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Topic: Kish (Sumer)

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	Sumer - MSN Encarta
		The history of Sumer has been reconstructed from fragmentary cuneiform inscriptions on clay tablets and from other archaeological evidence found at the site.
		The first major excavations leading to the discovery of Sumer were conducted (1842 to 1854) at Assyrian sites such as Nineveh, Dur Sharrukin, and Calah by the French archaeologists Paul Émile Botta and Victor Place; the British archaeologists Sir Austen Henry Layard and Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson; and the Iraqi archaeologist Hormuzd Rassam.
		The irrigated city of Kish, which was situated 13 km (8 mi) east of Babylon on the Euphrates, was one of the most important cities of Sumer.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576369/Sumer.html (1363 words)

	Kish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kish (Sumer), an ancient city in Sumer, now in Iraq
		Kish, Iran, an Iranian island and city in the Persian Gulf
		The Kish Bank is a shallow in the Irish Sea, a fishing ground.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kish (107 words)

	Sumer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		From early on, Sumer consisted of 12 city-states: Adab, Akshak, Bad-tibira Erech, Kish, Lagash, Larak, Larsa, Nippur, Sippar, Umma and Ur.
		It was the inhabitants of Sumer that developed the first pictographic writing system, which after a few hundred years developed into the writing style that we now call cuneiform.
		Around 2500: King Lugalanemundu of Adab extends Sumer to cover the area from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea, bordering the Taurus mountains in the north, and the Zagros mountains in the east.
	i-cias.com /e.o/sumer.htm (955 words)

	Sumer - MSN Encarta
		The history of Sumer has been reconstructed solely from fragmentary writings on clay tablets and from other evidence uncovered and interpreted by modern archaeologists.
		The first Sumerian ruler of historical record, Etana, king of Kish (flourished about 2800 bc), was described in a document written centuries later as the “man who stabilized all the lands.” Shortly after his reign ended, a king named Meskiaggasher founded a rival dynasty at Erech (Uruk), far to the south of Kish.
		The canalled city of Kish, which was situated 13 km (8 mi) east of Babylon on the Euphrates River, is known to have been one of the most important cities of Sumer.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576369/Sumer.html (1528 words)

	alt.mythology Sumerian Mythology FAQ, ver. 2.0
		History and Overview - Sumer may very well be the first civilization in the world (although long term settlements at Jericho and C,atal Hu:yu:k predate Sumer and examples of writing from Egypt and the Harappa, Indus valley sites _may_ predate those from Sumer).
		It was easily the largest city in the area, although the older cities of Eridu to the south and Kish to the north may have rivaled it.
		Sumer was one of the first literate civilizations leaving many records of business transactions, and lessons from schools.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/mythology/sumer-faq (10828 words)

	EDI-II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The name Sumer is derived from the Babylonian name for southern Mesopotamia: "Mat Umeri" (the land of Sumer), the meaning of which is unknown.
		Kish was the first city to gain control "after the deluge" gaining overlordship over all of Sumer.
		Sumer was unified in name, with all the city-states recognizing Kish as their overlord, in words if not in deeds.
	www.geocities.com /garyweb65/EDI-II.html (1380 words)

	Sumer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sumer is an Akkadian designation, for the Sumerians called their land Kiengir as opposed to Kurkur (foreign lands).
		Kish did not succeeded in its imperial project and its hegemony ended with the first period of Lagash, founded by Ur-Nanshe in the southern heartland of Sumer.
		By then Sumer's influence extended far north of Kish to Mari (on the right bank of the Euphrates in Syria), where cuneiform Semitic writing (Akkadian) has been discovered, and to the city of Ebla (south of Aleppo in Syria).
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /LanguageFamilies/sumer.html (1386 words)

	Kish, Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kish or Uhaimir ("the red" - because of its ziggurat's red bricks), was one of the twelve city-states of ancient Sumer civilization, located on an ancient branch of the Euphrates river 10 km east of Babylon.
		Schedules of the Sumerian kings indicates that the kingship, after the Flood, descended from heaven again to Kish, and not as previously to Eridu near Ur.
		One of the earlier kings in Kish was Etana who "stabilized all the lands" securing the 1st dynasty of Kish and establishing rule over ancient Sumer and some of its neighbors.
	www.atlastours.net /iraq/kish.html (147 words)

	Sumer - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sumer (or Shumer, Sumeria, Shinar, native ki-en-gir) formed the southern part of Mesopotamia from the time of settlement by the Sumerians until the time of Babylonia.
		The Sumerians inhabited various city-states, each centered on a temple dedicated to the patron god of the city and ruled over by a king, who was intimately tied to the city's religious rites.
		The dynasty of Lagash is well known through important monuments, and one of the first empires in recorded history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Sumer (1969 words)

	Kish (Sumer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kish [kish] (Tall al-Uhaymir) was an ancient city of Sumer, now in central Iraq.
		In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh despite all his power is a vassal of the King of Kish.
		While he makes an attempt to display that he could be independent, by defying Kish's authority, his display is brief and in the end he comes back and pledges his fealty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kish_(Sumer) (503 words)

	Forums - Do the Rulers Benefit the People? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sumer is justifiably designated the "cradle of civilization." Five thousand years ago Sumer had great political power and economic wealth and great achievements in art, monumental architecture, religious and ethical thought, oral myths, epics, and hymns.
		Sumer became known by the hyphenated name Sumer-Akkad and the Semitic language Akkadian began to rival Sumerian as the living language of the land.
		Sumer freed itself from the Gutian yoke and a king named Ur-Nammu founded a dynasty at the city of Ur, the so-called Third Dynasty of Ur (c.2050-1950 B.C.) Ur-Nammu was a capable military leader and an outstanding social reformer and lawgiver.
	engforum.pravda.ru /showthread.php3?s=&threadid=86342 (1385 words)

	Myths of Babylon and Assyria: Chapter VI. Wars of the City States of Sumer and Akkad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If the Queen Azag-Bau founded Kish when she was only twenty, and gave birth to the future ruler in her fiftieth year, he must have been an elderly gentleman of seventy when he began to reign.
		According to the Chronicle of Kish, the next ruler of Sumer and Akkad after Lugal-zaggisi was the famous Sargon I. It would appear that he was an adventurer or usurper, and that he owed his throne indirectly to Lugal-zaggisi, who had dethroned the ruler of Akkad.
		The goddess of Kish appears to have been a form of Bau, as is testified by the name of Queen Azag-Bau, the legendary founder of the city.
	www.earth-history.com /Babylon/myths/mba12.htm (7931 words)

	Sumeria
		Sumer was a collection of city states around the Lower Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now southern Iraq.
		It was easily the largest city in the area, although the older cities of Eridu to the south and Kish to the north may have rivaled it.
		Etana was later believed by the Babylonians to have rode to heaven on the back of a giant Eagle so that he could receive the "plant of birth" from Ishtar (their version of Inanna) and thereby produce an heir.
	www.users.bigpond.com /MSN/gary_fletcher/mesopotamia.html (1478 words)

	Sumer history :: Paganality.com :: (yes, it's magik :) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sumer may very well be the first civilization in the world although long term settlements at Jericho and Catal Huyuk predate Sumer and examples of writing from Egypt and the Harappa, Indus valley sites may predate those from Sumer.
		Sumer became a collection of city-states around the Lower Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now southern Iraq.
		The history of Sumer tends to be divided into five periods - the entire span lasting from 3800 BC to around 2000 BC.
	www.paganality.com /pagan-article-historical-places-sumer-history (2329 words)

	[No title]
		The name Sumer was given to the region by a later group of Semitic invaders, the Akkadians, who invaded the area towards the end of the Third Millennium.
		The power of the king of Kish was such that one such early Dynastic ruler named Mesalim is know to have adjudicated a bitter and prolonged land dispute between the neighboring city states of Umma and Lagash.
		The first of these occurred when Sumer was invaded by the Akkadians, a Semitic people, under the command of their king, Sargon of Akkad.
	www.archaeos.org /Duranki/history.htm (1476 words)

	Sumerian Mythology FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sumer was a collection of city states around the Lower Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now southern Iraq.
		One of the earlier kings in Kish was Etana who "stabilized all the lands" securing the First Dynasty of Kish and establishing rule over Sumer and some of its neighbors.
		The god of the plain or "king of the mountain", he is the god placed in charge of the plant and animal life on the plain of Sumer by Enki.
	home.comcast.net /~chris.s/sumer-faq.html (10387 words)

	[No title]
		Sumer may very well be the first civilization in the world (although long term settlements at [26]Jericho and [27]Catal Hoyuk predate Sumer and examples of writing from [28]Egypt may predate those from Sumer).
		Each of these cities had individual rulers although as early as the mid fourth millenium BC the leader of the dominant city-state was considered to have been the king of the region (ibid).....
		Sumer was divided between some thirty city-states each with a patron deity and a ruler generally called Ensi.
	saturniancosmology.org /files/kish/sumer.txt (2067 words)

	Ancient Kish (Ukhaimir) in Sumer [Iraq]
		Situated on an ancient branch of the Euphrates River 80 kilometers south of Baghdad in Iraq, Kish was one of the city-states of the Sumer civilization.
		One of the most important monuments excavated is an Early Dynastic palace, one of the earliest indications any where in Sumer of the growing power of kings whlch was to challenge and eventually over take that of the Temple [religious] organizations during the course of the Early Dynastic period.
		Kish is the collective name for at least 40 tells (mounds) arranged in an oval measuring 1.5 by 5 miles.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Kish_Ukhaimir.html (350 words)

	Ancient Sumer History in Mesopotamia
		Erech and Accad and Calneh in the land of Shinar (Sumer).....
		Sumer may very well be the first civilization in the world (although long term settlements at Jericho and Catal Hoyuk predate Sumer and examples of writing from Egypt may predate those from Sumer).
		Sargon was King of Kish which implied suzerainty over northern Babylonia when he defeated the principal ruler in Sumer -- King Lugalzagesi of Uruk (1) thus uniting the non-Semitic Sumer with the more northerly Akkad under one kingship.....
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Sumer.html (1998 words)

	Sumerian History
		The cities of Sumer could not maintain remote, long-distance colonies purely by military force; the domestic horse did not appear in Sumer until the Ur III period - one thousand years after the Uruk period ended.
		In the earliest known period Sumer was divided into several independent city-states, whose limits were defined by canals and boundary stones.
		The Semites ended up prevailing in Mesopotamia by the time of Hammurabi of Babylon, who founded the Babylonian Empire, and the language and name of Sumer gradually passed into the realm of antiquarian scholars (although their influence on Babylonia and all subsequent cultures was indeed great).
	www.crystalinks.com /sumerhistory.html (2458 words)

	The Sumerian King List - www.GatewaysToBabylon.com
		Some kings of Kish and Uruk listed in the Sumerian King List were also mentioned in Sumerian and Akkadian myths and legends, such as Enmerkar, Lugalbanda, Dumuzi, Gilgamesh and Etana.
		Early Dynastic Sumer was a loose-knit confederation of small city-states whose relationships with one another varied from vassalage to equality, but never unity.
		Sumer and Akkad each consisted of about a dozen city-states near each other along the branches of the Euphrates and Tigris.
	www.gatewaystobabylon.com /introduction/sumer_kinglist.htm (3849 words)

	[No title]
		History Sumer was a collection of city states around the Lower Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now southern Iraq.
		The Early Dynastic period ran from 2900 BC to 2370 BC and it is this period for which we begin to have more reliable written accounts although some of the great kings of this era later evolved mythic tales about them and were deified.
		Sumer was one of the first literate civilizations leaving many records of business transactions, and lessons from schools.
	www.luckymojo.com /esoteric/religion/FAQ.sumrmyt.9708 (6477 words)

	Kish_(Sumer)
		Murex bearing the name of Rimush, king of Kish, ca.
		, modern Tall al-Uhaymir) was an ancient city of Sumer, situated some 12 km east of Babylon, now ca.
		Kish (Ukhaimir) at The History of the Ancient Near East
	en.filepoint.de /info/Kish_(Sumer) (173 words)

	EDIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The bitter struggle between Kish, Ur, Uruk and Lagash for control of Sumer must have weakened them because we now have the first foreign occupation of the land.
		After this, he swept through Sumer, which had been liberated from the Elamites by Uruk, subduing Uruk, Ur and the other cities, as well as conquering part of Elam.
		Kish was still weak from a defeat at the hands of En-Shakush-Anna of Uruk.
	www.geocities.com /garyweb65/EDIII.html (1067 words)

	Sumerian king list (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The kingship was believed to be handed down by the gods, and could be passed from one city to another by military conquest.
		The first name on the list whose existence has been authenticated through recent archaeological discoveries, is that of Enmebaragesi of Kish, whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epics.
		Etana of Kish, the shepherd, who ascended to heaven and consolidated all the foreign countries: 1500 years
	www.tocatch.info /en/Sumerian_Early_Dynastic_period.htm (1212 words)

	Docs.Rage.Net: /faq/mythology/sumer-faq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		History and Overview - Sumer may very well be the first civilization in the world (although long term settlements at Jericho and C,atal Hu:yu:k predate Sumer and examples of writing from Egypt and the Harappa, Indus valley sites _may_ predate those from Sumer).
		The Early Dynastic period ran from 2900 BCE to 2370 BCE and it is this period for which we begin to have more reliable written accounts although some of the great kings of this era later evolved mythic tales about them and were deified.
		Lugalzagesi, _ensi_ or priest-king of Umma from around 2360-2335 BCE, razed Lagash, and conquered Sumer, declaring himself "king of Erech and the Land".
	docs.rage.net /faq/mythology/sumer-faq (10873 words)

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