had been in use in the southern England and in the Carolingian Empire since the late eighth century.
	www.yorkcoins.com /northumbria.htm (908 words)

	Kingdom of Northumbria (Viking Age) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Firstly the Vikings, despite their paganism, were deeply intrigued by the mysticism and miracles associated with the relics of saints and in a superstitious age were quite open to tales of miraculous powers.
		Secondly the encouragement of a religious community with its roots deeply planted in Northumbria's golden age of Christianity may have encouraged the Angles of Bernicia to support the Danes or at least be less hostile towards them.
		But this new unification of Northumbria was not enough to prevent the Danish threat and by 1013 Swein Forkbeard, King of Denmark entered the Humber and encamped at Gainsborough.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /VikingNorthumbria.htm (4658 words)

	Bernicia - LoveToKnow 1911
		BERNICIA, the northern of the two English kingdoms which were eventually united in the kingdom of Northumbria.
		Its territory is said to have stretched from the Tyne northwards, ultimately reaching the Forth, while its western frontier was gradually extended at the expense of the Welsh.
		ZEthelfrith, king of Bernicia, united Deira to his own kingdom, probably about 605, and the union continued under his successor Edwin, son of Ella or Ælle, king of Deira.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Bernicia (170 words)

	Bernicia
		It later merged with the kingdom of Deira to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
		Its territory is said to have stretched from the Tyne northwards, ultimately reaching the Firth of Forth, while its western frontier was gradually extended westward, encroaching on the Cumbric[?] speaking kingdoms of Rheged, Gododdin and Dunbarton[?].
		Bernicia was again separate from Deira under Eanfrith[?], son of Aethelfrith (633—634), after which date the kings of Bernicia were supreme in Northumbria, though for a short time under Oswiu Deira had a king of its own.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/be/Bernicia.html (179 words)

	Ancient Ancestors
		The Kingdom of Northumbria was formed in 603 by the uniting of two kingdoms, Bernicia to the north and Deira to the south.It was the dominant power in Britain for 300 years before England and Scotland were nations, Northumbria was an Anglo-Celtic nation in many ways.
		Northumbria stretched from the Humber river in the south to the Forth in the north and the beautiful Scottish capital city of Edinburgh is named after one of the great Northumbrian kings,Edwin.
		Cuthbert became the Bishop of Northumbria and later became a hermit on the nearby Inner Farne island.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /nepride/page1.html (685 words)

	The Ancient Kingdom of Elmet
		The short lived British kingdom of Dunoting (Craven) is believed to have formed the north-western boundary of Elmet.
		In the fifth century, the Anglo-Saxons occupying territory to the east of Elmet (the East Riding) formed the Kingdom of Deira, those to the north Bernicia, whilst the Angles of Mercia lay in the south and Midlands.
		The group occupying the former Celtic kingdom of Elmet - the Elmed Saetna, the Elmet dwellers - was rated at 600 hides, being placed with 'the Peak Dwellers' with 1200 hides and 'the men of Lindsey-with-Hatfield' with 7000 hides.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/FeaturesBritain/BritishElmet.htm (3116 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Oswald
		Oswald's victory reunited the Northumbrian Kingdom not only because he delivered it from the humiliating yoke of the Mercians and Britons, but also because on his father's side he was a descendant of Ida of Bernicia and on his mother's of the royal house of Ella of Deira.
		Oswald was thoroughly grounded in the principles of the Christian religion, and, though but twelve nobles with whom he returned from exile were Christians, far from abandoning his faith, his first care was to spread it among the Bernicians, thus confirming the political union effected by Edwin with a religious union unknown before.
		The kingdom of the East Angles, which was still Christian, but acknowledged Penda as overlord, was necessary to Oswald to maintain the connection between his dominions in the north and the south.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11348c.htm (1197 words)

	The Kingdom of Northumbria
		Northumbria specifically lay to the north of it.
		By this date, then, the location of the two components of Northumbria was established as being between the Humber estuary and the Firth of Forth.
		Caer Efrog as York would have been regarded as the capital of Northumbria; given the confusion in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle over the early history of Northumbria – it fails to recognise that there were originally two separate kingdoms – it is quite conceivable that an English writer of the 940s would have been similarly confused.
	www.kmatthews.org.uk /arthuriana/northumbria.html (1192 words)

	Northumbria, 500—1100 - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The story is set in a wider European context so that the history of Northumbria is seen as paradigmatic for an understanding of state formation and religious and cultural change in the early medieval world.
		Full attention is given to archaeological and art-historical material, and the extent to which narrative sources were shaped by sectional interests and created imagined visions of the past.
		The kingdom of Northumbria: frontiers and heartlands; Part II.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521813352 (321 words)

	NUFWS - Northumbria
		The heartland of the Kingdom of Northumbria was the area between the rivers Tweed and Tees: modern-day Northeast England.
		In its heydey, Northumbria was one of the leading states of Europe, and its cultural contribution to the early medivael world should not be under-estimated.
		One point that is often something of a confusion is the distinction between Northumbria and Northumberland.
	www.societies.ncl.ac.uk /fellwalkers/trips/northumb?C=N;O=D (113 words)

	Christian Heritage Northumberland Northumbria England UK GB (page 208) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The middle and east of Britain was settled by a Germanic tribe known as the Angles whilst south Britain was conquered by the Saxons.
		The merging of two Angle kingdoms in the early 7th century (Bernicia and Deira) led to the creation of a new Kingdom with its capital at Bamburgh.
		The kingdom was soon acknowledged as the most important of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy, (the 7 English kingdom's of that time).
	www.northumberland.gov.uk /vg/goldenag.html (1582 words)

	The Isle of Influence - Scotland and Wales
		Soon after the arrival of the Angles and the Saxons, the southern most part of the Pictish lands was overrun by the new invaders: it became the kingdom of Northumbria.
		The invaders were however dramatically defeated, leading to a weakening of the kingdom of Northumbria from which they never recovered.
		The remaining northern Scottish kingdom was wracked by further internal dissent with kings and pretenders to the crown being killed or killing their opponents in an endless circle of violent factionalism.
	www.white-history.com /hwr28iii.htm (2689 words)

	Northumbria Region
		The ancient Kingdom of Northumbria included part of Southern Scotland and Northern England bounded by the Pennines in the west.
		The boundaries varied over the years but roughly encompassed the 6th century Anglo Saxon Kingdoms of Bernica (Forth to the River Tees) and Deira (River Tees to the Humber) which were united in the 7th century.
		The Northumbria Region of U3A is part of the national and international University of the Third Age which exists to fulfil the needs and aspirations of its members who have retired from working life, but are still active.
	www.nru3a.co.uk (195 words)

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