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Topic: Kipchak language

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	Kipchaks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The western Kipchaks was known as Cumans (Kuman, Kuns) in Western Europe and Polovtsy (Polovtsians) in Russia and Ukraine, or by other names, most of which have the meaning "pale", or "sallow".
		Kipchaks were a conferderation of pastoralists and warriors of Turkic origin who lived in yurts (movable tents), known in Russian as Polovtsi, coming from the region of the River Irtysh.
		The Kipchak spoke a Turkic language whose most important surviving record is the Codex Cumanicus, a late 13th-century dictionary of words in Kipchak and Latin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kipchak (552 words)

	Kipchak language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kipchak language (also spelled Qypchaq) is an extinct Turkic language of the Kipchak group.
		The descendants of the Kipchak language include the majority of Turkic languages spoken in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus today, as Kipchak was used as a lingua franca in Golden Horde-ruled lands.
		Kazakhs are remnants of Eastern Kipchak tribes who lived in Northern Kazakhstan in the 10th century, but migrated to Europe later.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kipchak_language (136 words)

	Chuvash History
		Tatar language was the official language of Altin-Orda State and Islam was its official religion of the state.
		As a continuation of the policy of Russian identity, the Chuvash language was externalised and the official language of Chuvashistan was stated as Russian in the constitution.
		In accordance with a law adopted in 1991, the statement of "The official and educational language of Chuvash Autonomous Republic is Russian language" was changed as "The official and educational languages of Chuvash Autonomous Republic are Russian and Chuvash languages".
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0007/0007_15_07_2.htm (1225 words)

	Turkic Branch of the Altaic Language Family
		An agglutinative language is one in which each affix typically represents one unit of meaning, e.g.,'past tense', 'plural', or 'masculine'.
		Languages spoken on the territory of the former Soviet Union have a large number of Russian loanwords.
		All Turkic languages are considered to belong to Category II in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/march/TurkicBranch.html (768 words)

	LANGUAGE
		Crimean Tatar is a Kipchak language from the Western Turkic language group which, however, has been strongly influenced by Oguz through Ottoman Turkish.
		The Tatar language was at a sadvantage the official language was Ottoman Turkish, and did not develop a literary variant (Boev, 1964, pp.
		The main marker of Tatarlik " Tatar ethnicity " is the Tatar language.
	members.fortunecity.com /timurberk/kirim/ttrbg/language.html (630 words)

	The Mongols in the West
		Whatever their internal dissensions may have been, language and religion were powerful bonds between the Russian princes and set them, as well as their Slavic subjects, apart from their Tatar overlords whose power-base, in language as well as in religion, was more divided.
		The major document of the Cuman language as used on the territory of the Golden Horde is the so-called Codex Cumanicus 71 a compilation of various texts originally written in the first decade of the 14th century by Italians and Germans.
		Although language and religion were important for defining and maintaining a national identity, as is so often the case, it was the fertility rate which decided the outcome of the struggle for national survival.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/articles/sinor1.htm (13535 words)

	Sakaliba are Kipchaks
		The native language or the history of the people were not studied in then in medrese, the studies were limited to the Arabian, Persian or Turkish languages and the common Muslim history.
		Kashgari, marking affinity of Bulgarian, Suvarian and Kipchak languages, writes, that “the sound d, present in the language of Chigils and other Turkic peoples, in the language of Kipchaks, Yamaks, Suvars, Bulgars and others peoples, who are spread to Romans and Russians, is replaced with a sound z”.
		If it is found in the language of Bulgarian epitaphs, it is possible to explain it by the influence of the language of Chuvash ancestors on the language of Bulgarian epitaphs.
	www.turkleronline.com /turkler/turk_turuk/koken_isim/datelines/sakaliba_are_kipchaks.htm (5350 words)

	Cuman - DQWiki
		Faced with superior numbers, technology and tactics, the Cuman and Kipchak fell back to the west, fading away to lands of more and more marginal value, until it became too difficult for the settlers to eke out a living on conquered lands.
		The Great Betrayal of two hundred years ago, in which the Kipchak allied with Louis the Great of DeBourgnac, led to the destruction of all the other tribes and the deaths of most of the Cuman.
		Kipchak is in the Nomadic languages group, and is closest to Mongolian in flavour.
	www.dragonquest.org.nz /dqwiki/index.php/Cuman (671 words)

	íõòáä áäöé. ïÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÓÁÊÔ. \| ëÎÉÇÉ - Adji Murad. Asia's Europa. Volume 1 (Europe, ...
		Having made the Kipchaks - Cyril and Methodius - "Slavic teachers" Russian chroniclers sent elder Cyril (Constantine, to put it more precisely) to Kiev with a Christian mission, neglecting the fact that traces of those great people of their time were also found in non-Russian sources in which no Kiev voyage has ever been mentioned.
		Kipchak language was the official language of Kiev Russia, and after Varangians had come two languages have been spoken for a while: Scandinavian and Turkic languages: And thus everything is in its right place, logic concerning these events appeared.
		Usage of Aesopian language in the chronicles was rejected after prince Mstislav's death; while the traditions of a Kipchak book were not (Not to be unfounded, I'll remind that the word "book" is Turkic; the Kipchaks borrowed it from the Chinese; literal translation - "in a roll", "in a chronicle").
	www.adji.ru /book10_1.html (11869 words)

	Language - Religion
		Karakalpak language is close to the languages of Nogay and Kazakh.
		The vocabulary is rooted from the Kipchak language in principle.
		Karakalpak language had become a written language in the Soviet period for the first time and an alphabet was developed that was based on the Arabic letters at first.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0007/0007_10_04.htm (490 words)

	Turkic World - KIPCHAKS - Table of Contents
		The word Kipchak etymologically ascends to Türkic ku-chak, which consists of two roots: ku (ku~kub~kuba) 'red', 'pale', 'white - red', 'light', and chak, meaning Sak~chak, the ancient name of Türks (instead of Iranian speaking tribes, as is wrongly asserted by some Indo-Europeists).
		The native language or the history of the people were not studied in then in medrese, the studies were limited to the Arabian, Persian or Türkish languages and the common Muslim history.
		Kashgari, marking the affinity of the Bulgarian, Suvarian and Kipchak languages, writes, that "the sound р, present in the language of Chigils and other Türkic peoples, in the language of Kipchaks, Yamaks, Suvars, Bulgars and others peoples, who are spread to Romans and Russians, is replaced with a sound z".
	s155239215.onlinehome.us /turkic/26Kipchaks/SakalibaEn.htm (5472 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		The language of the Baraba Tatars belongs to the group of Turkic languages and dialects spoken in Siberia, which have the characteristic traits of the Volga-Tatar and Kazakh-Altaic (Kipchak) language group.
		The present-day Baraba language has evolved to a common tongue and it is difficult to distinguish different subdialects.
		The Kipchak tribes, who lived in western Siberia in the 12th and 13th centuries and partly also west of the Ural mountains, are considered to be the historical ancestors of the Baraba Tatars.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/baraba_tatars.shtml (1612 words)

	Caucasus Foundation
		A Caucasian people of the west-Turkic (Kipchak) language group, almost all of whom live in the lowlands of North Eastern Dagestan.
		In the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries the realm of the Kumyk Prince, the Shamkhal, head of a rigid feudal pyramid was a dominating power in the eastern part of the North Caucasus.
		Kumyk used to be a second language and common means of communication for many of the peoples in the region.
	www.kafkas.org.tr /english/bgkafkas/Ethnicgeography_Kumyk.htm (295 words)

	Tatar language - Gurupedia
		Kazan Tatar language's ancestors are extinct Bolgar and Kipchak languages.
		Before 1928, the Tatar language was usually written using the Arabic alphabet when it was written at all.
		However, from the 1939 until 2000, the Tatar language was written in a modified Cyrillic alphabet.
	www.gurupedia.com /t/ta/tatar_language.htm (839 words)

	TurkicWorld
		Kipchak on Altai subordinated to Khan Yukuk Yabgu
		Kipchaks are invaded and defeated on river Suten (Molochnaya) by Vladimir Monomakh and Svyatopolk Izyaslavich of Kiev.
		Kipchaks settled E. of Lower Ilek river left stone kurgans with rectangular burials facing East, with a hide or a mummy of harnessed and saddled horse.
	s155239215.onlinehome.us /turkic/70_Dateline/kipchak_dateline_Ru.htm (3152 words)

	ABOUT TURKEY
		After the declaration of republic and the completion of the national unification, especially between 1923-1928 years, the problem of the alphabet is discussed and debated.
		In Anatolia, a written language called Ottoman language which was developed from Oğuz language was used during this period.
		In this century, Turkey Turkish language is used in Anatolia.
	www.marmarisinfo.com /aboutturkey/language.phtml (288 words)

	Kievan Rus Database (Kipchak)
		Intermarriage was a clear sign of the power and prestige of pastoralist hordes, so that princes of Rus took wives from only the most powerful and threatening Kipchak hordes, and never did they willingly grant their daughters in marriage to Kipchak kaghans, a step which would have implied full diplomatic equality.
		To prevent prisoners from escaping, the Kipchak often crippled the males by slitting their heels and placing chopped horsehairs in the wounds so that the wounds would keep chafing.
		Under strong leaders, Kipchak hordes could be powerful enough to mount periodic raids in search of booty and slaves, or to prevent settlement in valued pasture lands such as those just south of Kiev.
	members.aol.com /ingigerthr/Kipchak.html (1355 words)

	The Crimean Tatars by Greta Lynn Uehling
		Language: Crimean Tatar (a Kipchak Turkic language) and Russian
		The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic represents a fleeting Golden Age before this status was revoked and Crimea, along with the rest of the USSR, was plunged into mass repression of intellectuals and clergy, state-sanctioned famine, and forced collectivization of agriculture.
		Following their departure from Crimea, place names were changed, graves were desecrated, and books in the Tatar language and architecture destroyed to eradicate indications of their presence.
	www.iccrimea.org /scholarly/krimtatars.html (4241 words)

	Karakalpak language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Karakalpak is a Turkic language mainly spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan), as well as by Kazakhs, Bashkirs and Nogay.
		Karakalpak is a member of the Kypchak Turkic family of languages, which includes Tatar, Kumyk, and Kazakh in addition to Karakalpak.
		The Kipchak family is a subgroup of the Turkic languages, which most linguists believe to be member of an Altaic language family.
	enc.qba73.com /link-Qaraqalpaq_language (542 words)

	THE MIDDLE EAST HANDBOOK - PEOPLE GROUPS
		Their language is different to all other Turkic languages and belongs to the Bulgar group of the western Turkic languages.
		Their language, Karaim, is still spoken around Vilnius and Panevezys in Lithuania, in the southern Ukraine near Lutsk and Galich and in the Crimea around Eupatoria.
		Their language is classed with Mingrelian in the Zan (Colchian) branch of the Kartvelian (South Caucasian) languages, and is related to Georgian and Svan.
	www.angelfire.com /az/rescon/MEHBKPPL.html (11090 words)

	Tatar language - China-related Topics TA-TD - China-Related Topics
		The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatar?a) is an Turkic languagesTurkic language belonging to the Altaic languagesAltaic branch of the Ural-Altaic languagesUral-Altaic family of languages.
		Tatar is the official language of the Republic of Tatarstan.
		Tatar's ancestors are the extinct Bolgar languageBolgar and Kipchak languages.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Tatar_language (1536 words)

	Kipchak, Schema-Root news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Commemorative events will be continued in Kipchak, the home village of the Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov, where a commemorative complex was built in...
		After visiting a mosque, he was taken to Niyazov's home village of Kipchak to pay his respects at the grave of the Turkmen leader's parents and brothers.
		It was one of the main administrative, economic, and religious centers of the Turkic nomadic entity - Kipchak Khanate.
	schema-root.org /region/asia/central_asia/turkmenistan/cities/kipchak (791 words)

	Kyrgyz language Summary
		The Kyrgyz are a largely Muslim people of Turko-Mongol origins whose language, Kyrgyz, is a member of the central, or Kipchak, branch of the Turkic linguistic group.
		The Kyrgyz language is divided into northern and southern dialects, and there are also historical and cultural differences between northern and southern Kyrgyz people.
		Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (Кыргыз тили) is a Northwestern Turkic language, and, together with Russian, an official language of Kyrgyzstan.
	www.bookrags.com /Kyrgyz_language (1096 words)

	New Kypchak language
		New Kypchak (also New Qypchak) is a standardized new language that unites major Kypchak Turkic tongues, such as Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Karakalpak[?], Kumyk[?], Bashkir[?], Kazan Tartar[?], Astrakhan Tatar[?], Nogay[?] etc.
		There are plans for New Kypchak to be spoken in Kypchakia as a lingua franca besides Russian.
		It is written in Cyrillic alphabet, to be replaced by a standardized Latin alphabet similar to the one adopted by Tatar and Bashkir[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ky/Kypchakcha.html (69 words)

	Embassy of Uzbekistan to the United Kingdom Of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
		The formation of Uzbek literary language covers three historical periods: the ancient Turkic language, ancient Uzbek language, and contemporary Uzbek language.
		The contemporary Uzbek language started to take shape in the beginning of the 20th century.
		There are three main dialects in the Uzbek language: karluk, kipchak, and oguz.
	www.uzbekembassy.org /index.cfm/act/uzbekistan/get/people (954 words)

	Jewish-Languages Mailing List: October 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Krimchak, a Kipchak Turkic language, also called Judeo-Crimean Tatar, is one of at least three Turkic Rabbanite or Karaite languages (the others are Karaim and Khazar).
		I assume that you are referring to the language known in Israel as Maroka'it, and not to Ladino.
		Sefiha-Vidal has made the distinction between Ladino, which is a litterary language, a "mot a mot" traduction from Hebrew texts, and JUDEZMO (or Judeo-Spanish, or Haketiya, or whatever), which are the spoken vernacular (or even litterary, but not calques) varieties.
	www.jewish-languages.org /ml/200110.html (3000 words)

	languagehat.com: ARMENO-KIPCHAK.
		The language was simply the vernacular of Istanbul and the urban fl sea turks of the time.
		These regional versions of Turkish language (Crimean Tatar, Karaite Judeo-Turkish, and Krymchak Judeo-Tatar) are not 13th century imports of Anatolian turkish (like Gagauz) but probably reflect the older Cuman/Kipchak pre-Golden Horde Turkish tradition of the steppes.
		Then there are various languages spoken by wanderers such as Gypsies (Romani), the Irish "Tinkers", and the speakers of the "Rotwelsch" language which includes elements of both Romani and Yiddish.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001112.php (1204 words)

	IAUNRC - Kazakhstan
		In the late ninth century, the Qarluq state was destroyed by invaders who established the large Qarakhanid state, which occupied a region known as Transoxania, the area north and east of the Oxus River (the present-day Syrdariya), extending into what is now China.
		As in the other Central Asian republics, the preservation of indigenous cultural traditions and the local language was a difficult problem during the Soviet era.
		It is also possible to link directly to a Kazakh language page.
	www.indiana.edu /~iaunrc/regions/kazakhstan.html (1435 words)

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