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Topic: Kings of Sumer

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Sumerian king list

Chronology of the Ancient Near East

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List of pharaohs

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Kish (Sumer)

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Assyrian King List

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	Sumerian Mythology FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		One of the earlier kings in Kish was Etana who "stabilized all the lands" securing the First Dynasty of Kish and establishing rule over Sumer and some of its neighbors.
		Sumer was one of the first literate civilizations leaving many records of business transactions, and lessons from schools.
		The god of the plain or "king of the mountain", he is the god placed in charge of the plant and animal life on the plain of Sumer by Enki.
	home.comcast.net /~chris.s/sumer-faq.html (10387 words)

	Sumer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sumer (or Shumer, Sumeria, Shinar, native ki-en-gir) formed the southern part of Mesopotamia from the time of settlement by the Sumerians until the time of Babylonia.
		Each was centered on a temple dedicated to the patron god or goddess of the city and ruled over by a priest or king, who was intimately tied to the city's religious rites.
		He is the last ethnically Sumerian king before the arrival of the Semitic conqueror, Sargon of Akkad.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sumer (2311 words)

	Akkadian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Contract tablets have been found dated in the years of the campaigns against Palestine and Sarlak, king of Gutium or Kurdistan, and copper is mentioned as being brought from Magan (probably modern Oman).
		The power of these kings extended to the Mediterranean, and we possess a large number of contemporary monuments in the form of contracts and similar business documents, as well as chronological tables, belonging to their reigns.
		The last king of the dynasty was Samsu-Ditana, son of.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Akkadian_Empire (1409 words)

	Babylon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It was under the rule of king Nebuchadnezzar (605 BC-562 BC) that Babylon had become one of the most splendid cities of the ancient world.
		After passing through various vicissitudes the city was occupied in 538 BC by Cyrus the Great, king of Persia, who issued a decree permitting the Jews to return to their own land (Ezra 1).
		In 331 BC The Persian king Darius III was defeated by the forces of the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great at the battle of Gaugamela, and in October Babylon saw its invasion and occupation.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Babylon (1418 words)

	Encyclopedia: Kings of Akkad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		An interregnum is a period between kings, between popes of the Roman Catholic Church, or between consuls of the Roman Republic.
		Elulu was a Babylonian King from unknown to 2254 BCE.
		Uruk (Sumerian Unug, Biblical Erech, Greek OrchoÃ« and Arabic Warka), was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates, on the line of the ancient Nil canal, in a region of marshes, about 140 miles SSE from Baghdad.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kings-of-Akkad (712 words)

	Sumer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Sumerian itself is generally regarded as a language isolate in Linguistics because it belongs to no known language family, as compared, for example, to Akkadian which belongs to the Afro-Asiatic languages.
		The Sumerians inhabited various city-states, each centered on a temple dedicated to the patron god of the city and ruled over by a king, who was intimately tied to the city's religious rites.
		Though females could achieve a higher status in Sumer than in some other civilizations, the culture remained predominantly male-dominated.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Sumeria (1920 words)

	Assyria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The next king, Ashurnasirpal II (883-858 BC), embarked on a vast program of merciless expansion, first terrorizing the peoples to the north as far as Nairi, then subjecting the Aramaeans between the Khabur and the Euphrates.
		Ashurnasirpal's son, Shalmaneser III (858-823 BC), fought against Urartu, and in the reign of Ahab, king of Israel, he marched an army against the Syrian states, whose allied army he encountered and vanquished at Karkar (854).
		In 738 BC, in the reign of Menahem, king of Israel, Tiglath-Pileser III occupied Philistia and invaded Israel, imposing on it a heavy tribute (2 Kings 15:19).
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Assyria (1890 words)

	Babylonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It was in the sixth year of Nabonidus (549 BC) that Cyrus, the Achaemenid Persian "king of Anshan" in Elam, revolted against his suzerain Astyages, "king of the Manda" or Medes, at Ecbatana.
		Three years later Cyrus had become king of all Persia, and was engaged in a campaign in the north of Mesopotamia.
		Cyrus now claimed to be the legitimate successor of the ancient Babylonian kings and the avenger of Bel-Marduk, who was assumed to be wrathful at the impiety of Nabonidus in removing the images of the local gods from their ancestral shrines, to his capital Babylon.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Babylonia (1211 words)

	Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The correspondence of the Hittite kings Hattusili III and Tudhaliya IV with the Assyrian chancellor conclusively proves that they were the contemporaries of Adad-nirari I, Shalmaneser I and, not their later namesakes.
		The Chaldean king Nabonidus (reigned from 556 BC), who was more of an antiquarian than a politician, and spent his time in excavating the older temples of his country and ascertaining the names of their builders, tells us that Naram-Sin, the son of Sargon of Akkad, lived 3200 years before himself, i.e.
		This is a list of the kings of Babylon and the Persian Empire, from Nabonassar down to Alexander the Great, which Claudius Ptolemy added to one of his books because of the astronomical observations connected with this information.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Chronology_of_Babylonia_and_Assyria (4482 words)

	Kings of Assyria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The dates for the kings given below as reigning between 1420 BC and 1179 BC are particularly problematic, as the dating differs depending on which of the Assyrian King Lists is given precedence.
		The dating below for the kings of this period is based on Assyrian Kings Lists B and C, which give only three years to Ninurta-apal-Ekur, and the same to Ashur-nadin-apli.
		This version is followed by many sources, which thus give Ashur-uballit I as succeeding in 1366 BC and Shalmaneser I in 1275 BC.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kings_of_Assyria (356 words)

	Nineveh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The study of the archaeology of Nineveh reveals the wealth and glory of ancient Assyria under kings such as Esarhaddon (681-669 B.C.) and Ashurbanipal (669-626 B.C.).
		The work of exploration has been carried on almost continuously by M. Botta, George Smith, and others, in the mounds of Nebi Yunus, Nimrud, Kouyunjik, and Khorsabad, and a vast treasury of specimens of Assyria was exhumed for European museums.
		Nineveh is the flourishing capital of the Assyrian empire (2 Kings 19:36; Isa.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Nineveh (1705 words)

	Philosophy of History
		Margraves & Electors of Brandenburg & Kings of Prussia
		Savoyard and Bourbon Kings of Naples and Sicily
		The Kings of Tibet and the Dalai Lamas
	www.friesian.com /philhist.htm (1327 words)

	[No title]
		The Sumerian King List, written early in the second millennium Before Common Era, supplied the names of the king along with the lengths of their reigns, dynasty by dynasty, and concluded with the well-known rules of the Third Dynasty of Ur and their successors at Isin.
		Early Dynastic Sumer was a loose-knit confederation of small city-states whose relationships with one another varied from vassalage to equality, but never unity.
		Sargon was the first king to unite all of Mesopotamia under one ruler, and the Akkadian empire became a prototype for later kings.
	saturniancosmology.org /files/kings/sumer_kinglist.txt (3946 words)

	Sumerian king list - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Conspicuously absent from this list are the priest-rulers of Lagash, who are known directly from inscriptions from ca.
		Three kings of, ruling for a total of 356 years.
		Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to the army of Gutium.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Sumerian_king_list (941 words)

	Kish (Sumer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sumerian king list states it was the first city to have kings after the Deluge.
		While the name of that king is lost to history along with most of the history of his empire, the imposing title remains.
		The structure of Kishite bureaucracy and government can in some way be reconstructed from Akkadian practices, as the Akkadian kings copied much from the leaders of Kish who in turn preserved a great deal from the earlier days of the Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kish_(Sumer) (462 words)

	Lagash
		Lagash or Sirpurla was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia.
		It was at that time ruled by independent kings, Ur-Nina (34th century BC) and his successors, who were engaged in contests with the Elamites on the east and the kings of Kengi and Kish on the north.
		Indeed, it was in this period and under the immediately succeeding supremacy of the kings of Ur, Ur-Gur and Dungi, that it reached its highest artistic development.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Lagash (828 words)

	Ur - RSCI, The Science Classification Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Eventually the kings of Ur became the "official" rulers of Sumer, in what is known as the first dynasty of Ur, which was established by the king Mesannepada (or Mesanepada, Mes-Anni-Padda).
		The third dynasty was established when the king Ur-Nammu (or Urnammu) came to power, ruling between 2112 BC and 2094 BC.
		Evidence was found of restoration by the ziggurat by Ishme-Dagan of Isin and Gimil-Sin of Ur, and of Kuri-galzu, a Cossaean (Kassite) king of Babylon, of the 14th century BC.
	www.scindex.org /Ur.html (1070 words)

	The Sumerian King List
		All told, twenty-three kings ruled a total of 24,510 years, 3 months and 3½ days before Kish was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Eanna.
		All told, twelve kings ruled a total of 2,310 years in Eanna before Uruk was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Ur.
		All told, four kings ruled a total of 177 years before Ur was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Awan.
	www.jameswbell.com /a002kinglist.html (1609 words)

	OTNET.NET
		The king often contributed very little as far as physical labour was concerned, nevertheless numerous images and inscriptions honour his enterprises as though he alone did all the work.
		Even kings who were not the actual kings of Kish and the later kings of the first two Akkadian empires chose to call themselves King of Kish (cf Kuhrt 1995:41-42).
		But the king was also responsible for social justice and to protect the weakest of the weak from abuse.
	www.otnet.net /wmview.php?ArtID=36 (1186 words)

	Sumerian king list - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It cannot be ruled out that even the earliest names in the list correspond to historical rulers who later became legendary figures.
		This has led some to suggest that Gilgamesh himself was a historical king of Uruk, and not just a legendary one.
		Enlil-Bani of Isin: 24 years(the king's gardener, to celebrate the New Year was named 'king for a day' then sacrificed, the king died during the celebration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sumerian_king_list (941 words)

	The Egyptian Old Kingdom, Sumer and Akkad
		Meanwhile, Kings like the Scorpion and Na'rmer are sometimes assigned to a "Dynasty Zero," probably much the horror of ordinalists everywhere.
		All these kings are titled "Horus." The queens, on the other hand, seem to be titled "Neith," after the goddess familiar at Sais in later centuries.
		The average length of reign in the VI Dynasty is anomalous, 40 years, because of small number of kings and the unusual reign of Pepi II.
	www.friesian.com /notes/oldking.htm (5093 words)

	PB Language - The mystery of the sacred number 7
		It occurs particularly frequently in drawings representing the kings of Sumer and it was a symbol of the king bestowed by the power of the heavens.
		A series of Bulgarian kings were likewise depicted with stars around their face, the tradition was particularly characteristic for the earliest period of the Bulgarian state.
		The numerical value of the Proto-Bulgarian star - the number seven, was also closely associated with its value as a symbol of the king's power - it was both the admiration of the seven celestial bodies and the idea that the king's power extended in seven directions (the so-called "seven climates").
	www.kroraina.com /pb_lang/pbl_2_12.html (1313 words)

	Chronology_of_the_Ancient_Near_East (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		They provide clear evidence that the New Kingdom kings Amenhotep III and Akhenaten were contemporaries of Kadashman-Enlil I and Burnaburiash II of Babylon, Ashur-uballit I of Assyria, and Suppiluliumas I of the Hittite empire.
		The correspondence of the Hittite kings Hattusili III and Tudhaliya IV with the Assyrian chancellor Babu-ahu-iddina conclusively proves that they were the contemporaries of Adad-nirari I, Shalmaneser I and Tukulti-Ninurta I, not their later namesakes.
		He was a contemporary of Urukagina king of Lagash (reigned 2407-2399 BC) and Sargon (2399-2343 BC) king of Akkad.
	www.startrekconvention.com /search.php?title=Chronology_of_the_Ancient_Near_East (4517 words)

	Part 3: The Mysteries of Sumer
		So then, it should be evident to the researcher of Sumer that in order to properly understand Sumerian History and the Sumerians themselves, the researcher must understand, in proper context and perspective, the gods that ruled and motivated the Sumerian People.
		But, before we look at the gods of Sumer, we need to understand what it is that makes it so important for us to understand these ‘deities’ we need to examine the mysterious ‘anomalous’ data that is associated with this ancient society.
		The historical data available to us regarding this mysterious civilization tends to support the concept of Sumer as the source for the customs, languages, politics, the arts and ‘religions’ of those more familiar civilizations that followed on her heels.
	www.parascience.org /Part3.htm (2818 words)

	Wikinfo \| Uruk
		Uruk (Sumerian Unug, Biblical Erech and Arabic Warka), was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates, on the line of the ancient Nil canal, in a region of marshes, about 140 miles SSE from Baghdad.
		According to the Sumerian king list, Uruk was founded by Enmerkar, who brought the official kingship with him from the city of Eanna.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Uruk (493 words)

	Ninhursaga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Temple hymn sources identify her as the "true and great lady of heaven," and the kings of Sumer were "nourished by Ninhursaga's milk." Distinct from the goddess Inanna, she enjoys closer links with fecundity and birth, and is occasionally portrayed as a midwife, or with bosom bare and carry a baby in her left arm.
		She is typically depicted wearing horned headdress and tiered skirt, often with bow cases at her shoulders; not infrequently carrying a mace or baton surmounted by the omega motif or a derivation; sometimes accompanied by a lion cub on a lease.
		As "lady of the diadem," according to the Babylonian investiture ritual, she placed the golden crown on the king in the Eanna temple.
	www.themystica.com /mythical-folk/articles/ninhursaga.html (286 words)

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