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Topic: Kingdom of Redonda

	strange maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Redonda’s highest point measures 296 m, pretty tall for an island this small – reports of Redonda’s land area vary from 1.6 to 2.6 km².
		Redonda’s economic relevance to the world reached a high point in the decades after 1860, when its guano deposits were mined for fertiliser, yielding about 7.000 tons annually.
		Redonda came in the news in mid-2007 when the Wellington Pub in Southampton, England, attempted to declare itself an ‘embassy’ of the uninhabited island in order to gain diplomatic immunity from a nationwide smoking ban on enclosed workplaces, including pubs.
	strangemaps.wordpress.com (11877 words)

	Redonda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Redonda is an uninhabited island dependency of Antigua and Barbuda.
		The island was claimed by Matthew Dowdy Shiell as the Kingdom of Redonda.
		Kingdom of Redonda -- asserts that Robert Williamson is the current king
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Redonda (175 words)

	Kingdom of Redonda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of Redonda was a briefly independent kingdom.
		The island of Redonda - an uninhabited island in the Leeward Islands, West Indies of approximately 1 square mile - is now part of Antigua and Barbuda.
		Kingdom of Redonda, operated by king Robert the Bald
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kingdom_of_Redonda (458 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Redonda
		It is also a micronation called the Kingdom of Redonda.
		Ruins of the installations survive on Redonda, but the island is now abandoned, and has become a refuge for sea-birds, reptiles, a herd of goats and a colony of burrowing owls recently displaced from Antigua, under whose jurisdiction it remains.
		Following precedents going back over sixty years, the present King of Redonda is pledged by the terms of his Irrevocable Covenant to maintain and extend the Intellectual Aristocracy of the Kingdom, to preserve and develop the Realm itself for posterity and to keep the memories of M.P.Shiell and John Gawsworth green.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Redonda (576 words)

	Redonda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Offers a brief history of the kingdom, legal aspects and opposing claims to the kingdom and the island, and legal documents asserting full claim to the kingdom.
		Kingdom of Redonda Official site of claimant, Bob Williamson, King Robert The Bald.
		Redonda Island Photos of the island, directions, maps, history, and area information.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Redonda.html (366 words)

	Micronation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands is a micronation established in 2004 as a symbolic political protest by a group of gay rights activists based in southeast Queensland Australia.
		One of the most recent examples of a micronation is the "Königreich Kreuzberg" (Kingdom of Kreuzberg) which was founded in 2002 by Christel Göritz and her son Rick in Zweibrücken, Germany, on land previously occupied by a U.S. military base.
		The Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands, founded in June 2004 on the uninhabited Coral Sea Islands off the coast of Queensland, in response to the Australian government's refusal to recognize same-sex marriage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Micronation (4902 words)

	Redonda (Antigua and Barbuda)
		Redonda is a desert islet of 1.6 square km (only 1.3 according to Encyclopaedia Universalis) belonging to Antigua-and-Barbuda.
		The Kingdom of Redonda was proclaimed on July 1865 by the Irish negociant Matthew Dowdy Shiel from Montserrat.
		There are various pretenders for the kingdom of Redonda and that is why various flags exist.
	flagspot.net /flags/ag-rd.html (794 words)

	EducationGuardian.co.uk \| higher news \| Scottish academic joins island's 'literary nobility'
		Redonda, which is north-west of Montserrat, is one mile long and a third of a mile wide.
		Redonda was discovered in 1493 by Christopher Columbus and has long been associated with a remarkable and eccentric history.
		The island was bought in 1865 by an Irish trader, and evolved into a kingdom ruled from a distance by eccentric individuals.
	education.guardian.co.uk /higher/news/story/0,9830,1155041,00.html (294 words)

	Micronation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Less successful were the Kingdom of Araucania Patagonia (1860 - 1862) in southern Chile and Argentina and the Kingdom of Sedang (1888 - 1890) in French Indochina.
		The oldest extant micronation to arise modern times is the Kingdom of Redonda in 1865 in the Caribbean.
		The Kingdom of EnenKio which claims Wake in the Marshall Islands has been deemed a scam for passports and diplomatic papers by the governments the Marshall Islands and of the United States.
	www.freeglossary.com /Micronation (1982 words)

	The Lost Club
		The career of John Gawsworth (1912-70), poet, editor, bibliographer and third King of Redonda, may be viewed as a cautionary tale for Lost Club monographists.
		Nowadays he is remembered more for this energetic proselytzing and as Juan I of Redonda than for his prolific versifying.
		It seemed that he had designed a Royal Coat of Arms for the King of Redonda, and now all the dukes of the Realm were clamouring for designs of their own, and he couldn't cope.
	homepages.pavilion.co.uk /users/tartarus/gawsworth.html (1006 words)

	Detective Fiction on Stamps: Disney Detectives
		In 1872, the island was annexed by Britain and came under the jurisdiction of the colony of Antigua, despite protests from the Shiells.
		The island was never inhabited although for some years guano was extracted by the Redonda Phosphate Company until the works were blown away by a hurricane...
		...Meanwhile, on Redonda, all is much the same for the goats, lizards and sea birds, who live an undisturbed life apart from the occasional bird watcher who might come to find the burrowing owl, now extinct on Antigua.
	www.trussel.com /detfic/disney.htm (765 words)

	REDONDA [ARTÍCULOS]
		King Philip I of Redonda, seventy-two years of age, runs six miles every day through the Sussex countryside, grows cabbages, roses and Michaelmas daisies in front of his cottage near Horsham.
		So one day around 1880, my father and I annexed the island of Redonda, and I was crowned King Philip I. "We set out with a great fleet I don't know how many ships my father owned and a good many of the population of Montserrat came in still more ships to see the fun.
		The King of Redonda -all the Leeward and the Windward Isles are now one British Colony under a Governor- came to Europe and Matthew Phipps Shiel, who is now aged 72, has found fame not only as a scholar and philosopher, but also in his leisure hours as a writer of highly imaginative thrillers.
	www.javiermarias.es /REDONDIANA/redondaarticles.html (3723 words)

	The SF Site Featured Review: Works by and about M.P. Shiel
		His father, a ship-owner, shopkeeper, and lay Methodist preacher had laid claim to the small rocky Leeward island of Redonda, of which his son was crowned king on his 15th birthday.
		Much more amusing is some 150 pages on Redonda, the small rocky West Indian island Shiel was crowned king of as a teenager (see author blurb).
		In a final portion, there is a discussion of Shiel's collaboration with adventure writer Louis Tracy on some detective novels, along with an bibliography of Tracy's works.
	www.sfsite.com /06b/mpv130.htm (802 words)

	Kingdom of Redonda official web site.
		Court Circular for June 2000, keep up to date with the latest news from the royal court.
		What happened a long time ago...and stuff not so long ago...but all of it is in the past.
		A song with words about the Royal Kingdom that people sing when the king is around.
	www.antiguanice.com /redonda (170 words)

	Cruising the Caribees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The island of Redonda has been known ever since Columbus as a landmark for ships, and lately for yachts sailing up and down the Eastern Caribbean.
		King Felipe died in London in 1947 and was succeeded by the poet John Gawsworth, who was crowned King Juan I. Gawsworth reigned over his minuscule kingdom until the year of our Lord 1970 when he in turn died, at the age of 58, some say of drink.
		Everyone present received a title, and the Redonda flag was planted again: blue for the sea, brown for the soil (or perhaps for the man-eating rats), and green for the vegetation (or for the crew’s complexions).
	www.cruisingthecaribees.com /king.htm (1403 words)

	Giornale Nuovo: The Kings of Redonda
		It was only some five years later that King Xavier laid any public claim to the Redondan crown, to the dismay of King Leo of Redonda, who had considered himself the King since 1989.
		Gawsworth attempted to sell his kingdom to a member of the Swedish Royal Family, but the sale was never concluded.
		Matthew Dowdy Shiell, a wealthy trader of Irish descent from the Caribbean island of Montserrat, had claimed the ‘rocky and uninhabitable remnant of an extinct volcanic cone’ as his own in 1865, to celebrate the birth of his first and only son: he already had nine daughters.
	www.spamula.net /blog/2004/06/the_kings_of_redonda.html (1488 words)

	Micronation
		It failed to establish itself as a "real" country, but has nonetheless managed to survive into the present day as a unique literary foundation with its own king and aristocracy - although it isn't without its controversies; there are presently at least four competing claimants to the Redondan throne.
		The use of grand-sounding titles, awards, honours and heraldic symbols derived from European feudal traditions and the conduct of "wars" with other micronations are common manifestations of their activites.
		Given that most people are inculcated with an unquestioning respect and obedience for governments and their symbols from an early age it is probably not surprising that certain unscrupulous individuals have sought to derive personal financial benefit from the gullible by establishing micronational entities that have a fraudulent intent.
	www.termsdefined.net /mi/micronation.html (2393 words)

	Micronation - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		These include the Cocos-Keeling Islands, ruled by the Clunies-Ross family, and Sarawak, ruled by the "White Rajahs" of the Brooke family; both were independent personal fiefdoms in all but name, and survived until well into the 20th century.
		Less successful were the Long Republic (1819–1820), in what is now the US state of Texas, the Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia (1860–62) in southern Chile and Argentina, and the Kingdom of Sedang (1888–90) in French Indochina.
		The Gay Kingdom, founded in June 2004 on the uninhabited Coral Sea Islands off the coast of Queensland, in response to the Australian government's refusal to recognize same-sex marriage.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Micronationalism (2708 words)

	Kindom of Redonda History.
		The island of Redonda has been known ever since Columbus as a marker for ships and lately yachts sailing up and down the Eastern Caribbean.
		He spends time promoting the idea of Redonda as being a symbol of all the unspoiled places that should be spared the attentions of man, and there may yet be a poetry prize sponsored by him.
		Thus a new Kingdom, friendly to all, especially Cuba, Bhutan, and the islands of Antigua and Barbuda, has appeared in the Caribbean.
	www.antiguanice.com /redonda/history.htm (1209 words)

	Micronation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Harman owner of the UK of Lundy in the early decades of the 20th century issued private coinage and postage stamps local use.
		The Kingdom of Anse-Saint-Jean started to promote tourism in a Quebec town.
		Beaver Island in Lake Michigan was an unrecognized Mormon kingdom from 1848 to 1856 until leader James Strang was assassinated by disgruntled followers.
	www.freeglossary.com /Micronationalism (1982 words)

	Micronation - Lirpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It was started by Ben Madison as the Kingdom of Talossa, but today exists primarily as the Republic Of Talossa, a micronation based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
		These micronations also tend to be fairly serious, and involve significant numbers of people interested in recreating the past, especially the Roman or Medieval past, and living it in a vicarious way.
		Kingdom of Zarahemla, a kingdom in exile awaiting the advance of technology to reclaim homeland in space.
	www.kapitalism.net /wiki/index.php?title=Micronation (3056 words)

	LA MUJER DE HUGUENIN -M. P. Shiel-
		Redonda lleva demasiado tiempo siendo sólo aire, humo y polvo para querer buscarle otro destino.
		Redonda in the West Indies is chiefly interesting for its total insignificance.
		Though Columbus called it "the Round" (Redonda), it is in fact oval: one mile along and a third as wide.
	www.javiermarias.es /REDONDIANA/lamujerdehuguenin.html (2383 words)

	Cabinet Magazine Online - New Foundlands
		On the king’s stately mind was one thought—the invasion of the Republic of Minerva, located 270 miles to the west of his country’s capital, Nuku'alofa.
		For while uncertain territories like the Realm of Redonda might not be locatable in your atlas, they do claim a very genuine existence in reality, maintaining geographical boundaries, flaunting governmental structures, and displaying the ultimate necessity for any new nation: flags.
		With the apparent consent of his Indian hosts, he immediately declared himself King Orelie-Antonie of the Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia, wrote a national hymn, designed a flag, and posted notices in the Chilean newspapers telling of the foundation of the new Araucanian kingdom.
	www.cabinetmagazine.org /issues/18/newfoundlands.php (2974 words)

	Travel Outward: Destinations: Antigua - Barbuda - Redonda, Caribbean Islands
		Anchoring at Redonda is difficult, as the surrounding waters are quite deep and the ocean floor there is very rocky.
		There are a few birds (such as the burrowing owl), goats, and other animals on Redonda, which is maintained as protected parkland by the Antiguan government, but the last semi-permanent human activity there--an American aluminum phosphate mine--closed its doors in 1914.
		Currently, the most exciting thing associated with the island is the long-running claim of royal ownership (of the "Kingdom of Redonda") that began in 1865, when Matthew Shiell "claimed" Redonda for his son Philippe, who was succeeded by the poet John Gawsworth.
	www.traveloutward.com /destinations/north_central_am/antigua-barbuda.shtml (740 words)

	Antigua and Barbuda Jottings
		This uninhabited "lump of rock" is one of the strangest "kingdoms" in the world.
		In 1865 an Irish trader, Matthew Dowdy Shiell, who lived on Montserrat, and happened to be sailing past, "claimed" the tiny island for his son Felipe.
		Barbuda was used largely for rearing livestock because the soil could not support sugar cane cultivation.
	www.silvertorch.com /jottings/antijots.html (806 words)

	Brazil - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		I am going to ask you to serve your country by leaving for Liverpool this afternoon and for Brazil to-morrow on the steamship Hermes.
		The Kingdom of the Blind by Oppenheim, E. Phillips View in context
		In going hither and thither he observed in the outskirts of a small town a red-and-blue placard setting forth the great advantages of the Empire of Brazil as a field for the emigrating agriculturist.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Brazil (3404 words)

	DISTRICT OF LEISTAVIA, micronation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Kingdom of Redonda (http://www.antiguanice.com/redonda/index.html) - site of claimant King Robert the Bald
		Beaver Island in Lake Michigan was an unrecognized Mormon kingdom from 1848 to 1856, until its leader, James Strang, was assassinated by disgruntled followers.
		The Republic of Indian Stream, established in 1832 on territory claimed by both the US and Canada.
	www.art-themagazine.com /hybridia/pages/micron02.htm (2210 words)

	Redonda on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		La mesa redonda: un exito.(industria de computadoras, México)(TT: Round table: a success.)(TA:...
		Fluminense vence 3-1 a Volta Redonda y gana Cameponato carioca
		Volta Redonda cerca de su primer título de Río de Janeiro
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/x/x-r1edonda.asp (221 words)

	Kingdom of Redonda
		King Juan II In 1979 one of the few visits to Redonda was perilously carried out to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Kingdom.
		It consisted of a floating extension to Redonda, suspended by hawsers from the peak.
		The Duke of Bayview has said “Redonda is a kingdom of the mind - a sympathetic and welcoming refuge for people whose finer sensibilities are offended by the mindless materialism, unbridled greed and soul-destroying competition which have become hallmarks of the age”.
	www.jalypso.com /redonda (1817 words)

	The Kingdom of Redonda \| MetaFilter
		In 1865, a Caribbean trader laid claim to a small island near Antigua, and declared himself king.
		When Shiel died in 1947, he left the island to a young poet, John Gawsworth, King Juan I of Redonda.
		I knew I had read about Redonda before (and was almost certain it was here) but it was your post I was thinking of.
	www.metafilter.com /50330/The-Kingdom-of-Redonda (235 words)

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