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| | Crusader States, Kings of Jerusalem & Cyprus, Templars, Hospitallers, Israel, etc. |
 | | While the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and King Philip II Augustus of France went on the Crusade, Frederick died on the way, Philip soon left, and operations were mainly conducted by a third monarch, the King of England, Richard I, the Lion-Heart. |
 | | Before long, sons of King Frederick II of Sicily, brother of King James of Aragón, succeeded as Dukes, but then sovereignty began to be exercised by Kings of Sicily themselves, starting with Louis. |
 | | King 'Abd al-'Azîz Ibn Sa'ûd reportedly told Franklin Roosevelt that if the Jews deserved a state because, among other things, of what the Germans had done, then the state should be carved out of Germany, not out of Palestine. |
| www.friesian.com /outremer.htm (14418 words) |
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