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Topic: Kings of Akkad

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Akkad

Sargon of Akkad

23rd century BC

Akkadian Empire

24th century BC

Dudu

2400 BC

3rd millennium BCE

Assyria

History of Iraq

Later Qin

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Moammar Gadhafi

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	Akkad and the Akkadians of Mesopotamia (Ancient Akkad)
		Akkad and the Akkadians of Mesopotamia (Ancient Akkad)
		Akkad from 2350 to 2000 BC There are several reasons for taking the year 2350 as a turning point in the history of Mesopotamia.
		After the first kings of the dynasty had borne the title of king of Kish, Naram-Sin assumed the title "king of the four quarters of the earth"--that is, of the universe.
	history-world.org /akkadians.htm (2270 words)

	Akkad - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		10), for one of the four chief cities, Akkad, Babel, Erech and Calneh, which constituted the nucleus of the kingdom of Nimrod in the land of Shinar or Babylonia.
		The later Assyro-Babylonian Semitic form Akkadu ("of or belonging to Akkad") is, in all likelihood, a Semitic loan form from the non-Semitic name Agade, and seems to be an additional demonstration of the identity of Agade and Akkad.
		Professor McCurdy has very reasonably suggested 6 that the title "king of Sumer and Akkad" indicated merely a claim to the ancient territory and city of Akkad together with certain additional territory, but not necessarily all Babylonia, as was formerly believed.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Akkad (368 words)

	Mesopotamia - Crystalinks
		Under king Ur-Nammu, the city established itself as the capital of an empire that rivalled that of the Akkadian rulers.
		Like the earlier kings of Akkad, the rulers of the Third Dynasty of Ur had to fight with groups of people moving into Mesopotamia from the surrounding mountains and deserts, attracted by the wealth of the country.
		In 539 BCE, the armies of the Persian king Cyrus (a member of the Achaemenid family) marched upon Babylon and captured the city and with it all the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
	www.crystalinks.com /mesopotamia.html (5052 words)

	The Two Kings
		Kings and rulers boast that it is Enlil who has given the kingship of the land, who has made the land prosperous for them, who gave them all the lands to conquer by his strength.
		The culmination of the two forces, the Gutians led by king Tirigan, and the Sumerians under Utu-khegal was at the battle of Ennigi.
		In examining the law codes of the two kings, an open mind is essential.
	remus.rutgers.edu /~drajput/indepedent-study.htm (7857 words)

	Chronicle of early kings (ABC 20)
		One anachronism is the reference to Babylon during the reign of king Sargon of Akkad.
		12' Ea-gamil,[11] the king of the Sealand, fled to Elam.
		Samsu-ditana became king in 1625 (Middle Chronology) and Babylon was sacked in 1595.
	www.livius.org /cg-cm/chronicles/abc20/kings.html (787 words)

	Sargon of Akkad Summary
		He founded Agade, or Akkad (the site of which is not known), as his new capital and, by defeating the paramount ruler of the Sumerian city-states, became master of all Mesopotamia.
		He is only the third king in recorded history to have created an empire, after the Sumerians Lugal-anne-mundu and Lugal-zage-si.
		Their cities were sacked; the governors, viceroys and kings of Susa, Barhashe, and neighboring districts became vassals of Akkad, and the Akkadian language made official.
	www.bookrags.com /Sargon_of_Akkad (1429 words)

	Akkad and the Akkadians of Mesopotamia (Ancient Akkad)
		The driving force of that empire was the Akkadians, so called after the city of Akkad, which Sargon chose for his capital (it has not yet been identified but was presumably located on the Euphrates between Sippar and Kish).
		Similarly, the plastic and graphic arts, especially sculpture in the round, relief work, and cylinder seals, reached a high point of perfection.Thus the reign of the five kings of Akkad may be considered one of the most productive periods of Mesopotamian history.
		It is not known in detail how rigorously Akkad wished to control the cities to the south and how much freedom had been left to them; but they presumably clung tenaciously to their inherited local autonomy.
	iraq.iraq.ir /history/akkadians.htm (2241 words)

	Philosophy of History
		Margraves & Electors of Brandenburg & Kings of Prussia
		Savoyard and Bourbon Kings of Naples and Sicily
		The Kings of Tibet and the Dalai Lamas
	www.friesian.com /philhist.htm (1327 words)

	People Of Ancient Assyria
		Sargon, King of Akkad, was victorious in battle with the inhabitants of Ur; he conquered the city and broke down its walls.
		The Babylonian kings of the dynasty of Hammurabi, and of the princely houses that followed-including the Kassites (p.
		Adopting the territorial theology of the kings of Akkad, he assumed the title of 'king of the whole world', and in the victory-stelae carved by his sculptors he closely imitated the heroic style introduced into Mesopotamian relief sculpture by Sargon and Naram-Sin of Akkad: this style was never emulated by Babylonian kings.
	www.aina.org /books/poaa/poaa.htm (17783 words)

	Akkad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Akkad gave its name to the Akkadian language, reflecting use of akkadû ("in the language of Akkad") in the Old Babylonian period to denote the Semitic version of a Sumerian text.
		Stele of Naram-Sin, king of Akkad, celebrating his victory against the Lullubi from Zagros.
		One theory held (as of 1911) was that Agade was situated opposite Sippar on the left bank of the Euphrates, and was probably the oldest part of the city of Sippar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Akkad (520 words)

	Compendium of World History - Vol. 1
		The kings who composed the first dynasty were not successive but contemporary leaders who formed the first Democratic Council in history this side of the flood.
		As he is the only Guti king known to have usurped the titles of Naram-Sin, it is quite clear that he -- Erridupizir -- should head the list as the leader in the initial attack on Akkad in 1535.
		Under Akshak's king Puzur-Sahan aging Queen Ku-Baba of Kish III gained unusual reputation for her "pious deeds." As a result her son Puzur-Sin came to royal estate upon the death of Puzur-Sahan in 1680.
	www.cgca.net /coglinks/wcglit/hoehcompendium/hhc1ch11.htm (3764 words)

	babylonia
		In certain periods the king was deified; throughout the 3rd millennium, he became, in ritual action, the god Dumuzi in the rite of the sacred marriage and brought fertility for his land.
		King of Uruk, son of Lugalbanda and Ninsun in the Epic.
		Although a king's armies might subjugate the country, the transference to that king of Enlil's divine power to rule had to be sought and sanctioned.
	www.farmpride.com /babylonia.html (21720 words)

	Inanna - www.GatewaysToBabylon.com
		The early kings were crucial to the development and survival of Sumerian civilization, able as they were to coordinate and motivate the cooperative labor and accumulation of surplus to support a more diversified cultural profile and a greater density of population.
		By this epithet, the early kings of Sumer indicate that whoever their divine mother may be, Ninhursag, the mother goddess, one of the three prime gods, was their god-mother and nurturer.
		Both kings, who love Inanna, engage on a war of nerves (according to Kramer in History begins at Sumer), for ten years and the war is much more on the contest level, where both sides challenge each other without engaging in real mortal combat.
	www.gatewaystobabylon.com /gods/ladies/ladyinanna2.html (12073 words)

	IM NIN'ALU's Page - HISTORY
		These ten "kings" are thought to have settled their capital in one of the lower Mesopotamian cities.
		The first Akkadian king mentioned is the same as the first Assyrian king, SHARYUKENU, known in history as SARGON, is to be identified with the Biblical ASHUR (Assur), founder of the Assyrian state.
		In fact, the early Assyrian kings are identifiable with the Akkadian sovereigns, and Ashur himself may be the same person as Sargon I, the first Akkadian king.
	www.imninalu.net /kings.htm (621 words)

	The Babylonian Empire
		Nonetheless, it was only in the 30th year of his reign, after his conquest of Larsa, that he gave concrete expression to the idea of ruling all of southern Mesopotamia by "strengthening the foundations of Sumer and Akkad," in the words of that year's dating formula.
		The wardum is the least problematic: he is the slave—that is, a person in bondage who could be bought and sold, unless he was able to regain his freedom under certain conditions as a debtor-slave.
		When commenting on literary and historical texts such as the inscriptions of the kings of Akkad, it was pointed out that these were not originals but copies of Old Babylonian vintage.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/babylonia2.html (1402 words)

	Assyrian King List
		The texts of these copies are more or less consistent and goes back to one original, which was based on the list of yearly limmu-officials, who were appointed by the king and had to preside the celebration of the New Year festival.
		Total: 6 kings named on bricks,[3] whose number of limmu-officials is unknown.
		Probably, the author of the Assyrian King List wanted to create the impression that these rulers, with their rhyming, invented names, were nomad kings.
	www.livius.org /k/kinglist/assyrian.html (1269 words)

	[No title]
		Nedjeh, King of Nubia/Kushite Emperor, occupied Egyptian forts along his northern-border/or Egypt's southern-border during a decline of Egypt's power, circa 1050/1000; descended from Awawa, who founded Nubia's 3rd-Dynasty, the son of
		= Abijah, King of Judah 913-910, son of Rehoboam, King of Judah 930-913, son of Solomon, King of Israel 970-930, son of David, King of Israel 1010-970BC
		= Azuba, dau of Shilhi, son of Jeroboam, King of Israel, and, wife, Ana, dau of Sheshonq I, # 1, 22nd-Dynasty of Egypt
	www.angelfire.com /ego/et_deo/misc_lines.wps.htm (432 words)

	Why Mesopotamian Myths - www.GatesToBabylon.com
		Around 2350 BCE the southern city states were united into one empire by Sargon, king of the city of Akkad (also read as Agade).
		Akkad has not been located but the period produced some astonishing works of art, including fine cylinder seals.
		Sargon was found in a reed basket flowing upon a river and raised by a man of faith, probably a priest of Enki, the Sweet Waters Lord and god of Magic and Wisdom, under the protection of the local high priestess of Inanna, most certainly a royal princess herself.
	www.gatewaystobabylon.com /myths/whymeso.htm (2938 words)

	The NEXUS: Historical Chronology - 10,000 BC to 601 BC
		2141-2122: Gudea: King of Lagash, "Cylinders of Gudea", son-in-law of Ur-Baba
		In addition to his secular position, the king was the head of the ancestor- and spirit-worship cult.
		King Manasseh was the first of many of the Hebrew kings who had attempted to lead the Jewish people away from the religion of Moses and, in it's place, replace it with local pagan cults.
	www.fortunecity.com /tatooine/acegarp/898/10000bc601.htm (6979 words)

	Ancient Near East (Babylonia) Glossary and Texts
		As a vessel of sacred power the king was surrounded by strict ritual to protect that power, and he had to undergo elaborate rituals of purification if the power became threatened.
		In his role as adviser to the king, Ea was a wise god although not a forceful one.
		Epithet: "King of all populated lands." Symbol: A horned crown on a shrine.
	www.piney.com /BabGloss.html (8723 words)

	Iran, 8000–2000 B.C. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Although it is often possible to locate earlier events quite precisely relative to each other, neither surviving contemporary documents nor scientific dating methods such as carbon 14, dendrochronology, thermoluminescence, and archaeoastronomy are able to provide the required accuracy to fix these events absolutely in time.
		The West Asian portion of the Timeline therefore employs the common practice of using, without prejudice, the so-called Middle Chronology, where events are dated relative to the reign of King Hammurabi of Babylon, which is defined as being ca.
		A number of his monuments are inscribed with bilingual inscriptions: Akkadian written in cuneiform, and Elamite written in a poorly understood linear script.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/02/wai/ht02wai.htm (806 words)

	disc sec 9
		Sargon was the first of the kings of Akkad, a powerful Mesopotamian city-state named after the city Agade.
		Her children by Seleucus and by Antiochus marry into many of the royal families of the era and she has been compared to Queen Victoria.
		Her story is an excellent example of the political use of women by the Hellenistic kings.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/macedonia/disc_sec_9.htm (630 words)

	Sargon of Akkad
		Sargon of Akkad reigned from 2334 to 2279 BC, creating an empire that united all of Mesopotamia since the Tower of Babel.
		Lugalzagesi, king of Uruk, marched through Sumer and conquered the city-states one by one, uniting all of Sumer under his authority.
		According to the Sumerian king list and other records, Sargon reigned for fifty-six years, and then the kingship was passed to his son, Rimuc, who battled endless rebellions for nine years.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b1sargon.htm (725 words)

	The Ancient Guti of the Central Zagros Mountain Region of Iran
		Gutium, a mountainous area in south-west Iran, was a troublesome part of the Akkadian Empire and the year names of the kings of Akkad record campaigns against the region.
		The King List records twenty or twenty-one Gutian kings ruling Sumer and Akkad, totalling 125 years, although it is uncertain whether at the time of the invasion they had a king or were still barbarian hordes.
		The Guti were finally expelled by Uthegal, King of Uruk circa 2100 BC.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Guti.html (305 words)

	Sumer & Akkad
		Sargon of Akkad built the first Middle Eastern Empire, at the time of the Egyptian VI Dynasty, embracing all of Sumeria and extending far up the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
		One of Sargon's successors also had a significant name: Shar- kalli- sharri means "king of all kings." Shortened to just "king of kings," this became a standard title for later Assyrian and then Persian monarchs.
		But the set of the tide was already obvious: The last three kings of Ur III already have names incorporating the Akkadian name of the moon god, Sîn, rather than the Sumerian name, Nanna.
	www.transanatolie.com /English/Turkey/Anatolia/sumer_&_akkad.htm (999 words)

	Syria Gate - About Syria - Mari - By Carol Miller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The kings of Akkad (Northern Mesopotamia) attributed their success to Dagan, so fashioned great bronze lions to represent them at the temple doorway; and by the time of the Third Dynasty of Ur his cult had become the official state religion.
		As it happened, before being invested with the command of Mari, Zimri-Lim was shrewd enough to have taken refuge in Aleppo, and only returned to Mari on the occasion of the death of his rival, the Assyrian king Shamshi-Adad I. The Amorites, among others of their settlements, ultimately established a colony on the Mediterranean coast.
		The library, probably one of the most complete ever unearthed, contained an astonishing twenty thousand tablets, a record as orderly as it was extensive, for it documents the history and dynasties of a region that stretched from Persia to Palestine.
	www.syriagate.com /Syria/about/cities/Deir_Ezzor/mari-cm.htm (2207 words)

	On the Care and Feeding of Revision Hypotheses
		Because it was usually kings who were in a position to preserve the accounts of their deeds for posterity, the individuals in question were generally kings, although priests, nobles, architects and others have come down to us.
		The penultimate king of the Old Kingdom, Pepi II, is attested by Egyptian sources as having reigned from the age of 6 to 100, a datum which is also given by Jewish midrashim, which name this king Malul.
		This was preserved as the invasion of the lepers of Jerusalem, and as the occupation of Arzu, a Syrian.
	www.starways.net /lisa/essays/care.html (4075 words)

	Iranica.com - ELAM
		The title "king of Anshan and Susa" borne by Eparti, the founder of the dynasty, was soon abandoned in favor of titles that had belonged to Mesopotamian functionaries posted in Susiana or Elam during the Ur III period.
		The child born to a union of the king with an Elamite princess, that is, a foreigner, was legitimate.
		The new king was the object of a new attack by Assurbanipal, who, after the battle of the Ulaï in 653, put an end to the king's life.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8f3/v8f340.html (18122 words)

	History of Iran: Iranologie.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Babylonian king, Shemshu-Ilune, the son of Hamurabi the great law-giver, defeated the unorganised Kassite tribes and drove them back to their mountain strongholds.
		Their last king, Anllil-nadin-akhe, was defeated by the Elamite king and was taken prisoner to Susa where he died in 1180, putting an end to the Kassite power in Mesopotamia.
		Prior to their arrival, the plains of northern Persian Gulf were among the oldest civilised areas in the world history and the site of Susa was inhabited as far back as 4,200 BCE and had come under the rule of the kings of Akkad.
	www.iranologie.com /history/history1.html (3409 words)

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