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Topic: Kipchak Khanate

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	TATARS. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The original Tatars probably came from E central Asia or central Siberia; unlike the Mongols, they spoke a Turkic language and were possibly akin to the Cumans or Kipchaks and the Pechenegs.
		Internal divisions, the expansion of Moscow, the invasion by Timur, and the appearance of the Ottoman Turks contributed to the disintegration of the Tatar empire in the late 15th cent.
		Russia conquered the khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Sibir (Siberia); the khans of Crimea became (1478) vassals of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ta/Tatars.html (595 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan.
		The military of the khanate consisted of armament and men from the darughas and subject lands, khan guards, and the troops of the nobility.
		In 1521, Kazan emerged from the dominance of Moscow, concluding a mutual aid treaty with the Astrakhan Khanate, the Crimean Khanate and the Nogay Horde.
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Kazan_Khanate (1986 words)

	Golden Horde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Horde's supreme ruler was the khan, chosen by the kurultai among Batu Khan's descendants.
		By the end of the century the Siberia Khanate was also part of Russia, and descendants of its ruling khans entered Russian service.
		The Khanate of Crimea became a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire in 1475 and subjugated what remained of the Great Horde by 1502.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kipchak_Khanate (1627 words)

	Golden Horde
		The Golden Horde (also Kipchak Khanate) was a Mongol state established by Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, when the Mongols invaded Russia.
		None of these new Khanates were stronger than Muscovy, which finally broke free of Mongol control in 1480.
		The Khanate of the Crimea allied itself with the Ottoman Empire, however, and remained outside of Russia's control until the reign of Catherine the Great.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/go/Golden_Horde.html (507 words)

	What is Batu Khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		1205 - 1255) was a Mongol ruler, founder of the Kipchak Khanate.
		He was planning new campaigns but he died in 1255 and the khanate passed to Sartak.
		The Kipchak Khanate was known in Russia and Europe as the Golden Horde (Zolotaya Orda) because of the Golden colour of the Khan's tent.
	www.whatis.tv /Batu.html (332 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Crimean Tatars, until 1478
		Soon the Kipchak Tatar Khanate, in the west known as the Khanate of the Golden Horde, emerged, with their political center at Saray on the lower Volga.
		Within the Khanate of the Golden Horde, the Crimea was a remote region; the coastal cities, most notably Kaffa (until 1478 held by the Republic of Genoa) was of some importance; the pastures of the Crimea were regarded less important.
		According to tradition, the Tatar clans of the Crimea requested the Grand Duke of Lithuania, where Haci Giray lived in exile, to give them the latter as their Khan (1443); what qualified him for the position was his descend from the ruling family of the Golden Horde.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/russia/crimeapre1478.html (454 words)

	DoRe`S Community - Mongol Conquests and Eurasian Integration
		The western Khanates of the Asian steppes had a large Turkish population, and the Mongol rulers were gradually Turkicized and slowly permeated by the Islamic culture.
		In the Kipchak Khanate (or the Golden Horde, in Russia), although Berke's successors were non-Muslims, it was engulfed by Muslim Turks from all around.
		The western Khanates were fragmented into small principalities, and the great Mongol Empire wrought by the arms of Chingiz Khan and his immediate successors seemed to be dissolving in the second half of the fourteenth century.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/dore/text3.html (3745 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		His Blue Horde became the Golden Horde (or Kipchak Khanate), which ruled Russia for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies of Poland and Hungary.
		The Kipchak Khanate ruled Russia through local princes for the next 130 years.
		The Kipchak Khanate was known in Russia and Europe as the Golden Horde (Zolotaya Orda) some think because of the Golden colour of the Khan's tent.
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Batu_Khan (1758 words)

	Golden Horde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It was one of the four Mongol successor kingdoms in the wake of the Mongol Empire, the others being the Ilkhanate Dynasty of Persia, the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, and the Yuan Dynasty of China.
		The Khanate of the Crimea became a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire in 1475 and in 1502 it conquered and annexed what remained of the Golden Horde.
		Under the protection of the Ottomans, the Khanate of Crimea continued its existence until annexed by Russia on April 8 1783 under the reign of Catherine the Great.
	golden-horde.iqnaut.net (932 words)

	Potpourri-The Mongol Peoples: Window in History
		Timur, who conquered most of the Chaghtai khanate in the 14th century and founded a new empire, had descent from Chingiz Khan, as did Babur, who in the 16th century founded the Mughal (i.e., Mongol) empire in India.
		Internal divisions, the expansion of Moscow, the invasion by Timur, and the appearance of the Ottoman Turks contributed to the disintegration of the Tatar Empire in the late 15th century.
		In the 16th century Russia conquered the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Sibir (Siberia); the Khans of Crimea became (1478) vassals of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.manipuronline.com /Potpourri/August2002/themongols17_1.htm (1653 words)

	Batu Khan Summary
		Batu succeed Ogodei Khan in 1242 and established Kipchak Khanate, known as the Golden Horde because of its beautiful tents.
		His Blue Horde became the Golden Horde (or Kipchak Khanate), which ruled Russia for 250 years, after also destroying the armies of Poland and Hungary.
		The Kipchak Khanate ruled Russia directly, or in the case of Novgorod by vassal status, for the next 130 years.
	www.bookrags.com /Batu_Khan (2161 words)

	Batu Khan
		Batu was a potential Grand Khan and when he failed to win this he turned to consolidate his conquests in Asia and the Urals.
		He established the capital of his khanate at Sarai (also transcribed as Saraj or Saray) on the lower Volga in 1242.
		The Kipchak Khanate was known in Russia and Europe as the Golden Horde (Zolotaya Orda) after the yellow colour of their tents.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/b/ba/batu_khan.html (341 words)

	TurkicWorld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Kipchak on Altai subordinated to Khan Yukuk Yabgu
		Kipchaks are invaded and defeated on river Suten (Molochnaya) by Vladimir Monomakh and Svyatopolk Izyaslavich of Kiev.
		Kipchaks settled E. of Lower Ilek river left stone kurgans with rectangular burials facing East, with a hide or a mummy of harnessed and saddled horse.
	s155239215.onlinehome.us /turkic/70_Dateline/kipchak_dateline_Ru.htm (3152 words)

	Wikinfo \| Kipchaks
		Kipchaks are an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC.
		Some of the descendents of the Kipchaks are now known as Karaims.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Kipchaks (232 words)

	Central Asian History, Part 1
		The revolt of the Turks against the Chinese and the re-establishment of the Turkic Khanate in Mongolia.
		The reestablishment of the Eastern Turkic Khanate in the Tarim Basin.
		The establishment of the Kipchak Turkic Mamluke dynasty in Egypt.
	www.oxuscom.com /cahist1.htm (2005 words)

	EefyWiki - 16d: The Mongol Occupation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Golden Horde (also known as the Kipchak Khanate) was neither golden in color nor a motley crew of wild men.
		Yet the Golden Horde (or the Kipchaks) had no intention of settling down in or even occupying their new conquests.
		It served as the capital of the Kipchaks, or as the Russians called them, "the Golden Horde." Although the Mongols contributed little, if anything, to Russian culture, they tolerated Russian ways, even allowing the Orthodox church to name a bishop for the city of Sarai.
	eefy.editme.com /L16d (1089 words)

	Wikinfo \| Golden Horde
		The Golden Horde (also known as Kipchak Khanate) was a Mongol state established in Russia by Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan.
		It was one of the four Mongol successor kingdoms in the wake of the Mongol empire, the others being the Ilkhanid Dynasty of Persia, the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, and the Yuan Dynasty of China.
		By the end of the century the Siberia Khanate was also part of Muscovy.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Golden_Horde (676 words)

	Brian Williams:The Book
		In the process, the ancient origins of the culture of the south-Crimean sub-ethnic group of Tatars, known as the Tats, is examined and used to dispute simplistic claims for the nomadic, Mongol origin of this people who would, under the influence of Islam and Mongol ruling institutions, later form the Tatars of the Crimea.
		This chapter analyzes the culture of the Crimean Tatars (both urban and rural) during the period of the Crimean Khanate and Ottoman rule on the south Crimean coast.
		An in-depth analysis of life in the Khanate and the Ottoman coastal province is provided here and the differences between the Kipchak Turkic speaking Tatar sub-ethnic group of the north Crimean steppes (the nomadic Nogais) and the ancient sedentary Tatars of the south (the Tats) is further explored.
	www.stetson.edu /~gwilliam/bgwilliams/book_summary.html (2748 words)

	Empire of the Golden Horde - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The empire, also called the Kipchak Khanate, had its capital first at Sarai Batu near Astrakhan on the lower Volga and later at Sarai Berke on the Volga near present-day Volgograd.
		Its ascendancy terminated the rise of Kievan Rus (Kiev was razed in 1240) and ultimately, although indirectly, contributed to the predominance of Muscovite Russia (see Moscow, grand duchy of).
		The state was conquered by Timur, who in 1395 dealt a final blow by sacking Sarai Berke.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-goldenh1e1.html (555 words)

	Shaybanids
		A branch of the Shaybanids sliced off the khanate of Astrakhan from the Golden Horde or Kipchak Khanate in 1466.
		But the real founder of Shaybanid power was Muhammad Shaybani, grandson of Abu'l Khair, who ca1500, with the backing of the Chaghataite Khanate, then based in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), conquered Samarkand and Bukhara from their last Timurid rulers.
		By 1600, the Shaybanid domains had been constituted into the khanates of Bukhara and Khiva.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /history/s/Shaybanids.htm (293 words)

	Nomads of the Steppe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In Turkic called Kipchaks, by the Russians called Polovetses, the Cumans were a vast tribal confederation that at times stretched from the Aral Sea, across the Volgan and Ukrainian steppes, to as far west as Hungary.
		Meanwhile, the Kipchak (Cumans) who had broken off from the Kimak and invaded the Pontic steppes divided into many tribes and principalities, as often fighting among themselves as with Russian or Pecheneg enemies.
		However, there continue to be tantalizing references in Muslim sources of battles against "Khazars" in the Caucasus well into the late 1000's- whether Khazar states continued to survive or their name was used generically to describe Caucasian highlanders is unclear.
	www.hostkingdom.net /siberia.html (7937 words)

	Genghis Khan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Heading home, Mongols assaulted the Kipchaks and were intercepted by the allied troops of Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III of Kiev, along with about 80,000 Kievan Rus'.
		In 1256, during the rule of Ögedei, Hulagu Khan, son of Tolui, was charged with the conquest of the Muslim nations to the southwest of the empire.
		In addition to the Khanates and other descendants, the Mughal emperor Babur's mother was a descendant and also Timur, the 14th century military leader claimed descent from Genghis Khan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Genghis_Khan (9805 words)

	Khanate of the Golden Horde
		In route they destroyed the Bulgar khanate on the Volga River, pacified the numerous Turkic tribes of the steppes, and conquered the Russian cities.
		In most contemporary sources, the Golden Horde was referred to as the Khanate of the Qipchaq as the Qipchaq Turks comprised the majority of the nomadic population in the region (the Ulus Jochid).
		By the middle of the 15th century, the Golden Horde had shattered into the Crimean Khanate, the Astrakhanate, the Sibir Khanate, Kazan Khanate, the Nogai Horde and the Great Horde.
	www.accd.edu /sac/history/keller/Mongols/states3.html (1075 words)

	World History
		In this khanate the Mongols were greatly outnumbered by Turks; the Turkish language soon displaced Mongol, and Islam became the prevailing religion.
		Because its reservoir of nomad power was in the Kipchak Steppe, the Golden Horde is sometimes known as the Kipchak khanate.
		To the east were the khanates of the House of Chagatai and the Il-Khans of Iran (Persia).
	members.tripod.com /gpf/worldhistory.html (21681 words)

	Back to the Mongols in Hungary! - NetSword Discussion Forums
		Batu’s Muslim brother Berke became the Kipchak Khan in 1257 and imposed on the khanate a strategic reorientation.
		In later times the Kipchak Mongols intervened in Hungary, especially in the 1280s and 1290s, when Prince Nogai was virtual co-ruler of the Kipchak khanate.
		While Kipchak continued to be an effective power for longer than any of the other Mongol khanates, its survival was also due to its remoteness from civilisation.
	netsword.com /ubb/Forum4/HTML/000241.html (12336 words)

	Mongols & Mongolians - Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, Mongols And Tibetans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Hungarians and Archduke Frederick of Austria blamed the Mongol attack on the Kipchak chieftan and killed Huotuosihan [Khotyan] for sake of pacifying the Mongols.
		Later, Tului sons exterminated the ruling of Ogedei descendants and diminished the domain of Ogedei descendants, and Chagadai domain was curtailed; Hulegu was given the territories beyond the Oxus River and the Hindu Kush.
		Nominally, Khubilai Khan was in charge of all khanates: 'Amu-darya Xingsheng' was in charge of Ilkhante and Kipchak Khanate; 'Lingbei (north ridge) Xingsheng' was in charge of Ogedei Khanate [Tacheng]; and two 'yuan shuai (marshal)' offices were in charge of Chagadai Khanate [Ili].
	www.republicanchina.org /Mongol-part-2.html (9890 words)

	Amazon.com: "Kipchak Khanate": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		the Golden Horde, perhaps because of the color of its tents, but it was known in the East as the Kipchak Khanate because he had absorbed so many of the Kipchak Turks of the Russian steppe into it.
		To the west, with its capital at Sarai on the Lower Volga, the Kipchak Khanate, or `Khanate of the Golden Horde' controlled the steppe lands and exercised suzerainty over the Russian principalities.
		It was also known as the Kipchak Khanate, which included the steppes of Central Asia and the conquered khanate of Khorezm (Khiva) Z This vast realm was ruled...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Kipchak-Khanate (488 words)

	Amazon.com: "Chaghadai Khanate": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Central Asia was commanded by the Chaghadai Khanate, centred on Balasaghun and extending south to the Hindu Kush.
		Succession struggles and economic problems bedeviled Yan China and Il-Khanate Persia in the fourteenth century; the Chaghadai Khanate faced insurmountable obstacles in seeking to control the nomads and far-flung oasis dwellers of Central Asia; and the Golden Horde...
		The Jagadai (Chaghadai) Khanate consisted of the Central Asian lands to the west of the Domain of the Great Khan.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Chaghadai-Khanate (513 words)

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