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Topic: Kira Yoshinaka

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	47 samurai
		Kira disliked him — allegedly because he had not given him gift that was extravagant enough — refused and taunted and humiliated him in public.
		Kira’s wounds were hardly serious but the attack on shogunate official — especially within the boundaries of Edo castle[?] - was an attack against the shogunate itself.
		Early in the morning of December 15, 1702, Oishi and 46 samurai attacked Kira Yoshinaka’s mansion in Edo armed with swords and bows.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/47/47_samurai.html (450 words)

	RoNiN47 \| LoGo
		Kira, it seems, was a somewhat difficult character and expected Asano to compensate him monetarily for the trouble, which Asano held was simply his duty.
		Kira was no fool, and expecting some sort of attempt on his life by the Asano men increased his personal guard.
		Kira's men, many of whom were killed or wounded, were taken completely by surprise but did put up a spirited resistance (one of the ronin was killed in the attack), though ultimately to no avail: Kira was found in an outhouse and presented to Ôishi, who offered him the chance to commit suicide.
	www.ronin-47.com /Logo.html (1079 words)

	Forty-seven Ronin - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1701 (by the Western calendar), two daimyo, Asano Takumi-no-Kami Naganori, the young daimyo of Akō (a small fiefdom or han in western Honshu), and Kamei Sama, were ordered to arrange a fitting reception for the envoys of Emperor Higashiyama of Japan in Edo, during their sankin kotai service of greetings to the Shogun.
		They were to be given instruction in the necessary court etiquette by Kira Kozuke-no-Suke Yoshinaka, a powerful official in the hierarchy of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi's shogunate.
		As day was now breaking, they quickly carried Kira's head to their lord's grave in Sengaku-ji temple, causing a great stir on the way.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/47_Ronin (3611 words)

	r o u n i n
		Kira, on the other hand, received no punishment; in fact, he became an object of sympathy and was allowed to continue his official duties.
		The ronin brought Kira to the courtyard and offered him the same chance their Lord Asano was given to honorably commit seppuku.
		Pro-ronin views were held, and given, unofficially by many leading scholars and philosophers including Nobuatsu Hayashi, the highest professor of Confucian learning and by Muro Kyoso who had the courage to publish a book championing their cause, in spite of the possibility of political recrimination, should the case be decided wrong.
	kenwakai.org /paburo/chuushingura.htm (2408 words)

	The 47 Ronin
		It happened that Lord Asano was chosen by the shogun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, to be one of a number of daimyo tasked with entertaining envoys from the Imperial family.
		Needless to say, Kira began to doubt that he was in any real danger, and within a year had relaxed his guard.
		One view had it that Ôishi and his men had in fact erred in waiting as long as they had, that in so doing they risked Kira dying (he was, after all, over 60) and their efforts coming to naught.
	www.samurai-archives.com /ronin.html (1271 words)

	47 Ronin #2
		Kira, whom history describes as greedy and conceited, became very angry with Lord Asano for not presenting him with expensive gifts (to show appreciation, respect, etc.) and instead of helping Lord Asano became very abusive and insulting towards him.
		The Shogun's failure to have Kira share in the responsibility angered the followers of Asano,who felt that Kira's improper actions were ignored and Asano's punishment too harsh.
		The Shogun, still concerned that the affair might not be ended, ordered the arrest of Daigaku Asano and sentenced him to confinement in the main villa of the Asano family, thus ending any remaining hope that the House of Asano might be reestablished.
	max_rage.tripod.com /47ronin2.htm (1245 words)

	THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1701, it was Asano Nagamori, Daimyo of Ako in Harima, that was saddled with the burden, or the honour, of receiving the envoys of the Emperor and the ex-Emperor.
		Kira's neighbours did at first fancy that the disturbance was caused by a fire, but, as they could see no flames, they sent their retainers up on the roofs of their yashikis to find out what was really occurring.
		Kira was not there, and all hurrying and scurrying to and fro in quest of him was in vain.
	www.locksley.com /locksley/47ronin.htm (6657 words)

	intra-navbar.gif
		Within the context of Ch?shingura, Moronao is meant to represent Kira Yoshinaka, a high-level official of the shogun whose family had served as masters of ceremony and etiquette for generations.
		In the early spring of 1701, Kira was attacked from behind by Asano Naganori within the Shogun's palace just before a celebration that was to mark the end of an imperial delegation to Kamakura.
		After the public sensationalized the r?nin's attack on Kira, he came to be almost universally despised as a greedy and cowardly man that represented all that a samurai was not supposed to be.
	www.columbia.edu /~hds2/chushinguranew/kanadehon/ko_no_moronao.html (563 words)

	Tokugawa Tsunayoshi - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		For the latter of Tsunayoshi's reign, he was advised by Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu, a golden era of classic Japanese art, known as the Genroku era.
		In 1701 daimyo Asano Naganori attempted to kill Kira Yoshinaka in Edo Castle.
		Asano's Forty-seven Ronin avenged his death by killing Kira and became a legend that influenced many plays and stories of the era.
	arikah.com /encyclopedia/Tokugawa_Tsunayoshi (1141 words)

	Tokyo Temples: Sengakuji
		Kira was chief of protocol in the shogun's castle and (on purpose or not) had failed to inform Asano, who had the task to receive a group of envoys sent by the emperor in Kyoto, of the finer points of protocol.
		Had he given Kira a slap in the face, nothing terrible might have happened; but merely baring one's sword in the shogun's palace - even without using it - was a capital offense.
		After attacking Kira's mansion in the early morning hours, they cut off his head and marched to the grave of Asano in Sengakuji temple and presented the enemy head to the grave of their lord.
	www.xs4all.nl /~daikoku/junrei/reijo/bangai-3.htm (1233 words)

	The Tale of the 47 Ronin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1701 two young provincial lords were appointed by the shogunate to act as hosts during a visit by a member of the Imperial Court in Kyoto.
		The spear injured Kira but he wiped the blood off the spear before it could be removed hoping that no one would know he was inside.
		Kira's head was taken to Asano's grave and given to his spirit as a gift.
	www.bookmice.net /darkchilde/japan/the47.html (608 words)

	Chushingura . (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On the snowy night of January 30, 1703, in an incident known as the Ako vendetta, forty-six samurai burst into the mansion of the man responsible for the death of their former master, Asano Naganori, the lord of Ako.
		Their intended victim, Kira Yoshinaka, was a powerful noble and an important retainer of the imperial household.
		After refusing the opportunity to die by his own hand, Kira was killed with the same dagger Asano had used to commit seppuku, and then beheaded.
	www.anticbooks.com /_uk/catalogue/detail/Det_11650.html (186 words)

	Chushingura Text
		Two nobles were entrusted with the reception of the imperial envoy; one of them was Asano, a young baron from a rural area, unfamiliar with the intricacies of court etiquette.
		Because Asano failed to provide Kira with a large enough bribe in the form of extravagant gifts, Kira taunted him mercilessly until the hot-headed Asano lost his composure, drew his sword, and lunged at his antagonist.
		Though Kira's wounds were superficial, the shogun could not allow such a gross breach of conduct to go unpunished, and he ordered Asano's death.
	www.spencerart.ku.edu /chushin/chushtxt.htm (2116 words)

	Tale of the 47 Ronin
		Kira, whom history describes as greedy and conceited, became very angry with Lord Asano for not presenting him with expensive gifts and instead of helping Lord Asano became very abusive and insulting towards him.
		The Shogun's failure to have Kira share in the responsibility angered the followers of Asano, who felt that Kira's improper actions were ignored and Asano's punishment too harsh.
		Finally, Kira and his allies relaxed their suspicions of Oishi and his men.
	home.comcast.net /~glennwatson550/stories/ronin.html (1201 words)

	Informat.io on Asano Naganori (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It was the first time he met Kira Yoshinaka, the highest-ranking koke, the head of ceremony matters at the Shogunate, who instructed officials in the manner of hosting noble guests from Kyoto.
		On the day of his death, he drew his sword and attempted to kill Kira in the Corridor of the Pines at Edo Castle in what is now Tokyo.
		Under the leadership of Oishi Kuranosuke they avenged the death of their lord by killing Kira at his mansion in Edo on December 15, 1702.
	www.informat.io /?title=asano-naganori (526 words)

	Ichiriki Ochaya Teahouse in Kyoto, Japan
		Portrayed as corrupt and arrogant, Kira became angry with Asano, accusing him of not showing sufficient respect (ie, in the form of expensive gifts) for the assistance he was giving.
		Angered by the lack of punishment for Kira, and by what he saw as the dishonorable approach Kira had taken, and faced with an uncertain and uncomfortable future, he developed a plan to petition the Shogun.
		He was aware by this stage of the background to the original incident between Asano and Kira, and he was aware of the public support (especially in Harima and Kyoto) throughout Japan and many of the Tokugawa officials for the men.
	www.yamasa.org /japan/english/destinations/kyoto/ichiriki_ochaya.html (2037 words)

	About me
		She was married to Kiso (Minamoto) Yoshinaka (though the Heike Monogatari describes her as a female attendant), who rose against the Taira and in 1184 took Kyoto after winning the Battle of Kurikawa.
		With the Taira forced into the Western Provinces, Yoshinaka began insinuating that it was he should carry the mantle of leadership of the Minamoto - a suggestion that prompted an attack by Minamoto Yoritomo.
		The HM goes on to say that Tomoe was one of the last five of the Kiso standing at the tail end of the Battle of Awazu, and that Yoshinaka, knowing that death was near, urged her to flee.
	ronin9999.blogdrive.com (4278 words)

	Informat.io on Forty Seven Ronin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It was Yamamoto Tsunetomo, author of the Hagakure, who asked this famous question: "What if, nine months after Asano's death, Kira had died of an illness?" To which the answer obviously is: then the forty-seven ronin would have lost their only chance at avenging their master.
		The ronin would probably have suffered defeat, as Kira was ready for an attack at that time—but this was unimportant.
		Early in the morning of December 14, in a driving wind during a heavy fall of snow, Ōishi and the ronin attacked Kira Yoshinaka's mansion in Edo.
	www.informat.io /?title=forty-seven-ronin (3956 words)

	Kanadehon Chushingura
		So, he sought instruction from Kira Yoshinaka, a powerful noble and an important retainer of the imperial household, and also an expert on court ceremonies.
		Unfortunately Asano failed to satisfy Kira, by failing to provide him with a large enough bribe in the form of extravagant gifts, as was then the norm.
		Though Kira's wounds were superficial, the shogunate could not allow such a gross breach of conduct to go unpunished, and he sentenced Asano to death, ordering him to commit seppuku, a form of suicide reserved for the samurai class in which the victim disembowels himself.
	www.man-pai.com /kabuki/chushingura_e.htm (562 words)

	Kanadehon Chushingura Introduction
		Kira humiliated Asano to the extent that the latter drew his sword and inflicted a slight wound on Kira.
		The penalty for drawing a sword in the shogun’s castle was strict: suicide for the offending lord, confiscation of property, and dispersal of retainers.
		They decapitated Kira and then paraded through the streets of Edo to the grave of their master at Sengakuji Temple where they placed the severed head on Asano’s grave.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /japanese/chushingura/kennelly-chushingura.html (2619 words)

	Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire . Timeline - 1700s \| PBS
		Sparking an affair that captures the imagination of Japanese to this day, Lord Asano, a young daimyo from a small rural domain was insulted by a court official during a visit to Edo Castle.
		Arriving at the burial spot of their beloved Asano, the ronin washed Kira's head, placed it before their fallen leader's tomb, and then turned themselves over to the authorities.
		Confucian scholars and government officials debated the dilemma for over a year: the 47 ronin had obeyed their samurai code of honor, yet they had challenged the shogun's authority.
	www.pbs.org /empires/japan/timeline_1700.html (1068 words)

	1688-1704. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Kira Yoshinaka was killed by a group of former retainers of Asano Naganori, daimy
		of Ak, whose execution in 1701 they felt to be Yoshinaka's fault.
		The deed shocked the nation, for, although they had clearly broken the law, the group claimed that they were simply following Confucian ethics in avenging their lord's death.
	www.bartleby.com /67/861.html (800 words)

	Chusingura: Cast of Characters
		He served as Lord Asano's chief retainer and steward, and became the leader of the vendetta against Kira.
		Although most of the ronin were in their twenties and thirties, there were men in all age groups.
		He was the leader of the group in Edo (Tokyo) that watched Lord Kira's activities and reported back to Oishi.
	www.chicousd.org /~jleek/Tokugawa/cast.html (543 words)

	Chushingura
		In 1701, Lord Asano Nagamori, a brash young daimyo from Ako, was ordered to commit seppuku (ritual suicide) and his clan abolished, thus setting the stage for the bloodiest vendetta in Japan's history known as the forty-seven ronin incident.
		Asano's offense was drawing his short sword and attacking the shogun's chief of protocol, Kira Yoshinaka, during preparations for an official reception of an imperial envoy from Kyoto.
		Subject: In the foreground, the police are dispatched to arrest Lord Asano, while in the background, the attack on Kira while in the shogun's castle is depicted.
	www.e-budokai.com /woodblock/chushingura.htm (251 words)

	TCVB Recommendations -Sengakuji Temple- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In Edo Castle in 1701, Asano Naganori, Lord of Ako, drew his sword against Kira Yoshinaka in response to what he saw as insulting behavior.
		Drawing his sword in the shogun's residence was unforgivable, and Asano was sentenced to disembowel himself.
		They, too, were sentenced to disembowel themselves, and their remains were buried near those of their former master.
	www.tcvb.or.jp /en/infomation/7recom/st04.html (230 words)

	Faithful Samurai at Morikami Museum \| Art Knowledge News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Delray Beach, FL- On a snowy night in December, 1703, 47 retainers of the disgraced lord Asano Naganori attacked the mansion of their lord’s enemy, Kira Yoshinaka, in a brazen act of vengeance that immediately caught the public's attention.
		In 1701, the feudal lord, Asano Naganori, was dishonored by Lord Kira, the shogun’s master of ceremonies.
		Despite his efforts at self-control, Asano drew his short sword while in the shogun’s palace and struck at Kira, wounding him, but not killing him.
	www.artknowledgenews.com /node/1435 (454 words)

	History of Bunraku (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Based on the true story of the 47 ronin (masterless samurai) incident of 1701-1703, it was first staged 47 years later in 1748.
		After drawing his sword in the Edo castle in response to insults by the Tokugawa shogun's chief of protocol (Kira Yoshinaka), the feudal lord Asano Naganori was forced to commit suicide and his clan was disbanded.
		The 47 loyal retainers carefully plotted and carried out their revenge by killing Kira nearly two years later.
	web-jpn.org /factsheet/bunraku/history.html (910 words)

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