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Battle of Kircholm

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kircholm
		Salaspils (population 21,106 in 2000 census, also known as Kircholm until 1917) is a town 18 km east of Riga in Latvia, on the western bank of Daugava river.
		Battle of Kircholm (September 27, 1605, or September 17 in the Old Style calendar then in use in Protestant countries) was one of the major battles in the Polish-Swedish War of 1600-1611.
		Kircholm 1605 - a popular study (in pdf format) of the 1605 campaign in Livonia, prepared on the occasion of 400th anniversary of the battle.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kircholm (417 words)

	Battle of Kircholm
		Battle of Kircholm (September 27, 1605) was one of the major battles in the Polish-Swedish War of 1600-1611.
		After only 20 minutes of fighting the Swedish army was severely beaten.
		On September 27, 1605, the Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish forces met near the small town of Kircholm (now Salaspils, some 25 km.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/b/ba/battle_of_kircholm.html (525 words)

	Battle of Kircholm Information
		The battle was decided in 20 minutes by the devastating charge of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cavalry, the Winged Hussars.
		On September 27, 1605, the Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish forces met near the small town of Kircholm (now Salaspils in Latvia, some 25 km.
		An additional factor was the large number of trained horses lost during the battle, which proved difficult to replace.
	www.bookrags.com /Battle_of_Kircholm (821 words)

	Recenzja gry Kircholm 1605 - planszowki.gildia.pl - Gry planszowe, towarzyskie - newsy, rencezje (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Recenzja gry Kircholm 1605 - planszowki.gildia.pl - Gry planszowe, towarzyskie - newsy, rencezje
		Na północnym brzegu starorzecza rozsiadła się wioseczka Kircholm, Litwini po swej prawej stronie, z tyłu, mają troszkę lasu.
		Kircholm jest dość trudną grą, przepisy są skomplikowane, jednak kilka udanych (czyli z rozumieniem reguł grą rządzących) rozgrywek powoduje, że mocno wciąga i zachęca do robienia własnych gier w tym systemie (wielka szkoda, że tylko na tej jednej się skończyło).
	www.planszowki.gildia.pl /gry/kircholm_1605/kircholm_1605 (1693 words)

	Battle of Kircholm, 27 September 1605
		The battle of Kircholm was a decisive Polish-Lithuanian victory in the first phase of the Polish-Swedish War of 1600-1629.
		It was one of the most famous victories won by the Polish-Lithuanian Hussars and did much to end Charles IX of Sweden’s invasion of Livonia.
		At Kircholm he found the Polish-Lithuanians and formed up in order of battle on the crest of a hill.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_kircholm.html (381 words)

	Kircholm
		Kircholm is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Battle of Kircholm, Battle of Kircholm - History, Battle of Kircholm - Eve of the Battle, Battle of Kircholm - Deployment, Battle of Kircholm - Battle, Battle of Kircholm - After the Battle
		Having singed the Treaty of Stolbovo ending their Ingrian War with Russia in 1617 the Swedes, led by king Gustav II Adolf (Gustavus Adolphus), who was hailed as saviour of Protestant Europe, turned their attention to the Commonwealth again.
	www.experiencefestival.com /kircholm (1435 words)

	Battle of Kircholm at AllExperts
		On September 27, 1605, the Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish forces met near the small town of Kircholm (now Salaspils in Latvia, some 25 km.
		Hussars charging at Kircholm, painted by Wojciech Kossak, 1925.
		The fighting lasted barely 20 to 30 minutes, yet the Swedish defeat was utter and complete.
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/ba/battle_of_kircholm.htm (958 words)

	KIRCHOLM 27 Sept
		The Swedes advanced at night from the evening of the 26 September with 5000 veteran cavalry, 6000 infantry and 11 artillery guns.
		IX judged that Chodkiewicz had escaped, frightened by the huge disparity of force.
		In the meantime the Commonwealth banners were advancing in good order to the north-west from cover to the high ground over Kircholm.
	www.kismeta.com /diGrasse/images/kircholm_27_sept.htm (980 words)

	The Forum of the 1.Jagdmoroner Abteilung - Polish military art.
		Golden Age - for me it is period 1514 (battle of Orsza) to 1629 (battle of Trzciana), when polish-lithuanian army was almost undefeated, esspecialy Winged Hussars.
		It is better to say that Kircholm was victory of Rzeczpospolita.
		Between Kircholm and Vienna Polish heavy Husaria was the best heavy, and I must say tha Polish "Lisowczyk" - "Polish Rider", as on the famous Rembrandt (?) picture were considered very good on the West (though a not well disciplined).
	www.1jma.dk /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=775&whichpage=2 (1436 words)

	Poland - Introduction
		Unsurprisingly, they were famed as excellent riders and horse-riding became a much valued skill in Poland.
		The remarkable charges of Polish hussars at Kircholm (1605) and at the Siege of Vienna (1683) have their place in the history of Europe.
		Polish cavalrymen were known far outside the country.
	travel.poland.com /texts/en/t-ap-3-1.php (1097 words)

	Huzzah for the Hussar! - phatmass phorum
		In the battles of Byczyna (1588), Kokenhusen (1601), Kircholm (1605), Kłuszyn (1610), Gniew (1626), Chocim (1673) and Lwów (1675), the Polish hussars proved to be the decisive factor often against overwhelming odds.
		As one of the very few units in the Polish standing army (most of other units were formed as levée en masse), the hussars were well-trained and well-equipped.
		To see the true power of the hussars, see this article on the battle of Kircholm.
	www.phatmass.com /phorum/index.php?showtopic=43470 (1257 words)

	The Forum of the 1.Jagdmoroner Abteilung - Polish military art.
		To name a few, Kircholm (vs, Swedes), Klushyn (vs. Muscovites), Chocim (vs. Turks).
		I will be calling lithuanian-fashist, buth Kircholm battle is lithuanian victory, not a polish.
		His army which fought at Kircholm was mainly polish and was paid by Poland.
	www.1jma.dk /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=775 (2034 words)

	The early-modern Military Revolution
		The Poles bred horses for speed and endurance, developed a superb curved saber, and carried twenty feet lances that could pierce pikemen's defenses.
		At the battles of Kircholm (1605) and Gniew (1656), Polish cavalry showed they could beat the best Western infantry, and they played a key role in routing the Ottoman forces at the siege of Vienna (1683).
		Musket fire needed to be concentrated in volleys to be destructive because the weapons were so inaccurate (effective range was only about 75-100 yards - a modern army rifle has a range of about 400 yards) and because misfires were so common.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-16.htm (1623 words)

	Polish Army During the Napoleonic Wars
		It should be remembered that one of the greatest commanders in history, Gustav Adolf (Gustavus Adolphus) (ext.link) admired by Napoleon and many commanders, developed his skills in almost continuous warfare with the Poles.
		Upset at word of the massive defeat, Muscovite ruler allegedly remarked that "the prisoners [were] as useful as the dead" and declined to negotiate their return.
		The charge of Winged Knights at Kircholm was one of the most famous displays of heavy cavalry.
	web2.airmail.net /napoleon/polish_army.html (8251 words)

	paintings-index
		The Lithuanian Hetman [Field Marshall] Karol Chodkiewicz raised 3500 men, and moved 80 kilometers in 36 hours to meet the Swedish Army.
		Battle was joined at Kircholm on the 27th of September.
		The Lithuanians killed 6000 Swedes, captured all eleven Swedish guns, killed two of four Swedish division commanders, and wounded King Charles IX who commanded a third.
	www.zincavage.org /paintings-index.html (2547 words)

	Kirholm battle 27 sept. 1605 - Military Photos
		They did not see the Commonwealth troops, so Carol IX judged that Chodkiewicz had escaped, frightened by the huge disparity of force.
		A vigirous pursuit hounded the Swedes, who tried to rally and defend themselves at several points to save the situation.
		Around the church of Kircholm Lüneburski's infantry and some remants of the Swedish cavalry mounted a defense of the way to Riga under the leadership of King Carol IX.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=22826 (2342 words)

	Battle of Kircholm [Archive] - Military Images Photos Pictures Forums
		Battle of Kircholm [Archive] - Military Images Photos Pictures Forums
		Military Images Photos Pictures Forums > SPECIFIC MILITARY DISCUSSION > Historical Battles and Tactics > Battle of Kircholm
		However, the war was not over and soon the new Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus attacked the Inflants again.
	www.militaryimages.net /forums/archive/index.php/t-3410.html (538 words)

	The Rise To Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		From 1609 Poland became involved in a series of wars and was invaded by Swedes, Turks and Muscovites in such numbers that the country was almost submerged by enemy forces; this period became known as the "Deluge".
		The devastation and loss of life were tremendous and Poland was only saved by a number of outstanding military commanders (Jan Zamoyski, Stanislaw Zolkiewski, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz and Stanislaw Koniecpolski) who archived some great victories (Kluszyn, 1610; Kircholm, 1605;; Chocim, 1612).
		One historic episode during the "Deluge" was the defence of Czestochowa, Poland's most sacred shrine containing the picture of the Virgin Mary (the "Black Madonna"), by a small force led by the Prior and his monks against a besieging army of 9,000 Swedes.
	www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk /www/RisePower.html (1755 words)

	Classic Buffalo - Czyz Genealogy
		Aleksander Jerzy Bonifacy Mintowt-Czyz leads a group of Lithuanian lancers to battle, near Orsza, in September of 1514.
		In September of 1605 at the battle near Kircholm dies lieutenant of hussars, Jan Zenobiusz Mintowt-Czyz.
		In 1632-33, Bohdan Wasyl Mintowt-Czyz fought bravely and victoriously in a battle to save the city of Smolensk.
	www.classicbuffalo.com /CzyzGenealogy.htm (1172 words)

	Lukky.org - Hong Kong Travel and Accommodation Guide. time, luk, izhavia, nine, antalya, finnair, inter trans air, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		From the 10th to 15th century, the site was settled by the Livonian and Balts tribes.
		In 1605 the town was a site of the Battle of Kircholm in which forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth defeated much more numerous army of Sweden.
		In 1950s and 1960s, Salaspils became a major center for the production of electrical energy and scientific research.
	www.lukky.org /time/Namibia.html (1301 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		I know of the following additional titles: Arnhem 1944; Waterloo 1815; Szczury Pustyni (i.e.
		Desert Rats), Kircholm (Swedes in Poland?), and a grand tactical game on a battle in Poland in 1939 whose name I can't recall.
		There was also a strategic game set in WWII Europe in the shop where I bought my games, however I'm not certain it was by the same publisher (different packaging, mounted board?).
	www.grognard.com /info/dragoon.txt (502 words)

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