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Topic: Kings of Lan Xang

	Encyclopedia: History of Laos
		The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang (or in Pali, Sisattanakhanahut) was established in 1354 by Fa Ngum.
		By the 17th century, the kingdom of Lan Xang entered a period of decline marked by dynastic struggle and conflicts with its neighbors.
		King Sisavang Vong of Luang Prabang was induced to declare independence from France in 1945, just prior to Japan's surrender.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Laos (1840 words)

	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Laos
		The name Lan Xang, which means “a million elephants,” was chosen to inspire fear among lesser rulers at a time when elephants were the principal engines of war.
		The king’s Buddha became a symbol of the Lao state, and his capital came to be called Louangphrabang, or Great Phra Bang, in honor of the Buddha.
		But the Lan Xang king at the time, Xetthathirat, was renowned more for his valiant defiance of the Burmese than for ruling Lan Na.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761551958___40/Laos.html (2352 words)

	Laos Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		King Souligna Vongsa, who ruled 1633-94, brought stability and peace back to the kingdom – a period regarded as Lan Xang’s golden age.
		King Sisavang Vong sided with the French, and the movement for Lao independence was crushed, causing Prince Phetsarath and Prince Souvanna Phouma to flee to Thailand.
		King Sisavang Vong was crowned constitutional monarch of all Laos in 1946.
	www.andes-trekking.co.uk /info/infolaos.html (2696 words)

	Laos - HISTORY
		In 1690, however, Lan Xang fell prey to a series of rival pretenders to its throne, and, as a result of the ensuing struggles, split into three kingdoms--Louangphrabang, Vientiane, and Champasak.
		In 1771 the king of Louangphrabang attacked Vientiane, determined to punish it for what he perceived to be its complicity in a Burmese attack on his capital in 1765.
		But the king was in no hurry, and it was not until April 23 that the king signaled his acceptance of the constitution and reaffirmed the unity of Laos by a royal ordinance.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/laos/HISTORY.html (18366 words)

	Getting Down in Laos, The Invented State -- ThingsAsian Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As Lan Xang declined after the reign of Surinyavongsa in the 17th century, it was periodically humiliated by Siam.
		Lan Xang became little more than a fiefdom of Siam and a punching bag of the Ho, until King Unkham, beleaguered by these local enemies, enlisted the help of the French.
		Across the street from the LNM, the multi-story LNCH is a glorious example of Lan Xang architecture, with a dash of paint in Communist red.
	www.thingsasian.com /goto_article/article.1224.html (1021 words)

	A Concise History of Southeast Asia, Chapter 2
		King Rama Khamheng was able to be a good ruler, warrior, diplomat and patron of Buddhism and the arts--all at the same time.
		The next important king, Boromoraja II (1424-48), was the third son of the king before him; he never expected to inherit the throne himself, but both of his elder brothers killed each other in a duel fought on elephants.
		The new kingdom was named Lan Xang, the "Land of a Million Elephants." He devoted the rest of his reign to enlarging the state, until it was considered an equal by its older neighbors.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /seasia/sea02.html (7911 words)

	Laos Travel: Country facts
		The rudimentary structures of a multiethnic state existed before the founding of the Kingdom of Lan Xang in the thirteenth century.
		In 1563, King Settathirat declared Vientiane the capital of Lan Xang, and built Wat Pra Keo to house the Emerald Buddha, a gift from the king of Ceylon, as a new talisman for the kingdom.
		After years of paying vassalage to the Siamese kings, an ill-fated war against their rule in 1820 was the undoing of both these kingdoms, and also brought about the total destruction of the once beautiful city of Vientiane.
	www.optiontours.com /l_fact.html (1139 words)

	Fa Ngum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Somdetch Brhat-Anya Fa Ladhuraniya Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Maharaja Brhat Rajadharana Sri Chudhana Negara better known as Fa Ngum (1316 - 1393, born in Muang Sua, died in Nan) established the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang in 1354.
		In 1353, he fought the ultimate battle against his uncle near Xieng Dong Xieng Thong and won, becoming the undisputed master of the land, which he named Lan Xang.
		His son Samsenethai then ascended to the throne of Lan Xang.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Fa_Ngum (203 words)

	Lan Xang : Lan Xang - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lan Xang sounds like the name of a traditional Chinese artist, but there is no traditional Chinese music on this CD.
		Nor does the CD feature a musician who is actually named Lan Xang; rather, Lan Xang is the name of an American jazz quartet that includes Dave Binney on alto sax and flute, Donny McCaslin on tenor and soprano sax, Scott Colley on upright bass, and Jeff Hirshfield on drums and percussion.
		Lan Xang favors an inside/outside approach (mostly inside), and when the pianoless combo does venture outside, nothing terribly harsh or abrasive occurs.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,918652,00.html (280 words)

	(Srisongrug) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Lao King knew that the Ayutthya king and queen had a very beutiful and brave daughter by the name of Thao-Thep-ka-sat-tee.The Lao king begged the Ayutthya king (whom he called an uncle) for the princess to be his queen.
		The princess was sick so the Thai king gave another daughter from a consort.However the Lao king did not want and insisted for the princess only.
		Ayutthaya was deliberated in 1584 and Lan Xang was deliberated in 1595.
	geocities.com /tokyo/9149/songrug.html (530 words)

	[No title]
		King Mongkut (King Rama IV) concentrated on the modernization and westernization of the nation.
		King Fa Ngum was able to take over all the Khorat Plateau except some parts around Khorat city (or Nakhon Ratchasima) which were still in hostile hands.18 It was the first mass migration of Lao to the Northeast region.
		Thailand moved her new capital from Thonburi, which was on the left bank of the Chao Phraya River, to the present Bangkok location.25 In 1804, King Rama II of Bangkok placed Chao Anu of Vientiane, his personal friend, as the new king of Vientiane.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~karnchan/thai_isa.txt (19984 words)

	Laos
		A new kingdom known as Lan Xang, came into being, incorporating large parts of present day Thailand in the west and as far as Champa in the East.
		The impending defeat of Japan forced the King to reconfirm the status of Luang Prabang as a French Protectrate.
		King Sisavang Vong, together with the Queen, the Crown Prince and several other members of the Royal family were removed to "re-education camps" in the north-eastern province of Houaphan on 11
	www.4dw.net /royalark/Laos/laos.htm (1059 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum > Cambodia and Xieng Khouang
		The Phuan are said to be descended from the second son of Khun Bulom, the legendary ancestor of the Tai, while the Lao of Lan Xang are descendants of the eldest son.
		King Anou summoned Noi to Vientiane and imprisoned him for three years, during which he tried to install a commoner as the new king, thus effectively reducing Xieng Khouang to a Lao province.
		King Chan died of illness at the end of 1834, posing additional problems for the Vietnamese as he had no sons and his eldest daughter was suspected of being pro-Thai.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t3196.html (16853 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fa Ngum is believed to have established the Kingdom of Lan Xang (Million Elephants) in 1353, the forerunner of the modern Laotian state.
		According to the state media, honoring Fa Ngum and other kings is seen as a way to boost national unity and patriotism and reinforce traditional Buddhist values.
		The government declared Sunday a national holiday in honor of the "father of Lao unity" and the 650th anniversary of the founding of Lan Xang.
	home1.gte.net /eskandar/laoskings.html (207 words)

	7th International Conference on Thai Studies - Buddhism, Cults and Popular Culture
		The Kings of Lan-Xang whose name appeared in the stone inscriptions are king Phothisal, King Chaichetthathiraja, King Sumangkhalaphothisat, and King Vorarathana Dhamraprasot, etc. The substance in these stone inscriptions mentioned to the Kings declare the defined area of Buddhist temples, announcing the donation of paddy fields and temple-serfs to Buddhist temples.
		Support from the King is asked in matters of which quite a few are considered government affairs in a civic society.
		State-bound attempts to create, through education and public ceremonies, an unconditional respect and love for King Chulalongkorn (as one of the manifestations of the state) have surpassed their original purpose and the veneration for the King has taken an unexpected and uncontrollable religious course.
	www2.fmg.uva.nl /seamain/icts7/religion.html (7030 words)

	[No title]
		In 1350, however,one of the Laos' great kings, King Fa Ngum, married a Khmer princess after he was forced into exile in Cambodia.
		King Fa Ngum was able to take some parts some parts of the Northeastern region which were still in hostile hands.
		In 1782 a new Chakkri dynasty, ruled by King Rama I, was established in the Thai kingdom.
	www-rci.rutgers.edu /~karnchan/isan_his.txt (11230 words)

	Loei, Pilgrimage to the Sacred Temples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This temple was built in 1560 as the symbol of fraternal relationship between Somdet Phra Maha Chakkaphat of the Ayutthaya Kingdom and Phrachao Chaiya chetthathirat of the Lan Xang Kingdom.
		The two kings pledged at this Phra That not to encroach upon the other’s territory, and to unify their forces against the invading Myanmar army.
		This Lan Xang-style Phra That is located on a hill by the Man River, at the supposed borderline between the two kingdoms.
	thai-tour.server101.com /eng/loei/sacred-temples.html (1120 words)

	Setthathirath - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1572, a conspiracy between a Lord Phya Nakhon and the former abbot of Wat Maximavat, who held personal grudges against Setthathirath, led to the king's murder in the southern frontier of the country.
		Selfish quarrels and conflicts among the feudal nobility and their followings led to disruptions and unrest within the population.
		There was little peace in Laos until King Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne in 1633 (possibly 1637).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Setthathirath (197 words)

	Search Results for artaxerxes i - Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		king of Wessex and of Kent (865/866–871), son of Aethelwulf of Wessex.
		He became king of Scotland the year after he was born when his mother was forced to abdicate.
		Unfortunately for Charles I (born 1600, ruled 1625–49), he was king of England in the days of the Puritan Revolution and at a time when new ideas of the rights of the people were coming into sharpest conflict with the old theory of the divine right of kings.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=artaxerxes%20i&ct=eb&fuzzy=N&iq=5&show=10&start=46 (1077 words)

	CBS Travel Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the interior of Ho Trai, the main hall and inset into the walls of the surrounding courtyard are hundreds of little niches and shelves containing a total of 6,840 Buddha images and Buddhist inscriptions of the 18th century.
		Wat Ho Phakeo - Ho Phakeo was built in 1565 by king Setthathirat when he moved the capital of Lan Xang from Luang Prabang to Vientiane.
		It was built in 1958 on Lan Xang Avenue, with architecture inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, and adorned with typical Lao motifs.
	www.cbstour.com /listtravel.php?country=Laos&m=0&n=10 (1146 words)

	Amazon.com: Lan Xang: Music: Lan Xang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lan Xang is a band that clearly loves instrumental contrasts.
		Lan Xang's members have an incredible rapport with each other, and their music is unlike anything you've heard from an ensemble of this instrumentation.
		Lan Xang as a group depeicts the ripe evolution of modern day jazz.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B00000INSS?v=glance (577 words)

	"You just found another killer review!"
		Lan Xang: self-titled (CD, 58:09); Mythology Records (DBINN1), 1997 Mythology Records 311 West 72nd Street New York, NY 10023, USA Phone: 212 362-3510 Orders: 1-888-684-2968 E-mail: beenknee@ix.netcom.com Cyberhome: http://www.mythologyrecords.com This is the "outer territory" of highly inventive yet accessible jazz.
		Lan Xang is a whirling, swirling, groovin', eclectically-charged blend of alto/tenor/soprano saxes, wood flute, acoustic bass, bells, Tunisian horn, percussion and drums.
		Experience this debut Lan Xang release for a breath of fresh jazz, cutting edge, and adventurous music.
	www.eer-music.com /reviews/dbinneytunes.html (987 words)

	History of LanXang Kingdom - Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After King Langthirath died, his son (Prince Khamphong) was crowned as King Souvanna Khamphong.
		After King Souvanna Khamphong died, his son "Chao Fifah" or "Kham Hiew" took the throne.
		King FaNgum was the creator of Lan Xang Kingdom in the 13th century.
	www.savannanet.com /history.html (339 words)

	Jewels of the Mekong - LAO P.D.R.
		It was called Lan Xang (Land of a Million Elephants) with Luang Prabang as its capital.
		His son, King Settharthirat, was revered as one of the Great Lao kings having protected his country from attack from the Burmese.
		In 1637 King Sulinya Vongsa took control and ruled for 57 years during what is said to have been the Lao golden age.
	www.travelmedia.com /mekong/lhist.html (562 words)

	Cambodia - THE ANGKORIAN PERIOD
		According to historian George Coedès, "No other Cambodian king can claim to have moved so much stone." Often, quality suffered for the sake of size and rapid construction, as is revealed in the intriguing but poorly constructed Bayon.
		The king, regarded as divine, owned both the land and his subjects.
		During the same period, Khmer territory north of the present Laotian border was lost to the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-2078.html (998 words)

	Southeast Asian History; History of Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Burma, Laos, Malaysia
		When he died one of his nephews gained the throne with the help of the Vietnamese army, and Lan Xang effectively became a Vietnamese satellite.
		Lan Xang disappeared, and after years of playing a diplomatic game to keep their freedom, all three Laotian states were conquered by Siam (1778).
		The kings were allowed to keep their thrones but were reduced to figureheads, with real power given to a Siamese commissioner.
	www.guidetothailand.com /thailand-history/lan_xang2.htm (309 words)

	Geometry.Net - Basic_L: Laos History
		King Fa Ngum established his capital at Luang Prabang and ruled a kingdom called Lane Xang (literally million elephants) which covered much of what today is Thailand and Laos.
		From then on, the Kingdom of Lan xang entered INTO an era of national defense and construction under King Fa Ngoum who first introduced Hinayana Buddhism FROM the Khmer Kingdom INTO Laos, which is still the religion professed by the majority of Lao people.
		In the 16th century Lan Xang entered a period of decline caused by dynastic struggles and conflicts with Burma, Siam (now Thailand), Vietnam, and the Khmer Kingdom.
	www4.geometry.net /detail/basic_l/laos_history.html (3726 words)

	Kings of Laos
		The early Lao kingdoms are closely related to the Thai states, with their sub-Indian civilization, and eventually are absorbed or dominated by Siam.
		Vientiane was the seat of the Lan Xang Kingdom from 1353 until it was aborbed by Siam in 1778.
		Although the kings were not deposed by the Thais, the whole Laotian state came under Thai suzerainty, until passing to French influence.
	asiarecipe.com /laoking.html (492 words)

	JUNE 19 - 21, 2004 - PHI TA KHON FESTIVAL 2004 - Dan Sai District, Loei District and Province
		Loei is a border town adjacent to present-day Laos, formerly known as the Lan Xang Kingdom in the past.
		Many of the temples and archaeological sites in Loei thus reflect the influence of the Lan Xang artistic style, particularly the sloping roof covered with wooden tiles commonly found in Loei.
		An inscription on the northern wall suggests that the mural paintings were completed in 1852 during the reign of King Rama IV.
	www.tatnews.org /events/2101.asp (1902 words)

	Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Burma, Tibet, & Mongolia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Thailand (with Laos), although seeking and accepting a diploma from China for its ruler as a king (wang), nevertheless is largely a sub-Indian rather than a sub-Chinese culture, with Theravada Buddhism and a Sanskrit-derived alphabet.
		However, in 1916 King Vajravudh was touring a flooded region and saw the flag flying upside down as a distress signal.
		The last King of the period is supposed to have turned against Buddhism, and the kingdom fragmented after him.
	www.friesian.org /perigoku.htm (7901 words)

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