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	BBC - History - Kirkpatrick Macmillan (1812 - 1878)
		Macmillan was a Scottish flsmith who is credited with the invention of the pedal bicycle.
		Kirkpatrick Macmillan was born in 1812 in Dumfriesshire, the son of a flsmith.
		However, Macmillan was quite unconcerned with the fuss his invention had prompted, preferring to enjoy the quiet country life to which he was accustomed.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/macmillan_kirkpatrick.shtml (335 words)

	The Scotsman - A quiet blacksmith who never publicly pedalled his invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-06)
		Macmillan, who was born in 1812, was in his 20s when he began working as a flsmith's assistant for the Duke of Buccleuch at Drumlanrig in Dumfriesshire.
		Macmillan realised that a system of pedals could be made to turn the wheel, making it faster and less cumbersome, and set about building it at his family's smithy at Courthill, where he had returned to live.
		Macmillan himself died in Courthill on 26 January 1878 and it was only in the 1880s that his role in the invention of the bicycle was discovered.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=640812005 (875 words)

	Kirkpatrick Macmillan
		Kirkpatrick Macmillan, an inventor, was born in Keir (Dumfries and Galloway) in 1812.
		Kirkpatrick MacMillan developed the first rear-wheel driven safety bicycle in 1842, which allowed the rider to power the bicycle by means of pedals attached to levers and then attached to the rear wheel.
		Having raced the stagecoach on his return to Dumfriesshire, Macmillan went back to the quiet life, but his invention was copied and an English firm put it on sale at seven pounds.
	www.webscot.co.uk /greatscots/kirkpatrickmacmillan.htm (400 words)

	Sidney Kirkpatrick--About the author
		Research on Kirkpatrick’s third book, Lords of Sipan, began in 1991 in a small village on the north coast of Peru, where he traced the contents of a looted pre-Inca tomb as it entered the fl market in stolen antiquities.
		Kirkpatrick’s next book, Edgar Cayce, An American Prophet, is the definitive biography of Edgar Cayce, who is best known as "the sleeping prophet." The research and writing of this book has taken well over 5 years.
		Kirkpatrick and Thurlbeck live in a "Brady Bunch" household which consists of four children ranging in age from nine to nineteen, along with three dogs, four cats, and an assortment of smaller creatures.
	www.edgarcaycebooks.com (930 words)

	Kirkpatrick Macmillan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kirkpatrick Macmillan (* 2 September 1812 in Keir, Dumfries and Galloway; † 26 January 1878 in Keir) was a Scottish flsmith who was given credit for inventing the rear-wheel driven bicycle in a bizarre campaign by a relative, a rich corn trader and tricyclist named James Johnston in the 1890s.
		MacMillan lived in Glasgow and worked at the Vulcan Foundry during the relevant period around 1840, not at the family smithy Courthill.
		Johnston's articles stated that he completed construction of a pedal driven bicycle of wood in 1839, and that it had iron-rimmed wooden wheels, a steerable 30 inch (760 mm) wheel in the front and a 40 inch (1016 mm) wheel in the rear which was connected to pedals via connecting rods.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kirkpatrick_Macmillan (524 words)

	[hpv] Re: Who invented recumbents? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-06)
		The MacMillan story is called into doubt by Alistair Dodds, Curator of Transport at Scottish Museums in an article titled "The end of a legend?" published in BCQ4.
		Norman MacMillan of Yorkshire who claimed that the man in the photo was Kirkpatrick MacMillan.
		Kirkpatrick was a flsmith and would not have been referred to as a gentleman, according to Dodds.
	www.ihpva.org /pipermail/hpv/2000-April/004571.html (277 words)

	Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, Jr.
		Because of the senior positions he held, Kirkpatrick's account of events in the CIA's first 18 years are worth reading.
		Clark comment: Kirkpatrick rose to be both Inspector General and Exective Director-Comptroller of the Central Intelligence Agency; and this work is useful for the period 1947-1965, when he was with the CIA.
		Kirkpatrick's presentation is a broad overview but does put the subject into "proper perspective." Sargeant discusses the role of propaganda as an offensive weapon.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /alpha_folder/K_folder/kirkpatrick.html (338 words)

	FAQs
		The entire Scottish claim of the Macmillan bicycle is based on two lines of an anonymous newspaper report that a Blacksmith named Macmillan stuck and injured a child with his velocipede while riding it between the xxxx and xxxxx Scotland towns in 1835.
		Macmillan's velocipede never was mentioned again until nearly half a century later when, after the first pedal two wheel machine (still then and now - in the 1860's referred to as a velocipede), was patented and became popular in use.
		Macmillan's machine no longer existed to support any first hand evidence being claimed at the time that Macmillan had perhaps pioneered such a velocipede that may have been a foot-powered two-wheeled machine.
	www.pedalinghistory.com /PHfaq.html (3535 words)

	Kirkpatrick Cycles, Dumfries, Scotland
		Kirkpatrick Bros was founded by Adam Kirkpatrick at his works on the Whitesands.
		One of the reasons he kept the name Kirkpatrick was because the bicycle was invented by Kirkpatrick Macmillan of Thornhill.
		Kirkpatrick's Cycles is now in Queen Street and sells a wide range of cycles although Mr Forteath is an agent for Claud Butler, Giant, Orbita and British Eagle.
	www.k-cycles.com /index.html (260 words)

	Scotland - Birthplace of the Bicycle
		Having raced the stage coach on his return to Dumfriesshire, Macmillan went back to the quiet life, but his invention was copied and an English firm put it on sale at seven pounds.
		The first bicycle as we know it -- that is a bicycle with transmission and front wheel steering -- was produced by a Scottish flsmith called Kirkpatrick Macmillan in the village of Thornhill near Dumfries, Scotland.
		There is a showroom of cars through the ages, and the cycle display's centrepiece is the world's oldest pedal bike, invented by Kirkpatrick Macmillan.
	www.ahalenia.com /glasgopoloco/birth.html (654 words)

	scottish heritage - genealogy scotland - clans - scottish associations - historical attractions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-06)
		The fifth son of Robert Macmillan, flsmith at Courthill Smithy, at Keir Mill, Dumfriesshire, Kirkpatrick was baptised on 18 September 1812.
		Macmillan was nicknamed Daft Pate by his local villagers.
		Macmillan pulled teeth for both horses and humans, and played the fiddle at weddings.
	www.scotlandonline.com /heritage/heritage_gscots_detail.cfm?id=126 (454 words)

	NSMB.e.MAGAZINE - Freeride, Extreme and North Shore style Mountain Biking
		Macmillan's velocipede transferred power by incorporating side-by-side, horizontally positioned pedals attached to rods, which by swaying back-and-forth, like the front swing-arm of early locomotives, transmitted power to the rear wheel via the connecting crank arms.
		Frequently, Macmillan cycled fourteen miles to the nearby town of Dumfries to show-off the fruits of his labor to the bewildered township.
		Copies of the Macmillan velocipede sold for seven pounds each, in which Macmillan received nothing, due to foregoing the patenting processes for his powered bicycle.
	www.nsmb.com /trail_tales/velocipede_02_05.php (516 words)

	Clan Macmillan Shield at St Columba Church
		An early branch of the MacMillan clan was to be found at Loch Arkaig in Lochaber.
		However, tradition states that the family was moved from this area by Malcolm IV and placed on the crown lands of Loch Tay in Perthshire.
		In order to defend the honour of his wife from the advances of a too powerful admirer he attacked and slew the man, and in consequence was forced to abscond.
	www.highlandcathedral.org /scottish_clan.php?clan=Macmillan (453 words)

	E-Card Preview and Send
		But the first maker of a bicycle with drive-mechanism was a Scotsman, Kirkpatrick Macmillan.
		Macmillan's bicycle of 1839 was more advanced than Michaux's, for the drive was on the rear wheel, thus anticipating the developments of 40 years later.
		Macmillan was the first cyclist to be convicted for a road offence when, in 1842, he knocked down a child.
	www.teamestrogen.com /ecardSend.asp?action=fill&ecID=9 (125 words)

	CBC4Kids: History of Inventions, a timeline from Pottery to Computers.
		Kirkpatrick Macmillan added pedals to enable him to get up hills.
		His fellow villagers thought he was crazy, but it was this innovation that made the bicycle a serious form of transportation.
		That's why it is usually either the Michauxs or Lallement (who said the his employeers stole his idea), not Macmillan, who get the credit for inventing the bicycle.
	www.cbc.ca /kids/general/the-lab/history-of-invention/bicycle.html (389 words)

	Histories of 'pedalbikes'
		This somewhat was counterproductive even on the flat, downright impossible going uphill, and given that the bike had poor steering and next to no breaks, a guarantee of disaster on a downward slope.
		Things improved between 1839 and 1842 when the Scot, Kirkpatrick Macmillan invented a bike with alarming novelties such as a front wheel you could steer and two cranks (rather than pedals) which once pulled in a regular motion powered the rear wheel.
		The bike was still relatively difficult to ride and proved very much a test of the rider's skill and endurance.
	www.covent-garden.co.uk /historieso/pedalbikes.html (492 words)

	Bike Friday User Group UK - Report on KM158
		The Kirkpatrick Macmillan Cycle Rally was first held in 1990 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the building of what is thought to be the first true bicycle.
		That first event was known as KM150, denoting the anniversary and the name of the Scottish Blacksmith, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, who built the machine.
		Macmillan lived and worked at Courthill Smithy, near Thornhill, about 10 miles from Dumfries, and the Rally is held at nearby Drumlanrig Castle over a weekend at the end of May each year.
	www.foldsoc.co.uk /bfriday/repkm158.html (813 words)

	Clan MacMillan / McMillan - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-06)
		Bishop Cormac's son Gilchrist, the prognenitor of the Clann an Mhaoil, was a religious man like his father; and it was because of this that he wore the tonsure which gave him the nickname Maolan or Gillemaol.
		Alexander MacMillan is also remembered in Knapdale for the tower he built at Castle Sween (shown below), the oldest stone castle in Scotland, which he held for the Lord of the Isles in the 1470s.
		Buchanan Macmillan from Glen Urquhart became Printer to the King in the late 1700s; and the brothers Daniel and Alexander from Arran founded Macmillan and Co. publishers in the mid-1800s (the family to which the mid-20th century Prime Minister Harold Macmillan belonged).
	www.clanmacmillan.org /History.htm (1292 words)

	50¢ Cyclist: Orange Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-06)
		Kirkpatrick Macmillan is credited with inventing the first modern bike, after he developed the drivetrain in 1839.
		Shortly thereafter, the first recorded bicycle race in the world occurred when Macmillan wagered a coach driver he could win a race from Glasgow, Scotland, to the nearby town of Sanquhar.
		Macmillan's confidence in his abilities was well-founded, as he won decisively, an admirable feat considering his bicycle weighed over 80 pounds and had awkward wooden wheels rimmed with iron.
	www.unicover.com /EA1CAKEU.htm (415 words)

	[trikes] THE FIRST BICYCLE - 01/01/2001] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-06)
		In 1818, Baron Karl de Drais de Sauerbrun=20 exhibited his "draisienne," a two-wheeled, rider-propelled machine in=20 which the seated rider sort of paddled along, ala Fred Flintstone.=20 Scotsman Kirkpatrick Macmillan is a more likely candidate.
		After years=20 of experiments, he produced a self-propelled bicycle in 1839 that used=20 cranks mounted at the front to drive the rear wheel.
		Macmillan's machine never caught on, = though.=20 Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his son Ernest came up with a similar = design in=20 1861, this time with the cranks attached to the front wheel.
	www.ihpva.org /pipermail/trikes/2001q1/006317.html (297 words)

	Overview of Kirkpatrick Macmillan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-06)
		Born in Keir (Dumfries and Galloway), the son of a flsmith.
		This permitted the rider to power the bicycle by means of pedals attached to levers, which were attached to the rear wheel.
		However, Macmillan never patented his idea and it was therefore widely copied, although Macmillan was unconcerned.
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk /scotgaz/people/famousfirst232.html (141 words)

	McMillan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kirkpatrick MacMillan (1812–1878), Scottish flsmith who invented the rear-wheel-driven bicycle
		Margaret MacMillan (nursery education pioneer) Nursery education pioneer
		Division of McMillan, an electoral district in the Australian House of Representatives in Victoria
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Macmillan (169 words)

	Bicycle History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-06)
		The MacMillan velocipede was the first of its kind to be ridden with the legs off the ground.
		It was the first of its kind that allowed people to ride without touching their feet to the ground.
		In MacMillan's hometown of Coathill, Scotland, the one hundredth anniversary since the creation of the MacMillan velocipede was celebrated in September 1946 after an eight-year delay caused by WWII, but recently the actual existence of this vehicle has come under suspicion.
	www.cycle-info.bpaj.or.jp /english/learn/chistory.html (278 words)

	Recreation: Cycling - Cyclopedia.ws
		In 1838, Kirkpatrick MacMillan of Scotland used his flsmithing skills to produce the worlds first pedeled cycle that did not require the rider to touch the ground while in motion.
		In June of 1842, MacMillan traveled from his hometown of Coathill to Glasgow in two days on his machine.
		During the 68-mile trip, the local police authority fined MacMillan after causing injury to a young girl when she crossed his path.
	cyclopedia.ws /home.aspx/Recreation/Cycling (567 words)

	Louisville Bicycle Club History
		Baron Karl von Drais improved on that Celeriferes in 1817 by making the front wheel steerable, though riders still propelled the Draisienne by pushing on the ground, first with one foot and then the other.
		Kirkpatrick Macmillan, working in Courthill, Scotland, between 1839 and 1842, added pedals and levers to drive the back wheel.
		But his idea did not catch on until the bicycle chain was invented in the 1870s.
	www.louisvillebicycleclub.org /misc/hist07.htm (1122 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / LETTERS
		As I read your article “Behind the Wheels” (“Notes From the Field,” Winter 1994) I thought I recalled reading of a certain Kirkpatrick MacMillan, who built the world’s first pedal bicycle in 1839.
		Shadowy claims for precedence abound, notably the Scotsman Kirkpatrick MacMillan, credited with a lever-driven machine around 1840.
		Nevertheless, we can fairly surmise that some fundamental breakthrough did occur in Paris to precipitate the original cycling phenomenon, for there is no evidence of any prior technological convergence on the bicycle.
	americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/it/1994/4/1994_4_2_print.shtml (718 words)

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