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Topic: Kingdoms of ancient Ireland

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Thomond

History of Ireland

Connacht

Ulster

Leinster

Munster

	Ireland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Of the 32 counties of Ireland, 26 lie in the Republic, and of the four historic provinces, three and part of the fourth are in the Republic.
		The English conquest of Ireland was begun by Richard de Clare, 2d earl of Pembroke, known as Strongbow, who intervened in behalf of a claimant to the throne of Leinster; in 1171, Henry himself went to Ireland, temporarily establishing his overlordship there.
		Although Bruce was killed in 1318, the English authority in Ireland was weakening, becoming limited to a small district around Dublin known as the Pale; the rest of the country fell into a struggle for power among the ruling Anglo-Irish families and Irish chieftains.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ir/Ireland.html (2130 words)

	In Search of Ancient Ireland . Religion \| PBS
		The monastery in Armagh began to dominate the Irish church in the 6th century A.D. Monasteries, with their large population centers, were a key part of early Irish life.
		In Ireland's monasteries, scholarship and art flourished, so Ireland became the guardian of scholarship and theology for all Europe.
		Ireland became the target of Roman propaganda, labeled an island of barbarians and a center of immoral pagan practices.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/ancientireland/religion2.html (378 words)

	In Search of Ancient Ireland
		All this has meant that interest in Ireland and her ancient history has flourished in recent years, even if what many people believe to be true comes more from the imagination of poets and storytellers than the rigorous scholarship of historians and archaeologists.
		It was then that Ireland began reinventing itself as a nation and culture separate from the "occupying English." Poets and writers of the Celtic Revival reached back to old Irish legends and stories to provide a cultural foundation for their newly emerging national identity.
		Ireland's ancient past is still full of many mysteries (like how Ireland developed a Celtic culture and language when there is little archaeological evidence of any Celts in Ireland).
	www.knowth.com /ancient-ireland-book.htm (1209 words)

	Royalty.nu - The Royal History of Ireland - Irish Royalty
		Ancient Ireland by Laurence Flanagan is about life in Ireland before the arrival of the Celts.
		Ancient Ireland: From Prehistory to the Middle Ages photographed by Jacqueline O'Brien and Peter Harbison.
		Ireland in the Age of the Tudors, 1447-1603 by Steven G. Ellis is about English expansion and the end of Gaelic rule.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Ireland/index.html (2515 words)

	Viking Answer Lady Webpage - Vikings in Ireland
		At the time the Vikings first arrived in Ireland, the land was nominally ruled over by the Árd Rí, or High King of the Irish, but was in truth a warring collection of petty kingdoms which gave lip service only to the ceremonial overlordship of the Ui-Naill.
		The petty kings of Ireland, busy warring among themselves and jockeying for power or a few more cattle, ultimately were the cause of the Vikings' great successes in Ireland, and the divisiveness of the small Irish kingdoms with their many rivalries ensured the Celts' downfall.
		The first of the "Kings of all the Northmen in Ireland" was a man named Óláfr, a relative of the Norse kings of the Scottish Islands and the Hebrides, and remotely related to certain prominent Icelanders.
	www.vikinganswerlady.com /Ireland.shtml (3807 words)

	AncientWeb.org: Ancient Ireland, The Art, Culture and History of Ancient Hibernia
		It was in Ireland that Celtic culture and institutions lasted the longest—although Christianity was introduced at an early date, Ireland did not suffer any major invasions or cultural changes until the invasions of the Norwegians and the Danish in the eighth century.
		The sons of Niall ruled over two kingdoms in northern Ireland; these rulers formed a dynasty that would be called the Uí Néill; the south of Ireland was largely under the control of Munster.
		Evidently, to actually defeat the Celts was not as easy as the ancient historians wanted their readers to believe, since quite a number of reports tell us that the Celts continued to fight valiantly to the end, even when the battle already was lost.
	www.ancientweb.org /Ireland/index.htm (4784 words)

	Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ireland is also rich in native gold, and the Bronze Age saw the first extensive working of this precious metal by Irish craftsmen.
		The population of Ireland at the end of the Bronze Age was probably in excess of 100,000, and may have been as high as 200,000.
		It is a chronology of Ireland from the Flood to the twelfth century.
	thestoryofireland.blogspot.com (16724 words)

	Ancient Kings of Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		009 in Dun Crimhthainn, Edair, Ireland, cause of death was a massacre by the Aitheach Tuatha.
		1651 BC in Ireland, cause of death was the battle of Roeire by Conmhael, son of Eber Fionn.
		Three of these kingdoms were ruled by queens, each of whom submitted to the sons of Mil (Milesians) on the condition that their kingdoms would forever be called by their names.
	www.geocities.com /missourimule_2000/ancientkingsofireland.html (3830 words)

	index
		The rulers of the different kingdoms were constantly at war fighting over their territories and boundaries.
		She seized land in Leix and Offaly counties in central Ireland and gave it to the English settlers.
		At this time, because of the poverty in Ireland at this time most of the people were dependent on potatoes as their primary source for food.
	members.tripod.com /~ireland17/index.htm (2224 words)

	In Search of Ancient Ireland . About the Film \| PBS
		Since Ireland was still largely pagan after his death, he doesn't seem to have had much of an impact during his lifetime.
		As for the snakes, Ireland never had any, although the story of their expulsion is a good parable about casting out pagan beliefs.
		After the fall of Rome, Ireland kept the light of civilization alive in Europe and ultimately carried it back to new barbarian kingdoms rising among the ruins.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/ancientireland/about_filmmaker2.html (547 words)

	Claddagh Rings Wedding Bands Ireland Irish Jewelers Blacoe Ireland Ireland
		Ireland during the Ice Age.What little is known of pre-Christian Ireland comes from a few references in Roman writings, Irish poetry and myth, and archaeology.
		The Normans consolidated their presence in Ireland by building hundreds of castles and towers such as this.By the 12th century, Ireland was divided politically into a shifting hierarchy of petty kingdoms and over-kingdoms.
		The first Norman knight landed in Ireland in 1167, followed by the main forces of Normans, Welsh and Flemings in Wexford in 1169 Within a short time Leinster was regained, Waterford and Dublin were under Diarmait's control, and he had Strongbow as a son-in-law, and named him as heir to his kingdom.
	www.blacoe.com /menu.asp?menu=18 (5599 words)

	Petty kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A petty kingdom is an independent realm recognizing no suzerain and controlling only a portion of the territory held by a particular ethnic group or nation.
		Before the Kingdom of England was established as a united entity, there were various kingdoms in the area - of which the main seven were known as the heptarchy.
		The earliest known kingdoms or tribes in Ireland are referred to in Ptolemy's Geography, written in the 2nd century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Petty_kingdoms (497 words)

	The O'Brien Clan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Kingdoms operated their own governments, wars, international trade, preserved Christianity and were lighthouses of learning after the fall of the Roman Empire.
		Using that standard, Ireland, with a structured professional warrior class (Cavalry, Gallowglas, Kerne), clearly practiced the tradition of a unique, Gaelic knighthood, long before the concept of European chivalry was introduced to Ireland.
		He writes (In Ireland) where reigneth more than 60 Chief Captains, were of some calleth themselves kings, some king's peers, in their language, some princes, some dukes, some archdukes, that liveth only by the sword, and obeyeth to no other temporal person, but only to himself that is strong".
	www.obrienclan.com /dalcassiansept-com/article-two.htm (3644 words)

	Celts - Crystalinks
		The term Celts (pronounced "kelts" or "selts") refers to any of a number of ancient peoples in Europe using the Celtic languages, which form a branch of Indo-European languages, as well as others whose language is unknown but where associated cultural traits such as Celtic art are found in archaeological evidence.
		By the Roman period most of the inhabitants of the isles of Ireland and Great Britain (the ancient Britons) were speaking Goidelic or Brythonic languages, close counterparts to Gaulish languages spoken on the European mainland.
		Later research indicated that the language and culture had developed gradually and continuously, and in Ireland no archaeological evidence was found for large intrusive groups of Celtic immigrants, suggesting to historians such as Colin Renfrew that the native Late Bronze Age inhabitants gradually absorbed influences to create "Celtic" culture.
	www.crystalinks.com /celts.html (1898 words)

	Witch in the Wood - The Gaels, Gauls and Celts
		Many different kinds of baskets are made in Ireland for example: the 'cliabh' or creel, for gathering turf; these are used in pairs, one basket on each side of a pony; the 'skib', for harvesting potatoes; the 'ciseog' for straining and serving vegetables; the lusset (losaid), a rectangular basket with wooden sides, also for vegetables.
		Anciently, our ancestors would dig down into the banks of rivers and streams, then embed the models in the sand thereof, after which they poured the molten bronze into the imprint made in the sand.
		invariably the ancient provincial centers where these festivals were held, stood on hills, where ancient burial mounds were dedicated to the memory of the founding ancestors who were buried there.
	www.witchinthewood.com /Celts_Gauls.html (9944 words)

	DenverPost.com - Northern Ireland, Pleasures and pursuits
		Northern Ireland's history is saturated with the deep-seated and ongoing divide between Catholics and Protestants, and reports of shootings, beatings and bombings still find their way to the news.
		The castle, which houses the Fermanagh County Museum, fell to the English in the early 1600s, along with the rest of Ulster, one of Ireland's four ancient kingdoms.
		James I's subsequent "plantation" of Ulster with Protestant Scots partly explains why Northern Ireland is divided from the Republic of Ireland and remains part of the United Kingdom.
	www.denverpost.com /search/ci_0002580132 (1617 words)

	AncientWeb.org: The Ancient Worlds Great Civilizations
		Though ancient Germania was much more then one tribe united by language, it was a complex world that shaped the character of Europe.
		The enigmatic Celts that spread across Europe left their most important stamp on Ireland, their last holdout from the migrations that pushed them to the periphery of Europe.
		Their origins in ancient Thrace are an important chapter in the history of Europe.
	www.ancientweb.org (541 words)

	Irish History - Earthlore Explorations Historic Overview: Early Age Ireland
		The earliest settlers are believed to have arrived in Ireland between eight and nine thousand years ago.
		The survival of Ireland's ancient lore is due primarily to the efforts of the monks of the middle age monasteries.
		The lore surrounding Ireland's patron saint claims him to be a foreign born slave brought over as a boy to herd sheep.
	www.elore.com /Ireland/History/Overview/early.htm (1581 words)

	Baoisgne
		The disastrous battle of Gavra is fought in which The Irish High King himself falls, while the Fenians are practically annihilated.
		Another reference to Clan Baoisgne is by Canon Bourke, examiner in Celtic History at the Royal University of Ireland.
		He writes that the orders accompanied the five great kingdoms of ancient Ireland.
	www.ancientworlds.net /4698 (381 words)

	Ireland's History in Maps - Irish History, Geography and Genealogy
		The Tuath and Barony of Ireland - the baronies of Ireland and the clans associated with them.
		Kingdom of Cruachain - Cruachan & the Kings of Connacht
		Annals of Uladh - Ancient Legends of Ulidia
	www.rootsweb.com /~irlkik/ihm (410 words)

	Irelandseye.com features
		Find out about where the Titanic was built and how the sinking of the great liner was reported in the local papers of the day.
		We present, in this special feature, a reflection on some creatures of Irish myth which may not be entirely fictional.
		Saint Patrick's Mission : The story behind Saint Patrick's life and times in Ireland.
	www.irelandseye.com /aarticles/features (284 words)

	A Field Guide to Irish Fairies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		St Patrick's legacy of Christianity gave Ireland its image of 'saints and scholars'.
		These rose from among the ancient tribes and kingdoms
		-->of ancient Ireland, whose religions worshipped the trees and lakes, stones and animals of the wild landscape.
	www.irelandseye.com /animation/intro.html (76 words)

	[No title]
		In his own words, Thomas tells what it has been like to move through the world of the sadhus, witnessing their ritualized practices, following their endless pilgrimage, and dancing with the humor and danger this has entailed.
		These rose from among the ancient tribes and kingdoms of ancient Ireland, whose religions worshipped the trees and lakes, stones and animals of the wild landscape.
		Such gods and beliefs would not die easily.
	www.nutcote.demon.co.uk /nl04jul0105.html (2794 words)

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