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	Kirchhoff's circuit laws - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kirchhoff's circuit laws are a pair of laws that deal with the conservation of charge and energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff.
		Kirchhoff's current law is equivalent to the statement that the divergence of the current is zero, true for time-invariant ρ, or always true if the displacement current is included with J.
		In order to "fix" Kirchhoff's voltage law for this case, an effective potential drop, or electromotive force (emf), is associated with the inductance of the circuit, exactly equal to the amount by which the line integral of the electric field is not zero by Faraday's law of induction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kirchhoff's_circuit_laws (623 words)

	Kirchhoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kirchhoff was taught mathematics at the University of Königsberg by Friedrich Jules Richelot.
		Kirchhoff and Weber both discovered that the velocity was independent of the nature of the wire and was almost exactly equal to the velocity of light.
		Kirchhoff and Bunsen went on to examine the spectrum of the sun in 1861 and were able to identify the chemical elements in the sun's atmosphere.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Kirchhoff.html (1528 words)

	Gustav Kirchhoff
		Kirchhoff and Bunsen began by effectively inventing the spectroscope, a prism-based device that separated light in its primary chromatic components, i.e., its spectrum, with which they began studying the spectral "signature" of various chemical elements in gaseous form.
		Kirchhoff took the gigantic leap of then identifying the dark spectral lines observed in the solar spectrum, known since Joseph Fraunhofer's earlier work, with the emission lines observed by various heated chemical substances.
		In this manner Kirchhoff (1) demonstrated the existence, in the Sun, of many chemical elements isolated on Earth, (2) argued that the bulk of the Sun is comprised of a hot, incandescent liquid, and (3) firmly established the hot, gaseous nature of the solar atmosphere.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/bios/kirchhoff.html (377 words)

	Gustav Kirchhoff - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (March 12, 1824 - October 17, 1887), a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of fl-body radiation by heated objects.
		Gustav Kirchhoff was born in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), the son of Friedrich Kirchhoff, a lawyer, and Johanna Henriette Wittke.
		Kirchhoff formulated his current law voltage law for circuit analysis, which are now ubiquitous in electrical engineering, in 1845, while still a student.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Gustav_Kirchhoff (340 words)

	Kirchhoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kirchhoff was one of the foremost physicists of the 19
		Kirchhoff's circuit rules named after Gustav Robert Kirchhofft are two statements about multi-loop electric circuits that embody the laws of conservation of electric charge and energy and that are used to determine the value of the electric current in each branch of the circuit.
		Kirchhoff joined this research when he suggested that the observation of spectral lines, by dispersing the light with a prism, would be a more precise way of testing the color of the light.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/kirchhoff.htm (1232 words)

	Encyclopedia: Kirchhoff's circuit laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kirchhoffs law(s), named after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, is a term applied to two entirely different concepts.
		Maxwells equations are the set of four equations, attributed to James Clerk Maxwell, that describe the behavior of both the electric and magnetic fields, as well as their interactions with matter.
		More technically, Kirchhoff's current law can be found by taking the divergence of Ampere's law with Maxwell's correction and combining with Gauss's law, yielding: In vector calculus, the divergence is an operator that measures a vector fields tendency to originate from or converge upon a given point.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kirchhoff%27s-circuit-laws (1280 words)

	DesMoinesRegister.com \| News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kirchhoff is the fifth Iowa soldier to die in military operations in Iraq.
		Nancy Kirchhoff, 55, of Cedar Rapids said her son was in good spirits when she spoke with him Aug. 2.
		Kirchhoff was a truck driver with the the First Detachment, 2168th Transportation Company out of Cedar Rapids, which transports supplies, personnel and equipment.
	www.dmregister.com /news/stories/c2229999/22004661.html (812 words)

	The Shorthorn Online \| News \| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kirchhoff and digging buddy Bill Walker from Bedford came across tooth fragments while searching for fossilized shells in June on a grassy field in northeast Arlington.
		Kirchhoff and Walker, Dallas Museum’s Paleontologist Society members, met in college and have been fossil hunting together for the past three years.
		Kirchhoff also is a supervisor for an Arlington call center, while Walker works as a crime scene investigator in Bedford.
	www.theshorthorn.com /archive/2003/fall/03-oct-09/n100903-06.html (370 words)

	Search Results for Kirchhoff
		Gustav Kirchhoff's father was Friedrich Kirchhoff, a law councillor in Konigsberg with a strong sense of duty to the Prussian state.
		Kirchhoff was educated in Konigsberg where he entered the Albertus University of Konigsberg which had been founded in 1544 by Albert, the first duke of Prussia.
		Kirchhoff was taught mathematics at the University of Konigsberg by Friedrich Jules Richelot.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Search/historysearch.cgi?SUGGESTION=Kirchhoff&CONTEXT=1 (1468 words)

	Gustav Kirchhoff -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the same year, they moved to (Capital of Germany located in eastern Germany) Berlin, where he stayed until he received a professorship at (A city in southwestern Poland on the Oder) Breslau (now Wroclaw).
		Kirchhoff formulated his current law voltage law for circuit analysis, which are now ubiquitous in (The branch of engineering science that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication) electrical engineering, in 1845, while still a student.
		He proposed his law of thermal radiation in 1859, and gave a proof in 1861.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gu/gustav_kirchhoff.htm (338 words)

	GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF - LoveToKnow Article on GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF
		Four years later he was appointed professor of physics at Heidelberg, and in 1875 he was transferred to Berlin, where he died on the I7th of October 1887.
		Kirchhoffs contributions to mathematical physics were numerous and important, his strength lying in his powers of stating a new physical problem in terms of maUiematics, not merely in working out the solution after it had been so formulated.
		He can scarcely be called its inventor, for not only had many investigators already used the prism as an instrument of chemical inquiry, but considerable progress had been made towards the explanation of the principles upon which spectrum analysis rests.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KI/KIRCHHOFF_GUSTAV_ROBERT.htm (372 words)

	Kirchhoff is C-USA Defensive Player of the Week - News and Information \| Saint Louis University
		Kirchhoff earned All-Tournament honors as the Billikens knocked off 10th-ranked Rutgers and fourth-ranked North Carolina to claim their own Nike Classic.
		As the tallest Billiken at 6-foot-2, Kirchhoff and senior goalkeeper John Politis commanded the SLU penalty area without giving up a goal while facing 20 corner kicks and yielding only one goal during the entire tournament.
		Kirchhoff played his way into the Billikens' defensive rotation last season after transferring from the University of Missouri-St. Louis, and has answered the challenge of increased playing time this year.
	www.slu.edu /readstory/newsinfo/43 (292 words)

	Kirchhoff's Laws Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) simply states that the sum of all the currents entering a node must equal the sum of the currents leaving the node.
		Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) simply states that the sum of the voltages around a closed loop must equal zero.
		According to Kirchhoff's Voltage Law if you start at any point in the loop and sum up the voltages as you work your way around the loop the sum will equal zero when you return to the starting point.
	courses.ece.uiuc.edu /ece290/Demo/dm_kirchofftut.html (528 words)

	The Hutchinson Encyclopedia: Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-1887)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		German physicist who with R W von Bunsen developed spectroscopic analysis in the 1850s and showed that all elements, heated to incandescence, have their individual spectra.
		Kirchhoff was born and educated in Knigsberg (now Kaliningrad).
		In 1845 and 1846 he derived the laws known as Kirchhoff's laws that determine the value of...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:100109020&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (170 words)

	Kirchhoff Migration Project Propopsal 12/97
		Kirchhoff migration of seismic data collected in simple regions is a fairly well understood method and the limitations of the method have been explored in considerable detail.
		Given the widespread use of Kirchhoff migration by industry, it is worthwhile for a concerted effort to be made to develop and test improvements that will yield higher quality images in regions of complex geology.
		While we plan to investigate methods to improve Kirchhoff imaging in complex geologies, we also propose to investigate using a hybrid scheme where Kirchhoff is used to extrapolate the wavefield through regions of simple geology and then the wavefield is migrated through more complex regions using other schemes.
	www.ees4.lanl.gov /kirchhoff/Project_Proposal.html (1384 words)

	Kirchhoff's Rules (multi-loop direct-current circuits)
		The principles known as Kirchhoff's rules provide a means of obtaining enough independent equations to solve for the currents flowing in an electrical circuit.
		Kirchhoff's loop rule states that the sum of the potential changes around a closed path in any electric circuit is zero.
		Kirchhoff's junction rule states that the algebraic sum of the currents at any branch point or junction in a circuit is zero.
	www.ualr.edu /~dcwold/projects/p24man/p24circ.html (267 words)

	The dog as a model to study human epididymal function at a molecular level -- Kirchhoff 8 (8): 695 -- Molecular Human ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kirchhoff, C., Habben, I., Ivell, R. and Krull, N. (1991) A major human epididymis-specific cDNA encodes a protein with sequence homology to extracellular proteinase inhibitors.
		Kirchhoff, C., Krull, N., Pera, I. and Ivell, R. (1993) A major mRNA of the human epididymal principal cells, HE5, encodes the leucocyte differentiation CDw52 antigen peptide backbone.
		Kirchhoff, C., Osterhoff, C. and Young, L. (1996) Molecular cloning and characterization of HE1, a major secretory protein of the human epididymis.
	molehr.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/8/8/695 (4825 words)

	Kirchhoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Gustav Robert Kirchhoff's developed a number of laws that expanded on Ohm's Law created by Georg Simon Ohm.
		Kirrchoff was born in Königsberg, Prussia in 1824 and died in Berlin, Germany in 1887.
		We can put Kirchhoff's First Law into the words by saying: The sum of the currents entering any point in a circuit equals the sum of the currents leaving that point.
	www.fordhamprep.com /physics/kirch.htm (172 words)

	Art in America: Thorsten Kirchhoff at V.M.21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The show's centerpiece was a video, 48 Crash: Jacques Taft vs. Suzi Quatro, for which Kirchhoff briskly intercut footage from the French master's four classic films (spanning 1949 to 1967) with clips of a young woman broadly impersonating the Detroit-born music legend.
		Kirchhoff sees them as two originals, Tati the purveyor of a humorous but plainly dystopian critique of postwar modernism, Quatro the gender-bending, self-empowered rock pioneer.
		Indeed, repeated viewing discloses that Kirchhoff (he's 44) has gathered a number of telling incidents from Tati's films, among them a Daliesque drooping faucet, a toppling barstool, a collapsing kayak and a deflating souffle.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1248/is_9_92/ai_n6249082 (650 words)

	Kirchhoff's Second Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kirchhoff's second law when officially stated (see insert at the right) sounds more complicated than it actually is. Generally speaking, it says, around any loop in a circuit, the voltage rises must equal the voltage drops.
		According to Kirchhoff's 2nd law the sum of the potential differences will be zero.
		Again, Kirchhoff's 2nd law says the sum of the potential differences has to be zero.
	www.regentsprep.org /Regents/physics/phys03/bkirchof2 (289 words)

	Louis V. Kirchhoff, MD.
		Engman DM, Reddy LV, Donelson JE, Kirchhoff LV.
		Engman DM, Henkle KJ, Kirchhoff LV, Donelson JE.
		Kirchhoff LV, Bacchi CJ, Wittner M, Tanowitz HB.
	www.biochem.uiowa.edu /donelson/louis_v__kirchhoff,_md_.htm (908 words)

	Phys 152 - Kirchhoff’s Circuit Laws - Spring 2006
		Kirchhoff’s current law states that the total current flowing into a junction is equal to the total current flowing out of the junction (I
		Kirchhoff’s voltage law states that the sum of the voltages in each loop of the circuit will be zero:
		Show that the currents into and out of a junction are equal, and that the sum of the voltages around each of the three loops is zero.
	it.stlawu.edu /~physics/labs/152_lab/html/kirchhoff.shtml (532 words)

	The Kirchhoff Formulas for Moving Surfaces in Aerocoustics - The Subsonic and Supersonic Case (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Abstract: One of the active areas of computational aeroacoustics is the application of the Kirchhoff formulas to the problems of the rotating machinery noise prediction.
		The original Kirchhoff formula was derived for a stationary surface.
		1 The Use of a Rotating Kirchhoff Formulation for the Calculat..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /farassat96kirchhoff.html (746 words)

	Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1860 Robert Bunsen (1811—1899) and Gustav Kirchhoff (1824—1887) discovered two alkali metals, cesium and rubidium, with the aid of the spectroscope they had invented the year before.
		Bunsen and Kirchhoff, a physicist trained at Königsberg, met and became friends in 1851, when Bunsen spent a year at the University of Breslau, where Kirchhoff was also teaching.
		It was Kirchhoff who suggested that similarly colored flames could possibly be differentiated by looking at their emission spectra through a prism.
	www.chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/chemach/ppt/bk.html (464 words)

	Warsaw Voice - Kirchhoff Invests in Mielec
		Germany's Kirchhoff automotive group has invested 20 million Deutschemarks for an automobile component plant in the Euro-Park Mielec Special Economic Zone.
		Kirchhoff Automotive has 15 plants worldwide, including countries such as Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, Mexico and Brazil.
		Car parts produced in Kirchhoff factories are supplied to the world's largest car producers including Mercedes, BMW, Audi, Volkswagen, Chrysler, General Motors and Ford.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /archiwum.phtml/4022 (460 words)

	Kirchhoff Companies: Construction Management and Real Estate
		Kirchhoff Companies consists of a National Award-Winning Construction Firm, a well-known Millwork Business and several Development and Rental Companies.
		With over 20 years of experience in construction and related industries, President and Founder Joseph T. Kirchhoff prides himself on being a true old-world general contractor.
		With several in-house divisions under one roof and a vast selection of services to offer, Kirchhoff Companies can best satisfy the needs of our clients while avoiding the most common problems of compromised workmanship that sometimes occurs with subcontractors.
	kirchhoffcompanies.com (138 words)

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