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Topic: Kings Cross fire

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	KINGS CROSS FIRE - LONDON 1987
		Kings Cross underground station is one of the busiest on London's 'tube' railway network serving over 100,000 passengers during peak hours.
		The London Fire Brigade dispatched 4 engines and an aerial ladder as the call was received at 7.36 pm and the first of these arrived on scene at 7.42pm.
		Further thought was directed at the likelihood of the escalator fire being pushed upwards in the shaft by a 'piston effect' as trains arriving at platforms forced a major airflow out of the tunnels and up into the ticketing hall.
	www.firetactics.com /KINGSCROSS.htm (1132 words)

	Kings Cross fire - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Kings Cross fire was a devastating underground fire in London on November 18, 1987 which killed thirty-one people.
		The fire was caused by rubbish and grease beneath wooden escalators being ignited, probably by a discarded match.
		The large number of casualties in the fire was an indirect consequence of a combustion phenomenon known as the trench effect.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/King%27s_Cross_fire (734 words)

	Kings Cross railway station - Definition, explanation
		Kings Cross or King's Cross station is a railway station in Kings Cross to the north east of central London, England.
		Kings Cross also incorporates a major Underground station known as King's Cross St. Pancras, which is a principal interchange station on the Tube network.
		Kings Cross was originally designed and built as the London hub of the Great Northern Railway and terminus of the East Coast Main Line.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/k/ki/kings_cross_railway_station.php (886 words)

	London - Kings Cross Fire 1987
		Fireman, forensic scientists and doctors are still trying to assess the damage, identify the charred corpses and discover the cause of last night's inferno at King's Cross Underground station in which thirty people died.
		The first call received by the fire brigade was to an escalator alight and was at 1936.
		The King's Cross tragedy provoked what was to become the longest-running inquiry of its kind in Britain.
	homepages.tesco.net /~townsleyb/TownsFH/TownsKXfire.htm (988 words)

	Deadly Wooden Escalator Fire - Kings Cross Fire
		The fire was caused by rubbish and grease beneath wooden escalators being ignited, probably by a discarded match.
		The large number of casualties in the fire was an indirect consequence of a combustion phenomenon known as the trench effect.
		In these early stages of the fire, the flames visible to anyone not standing on the burning escalator were a small part of the full story.
	www.weitzlux.com /kingscrossfirewoodenescalator_810.html (1002 words)

	Kings Cross Station
		Kings Cross station is a railway station in Kings Cross, north central London, United Kingdom.
		The Underground station serving both is Kings Cross St. Pancras, which was the scene of the Kings Cross fire on November 18, 1987 in which thirty-one people died.
		Kings Cross features in the Harry Potter books of J. Rowling, as the location from which the Hogwarts Express train departs although the location used in the film version is actually Marylebone Station.
	www.georgianhousehotel.co.uk /kings_cross_station.htm (410 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 18 \| 1987: King's Cross station fire 'kills 27'
		A fire brigade spokesman, Brian Clark, said the scene in the concourse at the top of the burnt escalator was one of total devastation.
		Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher said she was "horrified" to hear of the "dreadful" fire and sent her deepest sympathies to the families of those who have been killed and injured.
		After a fire at Oxford Circus station the ban was extended to all subsurface stations but smokers often lit cigarettes on the escalators on their way out.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/18/newsid_2519000/2519675.stm (523 words)

	NOVA Online \| Escape! \| Pioneers of Survival: Fire
		One of the key things that came out of the Kings Cross fire was how quickly the fire developed—once it actually gripped the whole of the escalator—how quickly the whole fire spread and how quickly it grew to a very large size and actually spread in the ticket hall.
		When you run a fire field model similar to what was used to simulate the Kings Cross fire, you are taking the volume of the room and dividing it into thousands of little volumes.
		Predicting the fundamental fire spread on a solid material surface is quite difficult and is an area of research at the moment.
	www.pbs.org /search/redir/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/escape/pioneers.html (2293 words)

	YouTube - Kings Cross fire 1987 news footage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		lets hope all those who spen there last minutes in kings cross did not suffer.
		A fire shitted up the insides of an underground station in London, 31 died including the brave station officer from Soho, Colin Townsley was first in without BA, he did it to save many others.
		London fire brigade kings cross 1987 underground (more) (less)
	www.youtube.com /watch?v=sj21xNbNKBQ (295 words)

	Fire and Explosion \| MSc \| EPSRC MTP Package \|
		Explosion initiated fires can cause severe devastation: in the Piper Alpha disaster in the North Sea, 167 lives were lost and the financial loss exceeded a billion pounds sterling, and the explosion of a gas facility in San Juan Ixuatepec, Mexico killed 262.
		Loss of life in fires is commonplace and can be in large numbers, as in the Bradford football stadium fire and the Kings Cross fire.
		Fire engineering is a now a major contributor to ensuring successful delivery of these buildings and as such the demand for, and expectations of, our fire engineers is great.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /fuel/msc/mtp/fe01_background.htm (954 words)

	The Information Needs of a Fire Investigator
		In principle it does not matter who investigates fires as long as they have an appropriate background, qualifications and training to carry out a competent examination of the fire scene and, most importantly, be able to present such evidence in a court of Law.
		Having established from observations the area of origin of the fire, the purpose of this exercise is to remove the loose debris and carefully 'dig'.
		In general, this activity pertains to the smaller type fires where the fire brigade (occasionally for good reason) have removed the entire contents of the premises to the outside of the building during, or at the latter stage of, the fire fighting.
	www.sheilapantry.com /figuk/conf2002/presentations/roger_berrett.htm (1621 words)

	Fire Bibliography
		Partial cross sections were taken from 18 dead fire-scarred trees, and tree rings and fire scars were dated.
		The resulting master fire chronology shows that fires recurred at intervals ranging from 1 to 15 years.
		This fire history documents the long-term importance of fire in sequoia-mixed conifer ecosystems and illustrates the temporal variability of fire regimes.
	www.nps.gov /archive/seki/fire/abstr21.htm (131 words)

	Petition to: ensure the Fire Precautions (Sub Surface Railway) Regulations remain as legislation and not be repealed.
		Petition to: ensure the Fire Precautions (Sub Surface Railway) Regulations remain as legislation and not be repealed.
		We the undersigned petition the Prime Minister to ensure the Fire Precautions (Sub Surface Railway) Regulations remain as legislation and not be repealed.
		The regulations also address the requirements placed on the Fire Brigade providing a pre-determined level of attendance to fire/smoke incidents on underground Railway systems, should the regulations be repealed there would no doubt be further attempts to close Fire Stations as the mandatory level of attendance would disappear.
	petitions.pm.gov.uk /Fire-Precautions (307 words)

	Bushfires Aftermath Report for Canberra Cross-Country Ski Club
		The shelter was not harmed by the fire.
		The fire had come to within a few metres just behind the building, and a portion of the northern verandah of the building had been burnt and is in the process of being replaced.
		On the 18km from the dam wall to the highway, most of the fire damage is on the western side of the road, although closer to the highway it is on both sides of the road.
	www.cccsc.asn.au /Text/bushfire.html (1694 words)

	RMT - Remember Kings Cross — keep fire-safety regs in place, says RMT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		ON THE eve of the 19th anniversay of the 1987 Kings Cross fire, Britain’s biggest rail union has today renewed its call on the government not to scrap essential fire-safety regulations for sub-surface stations which were introduced after the disaster that claimed 31 lives.
		"As we remember the 31 victims of the Kings Cross fire, we should also remember that it was as a direct result of that tragedy that the Section 12 regulations were introduced two years later," RMT general secretary Bob Crow said today.
		The regulations stipulate minimum safe staffing levels, means of detecting and warning of fires and means of escape and firefighting, as well as standards of fire-resistant construction, training and various other precautions, which are not specified in the Fire Safety Order the government wants to replace them with.
	www.rmt.org.uk /Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=98808 (684 words)

	Welcome to Leeds
		Fire and explosion is the major destroyer of property, let alone an obvious threat to human, animal and plant life.
		Fires and explosions cause 1% of the global burden of injury and 300,000 deaths per year worldwide, destroying cities, families, workplaces, workforce and wild lands.
		Fire protection engineering as a profession is rapidly expanding throughout the world, and opportunities in fire protection engineering in Europe, South America, Asia-South Pacific and in the Middle East have never been better.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /speme/fire/degrees.html (1009 words)

	"Cross And Fire" by H.P. Blavatsky @BlavatskyNet
		It is the mundane circle with the astronomical cross upon it rapidly revolving; the perfect square of the Pythagorean mathematics in the scale of numbers, as its occult meaning is interpreted by Cornelius Agrippa.
		Fire is heat,--the central point; the perpendicular ray represents the male element or spirit; and the horizontal one the female element--or matter.
		The happiest of the lot, for the ensuing year, is he or she who gets the part containing the old coin crossed with the scarlet thread; he is considered the elect of Sourja, and every one envies the fortunate possessor.
	www.blavatsky.net /blavatsky/arts/CrossAndFire.htm (1922 words)

	Homepage of the Fire Brigades Union
		Rail unions and the FBU have united to defend fire safety regs, calling for a national demonstration Nov. 26 on the 18th anniversary of the Kings Cross Fire.
		Eighteen years after the King’s Cross fire, Britain’s rail and firefighting unions have launched a joint campaign to keep in place essential fire-safety regulations for sub-surface stations that were introduced after the 1987 disaster that claimed 31 lives.
		RMT, ASLEF and the FBU have called a national demonstration at King’s Cross on November 26 to highlight the threat to public safety posed by plans to abolish the ‘Section 12’ regulations that prescribe safety standards for sub-surface stations all over Britain.
	www.fbu.org.uk /newspress/ebulletin/78.php (1497 words)

	The Three Kings & the Star
		When the kings depart, they continue together until the reach the Hill of Vaws, or Hill of Victory, on the border of Ind, where a watchtower was maintained (it was here that the Star was first sighted).
		But viewers of titled "The Three Kings" should be aware that there are other explanations of the star that seem to fit the evidence, for example the conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter in the constellation Pisces that occurred three times in the year 7 B.C. (see astronomer Anthony Aveni's November/December 1998 ARCHAEOLOGY article on this).
		Meanwhile, Brier and "The Three Kings" move on to Cologne and its magnificent cathedral and the shrine with which supposedly contains the remains of the magi.
	www.archaeology.org /online/reviews/threekings (1531 words)

	Temple Fire Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Temple Fire Department has 89 staffed personnel operating out of seven fire stations and manning seven paramedic engine companies, one ladder truck, one rescue/haz-mat, one booster truck and one command vehicle.
		To protect life and property from unplanned incidents of fire, rescue, hazardous material release, and other emergencies and to provide the best pre-hospital medical care for the citizens of Temple.
		To educate the children of Temple with fire education and to provide guidance through proactive measures as Education and Code Enforcement to protect the general public from like emergencies.
	www.ci.temple.tx.us /departments/fire/index.htm (196 words)

	Kings Cross Fire Last Victim Named (from This Is Local London)
		The last victim of the Kings Cross fire, whose identity has remained unknown for 16 years, has been named by police.
		His daughters approached police to suggest the final victim may be their father, who, aged 72, was living rough on the streets of London at the time of the fire - and ceased to collect his social security immediately after the disaster.
		Smoking was not permitted on the London Underground at the time, but the Kings Cross fire is believed to have started when a still-lit match found its way through a wooden escalator to a pile of rubbish below.
	www.thisislocallondon.co.uk /news/topstories/display.var.451500.0.kings_cross_fire_last_victim_named.php (404 words)

	Fire UK Feature Article
		Over the last 4 years there has been an increase in domestic fire deaths in the UK and 80 people lost their lives in house fires in Scotland alone during 1999.
		Many alarms were installed after the Kings Cross fire tragedy and do not enjoy important features available on some modern alarms.
		Tenant abuse, such as battery removal, is an area of growing concern, leading to alarms that don't function in a fire: 42% of alarm failures in 1999 were due to missing batteries.
	www.fireuk.net /Info/story14.htm (1569 words)

	Knockout Kings 2002 for PlayStation 2 Review - PlayStation 2 Knockout Kings 2002 Review
		While Knockout Kings 2001 for the PlayStation 2 was a decent game that had terrific graphics, the fighters' lack of mobility simply failed to re-create the excitement of a prizefight.
		Knockout Kings 2002, however, delivers the thrill of being in the ring with a totally new control scheme that offers players a greater degree of control over their fighters.
		Knockout Kings 2002 is the first version of the game for the Xbox, and it's certainly the best of the series to date.
	www.gamespot.com /ps2/sports/knockoutkings2002/review.html (928 words)

	Fire at Kings Cross in The AnswerBank: News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		I saw on teletext that it was due to a fire in a nearby building that had cylinders in it which can go off like bombs when heated, therefore people had to be excluded from the area.
		the fire wasn't so much near the station, but the signalbox is within the 200m exclusion zone set up around the fire scene, meaning it had to be evacuated, so stopping all trains south of Peterborough.
		The gas bottles were on the 7th floor and at the time the fire brigade made a tactical withdrawal on monday afternoon (there being no-one at risk & the building was too hazardous for the firefighters) the bottles were red hot & expected to fall down when that floor burned through.
	www.theanswerbank.co.uk /News/Question253255.html (547 words)

	Kings of Chaos :: Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game
		Some of you may think that Kings of Chaos was started by a few 25 year old techies, with twenty degrees and pocket protectors, holding high-powered palm pilots and wallets plastered with "WIDE LOAD" stickers.
		In reality, Kings of Chaos was started by four fairly normal high school juniors, dealing with all those fun high school things like SATs, homework, and a massive online game, and who, instead of buying a soda between classes, ran to the computer lab to check the status of a project out of control.
		Caffeine continues to be the official sponsor of Kings of Chaos.
	www.kingsofchaos.com /aboutus.php (809 words)

	National Geographic Channel: Seconds from Disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		But disaster struck when a freight truck caught fire in the tunnel; a 53-hour fire-fight and a death toll of 39 revealed why tunnels all over the world could be Seconds from Disaster.
		But as their train entered a tunnel, the passengers realized there was a fire on board.
		Fire dynamics and a phenomenon dubbed the "trench effect" explain why.
	channel.nationalgeographic.com /channel/seconds/episodes.html (1760 words)

	SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON OF FIRE FIELD MODEL PREDICTIONS WITH EXPERIMENT
		The aim of this project is to provide the Fire Safety Engineer with insight into the range of applicability of fire field models in areas primarily of interest to building engineers.
		While no degree of successful validation will prove a fire model correct, confidence in the technique is established the more frequently it is shown to be successful in as wide a range of applications as possible.
		However, the 'validation' of fire field model predictions is essential to the continued development and acceptance of this complex procedure.
	fseg.gre.ac.uk /fire/systematic_comp_of_fire_field_model_predictions.html (611 words)

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