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Topic: Klallam language

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	Klallam language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Klallam or Clallam (native name: Nəxʷsƛ̕ay̕əmúcən) is a nearly extinct Straits Salishan language that was traditionally spoken by the Klallam peoples at Becher Bay on Vancouver Island in British Columbia and across the Strait of Juan de Fuca on the north coast of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington.
		Klallam is closely related to North Straits Salish, but not mutually intelligible.
		Klallam language, Sounds, Consonants, Vowels, Grammar, External links, Bibliography, Languages of Canada, Languages of the United States, Coast Salishan languages, Endangered languages and Indigenous languages of the North American Northwest Coast.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Klallam_language (482 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Klallam language
		Klallam (also Clallam) is a Straits Salishan language natively called Nəxʷsƛ̕ay̕əmúcən, spoken by Klallam peoples.
		Klallam is spoken at Becher Bay on Vancouver Island in British Columbia and across the Strait of Juan de Fuca on the north coast of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington.
		Klallam is closely related to the Northern Straits dialects (including Saanich).
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Klallam_language (483 words)

	Classified List of BC Native Languages
		The Athabaskan language family as a whole is fairly closely related to Eyak, a language once spoken in the Cook inlet area of southern Alaska.
		The Apachean languages are spoken in the American Southwest, while the Pacific Coast languages are spoken in various places along the Pacific coast from the far north of California to southern Washington.
		The Tsimshianic languages are spoken on the northwest coast and in adjacent areas of the interior.
	www.ydli.org /bcother/bclist.htm (1153 words)

	Klallam Language and the S'Klallam Indian Tribe (Clallam, Naklallam, Nuxwstlayamutsen)
		Klallam Language and the S'Klallam Indian Tribe (Clallam, Naklallam, Nuxwstlayamutsen)
		Klallam is a Salishan language of British Columbia and Washington state.
		Only a few elders still speak the Klallam language natively, but some young people are working to keep their ancestral language alive.
	www.native-languages.org /klallam.htm (200 words)

	Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Makah speak a language that is part of the Nootkan subgroup of the Wakashan linguistic stock spoken on Vancouver Island.
		The Quinault language is a branch of the Salishan language family.
		The Klallam speak the Clallam language, which is of the Central Salish branch of the Salishan linguistic family.
	www.nps.gov /olym/edprehis.htm (2046 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Northwest Tribe Struggles to Revive Its Language
		Bea Charles was among the first generation of the Lower Elwha Klallam tribe to attend public school, where she was forbidden to speak her native language.
		"A language is an emblem of social identity," said linguist Timothy Montler, who has devoted much of the past decade to preserving the language of the Klallam.
		He has plumbed the technical aspects of the language, but he is enjoying the process of going beyond pure academics into the hands-on work of trying to make a language live again.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A54559-2003Mar30?language=printer (1495 words)

	National Indian Law Library, Indian Law Bulletins, Unreported Case, United States of America v. State of Washington
		The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe is also a party to the Hood Canal Agreement, but has not participated on either side of the current dispute.
		The language regarding "bad faith" in the letters, some of which is quoted above, is a clear assertion of social disapproval, and thus amounts to "regulation" of S'Klallam fishing as that term is used in this case.
		And while the Lower Elwha Band of Klallam Indians is a party to the Agreement, there was no need to join them as defendants because it is the actions of the Skokomish, and the Skokomish alone, that are at issue.
	www.narf.org /nill/bulletins/dct/unreported/USvWA.html (2678 words)

	Canku Ota - May 20 2000 - Native Language for Foreign Language Credit
		For the Klallam Tribe, getting the oral language into the classroom was a grueling, eight-year effort that began with building an archive of the all-but-forgotten words.
		With only two fluent Klallam elders still alive, tribal members had to act fast, beginning in 1990 when they gave five elders tape recorders to talk into for hours at a stretch, as long as their strength held up.
		Elder Bea Charles remembers being a child and seeing the sadness that shone in her great-grandfather's face as he watched the language and customs taken from his people during the first half of the century, when children were punished for speaking their native tongue and forced to speak English.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues00/Co05202000/CO_05202000_Language.htm (1087 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Site teaching Klallam tribe "who we were, who we are"
		Lower Elwha Klallam tribal chairwoman Frances Charles, right, tells elders Bea Charles, left, and Adeline Smith that she is sorry they weren't consulted about the dry-dock project that unearthed an ancient tribal village.
		The classroom filled with the sounds of the Klallam language as Lower Elwha, Port Gamble and Jamestown S'Klallam tribal members sat alongside whites from the Port Angeles area, learning the Klallam words for artifacts found at the village.
		Language instructor Jamie Valadez created a unit based on the discoveries at Tse-whit-zen for the curriculum she is writing for eighth-grade history classes in the Port Angeles schools.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/klallamday4.html (1741 words)

	NATHPO - News
		Language experts estimate that of the more than 175 indigenous languages once spoken in the United States, only 20 remain in active use.
		Davis said the state board will not require districts to offer native language and culture courses, but the pilot program "will leverage the importance of cultures that are part of our state history.
		Valadez, a specialist with the Lower Elwha tribe who teaches in the district and received her special teaching certificate from the state Friday, said students in elementary and secondary programs write notes to each other in the Klallam language.
	www.nathpo.org /News/Language/News_Native-Languages20.htm (444 words)

	S'Klallam (Jamestown) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Jamestown S'Klallam is a tribe of the S'Klallam or Klallam Native American group on the northern Olympic Peninsula of Washington state in the northwestern United States.
		The Jamestown S'Klallam Indian Reservation is very small in area, comprised of 0.145 km (35.87 acres) of land area on and near Sequim Bay in the community of Blyn, in extreme eastern Clallam County.
		The S'Klallam language (called Clallam or Klallam) belongs to the Salishan family of Native American languages.
	www.1bx.com /en/S%27Klallam_%28Jamestown%29.htm (373 words)

	1992 Historic Preservation Fund Grants
		Document the Sugcestun language spoken by the elders of Port Graham, prepare and institute a school-based curriculum using a "speaking MacIntosh computer," and initiate weekly adult language immersion classes in Sugcestun.
		Videotape the cultural activities of three tribally sponsored language immersion camps for Karuk children and their families where traditional skills including basketry and fishing techniques will be taught.
		Develop curriculum for one semester of Chickasaw language instruction for preschool and elementary school children to be taught during the regular school year by three certified teachers who speak Chickasaw fluently.
	www.cr.nps.gov /hps/hpg/tribal/grants/fy92.html (1679 words)

	University of North Texas North Texan Online Summer 2003: Preserving a Culture
		He was one of the last people who could tell stories fluently in the Klallam language and he taught me a lot.
		In his last few years he was one of a small group of Klallam elders dedicated to getting as much of their knowledge of the Klallam language recorded as possible.
		He had enormous knowledge of Klallam language and culture; we only managed to get a small part of it on tape and paper.
	www.unt.edu /northtexan/archives/s03/tribale.htm (250 words)

	Native Americans
		In this volume the word is spelled S'Klallam, unless reffering to the Elwha specifically or the Klallam language.
		S'Klallam is an anglicized version and according to tradition means "strong (or mighty) people." The Klallam language is of the Central Salish branch of the Salishan linguistic family.
		The first proposal was to combine the three S'Klallam bands, and the second was to organize the Jamestown and Elwha separately from the Port Gamble, however, all efforts to consolidate the tribes were abandoned in the late 1930s, and today the three S'Klallam tribes are distinct federally recognized tribes with separate reservations.
	handsontheland.org /classroom/2002serv_learn/olym/nativeamericans.htm (564 words)

	Salishan - Qwika
		Salishan languages The Salishan (also Salish) languages are a group of...
		Pre-contact distribution of Salishan languages (in red) The terms Salish and Salishan are used interchangeably by Salishan linguists and anthropologists.
		Klallam (also Clallam) is a Straits Salishan language natively called Nəxʷ...
	www.qwika.com /find/Salishan (495 words)

	Canku Ota - NA Nation Links
		The Kawaiisu language is unique in pronunciation and structure and is maintained amongst tribal members to this day.
		Kickapoo is an Algonquian language closely related to Shawnee and Mesquakie.
		It is spoken in three distinct language areas, in Kansas, Oklahoma, and northern Mexico, by a combined 800 people.
	www.turtletrack.org /Links/NANations/CO_NANationLinks_M.htm (941 words)

	HistoryLink Essay:Bridge construction project unearths Tse-whit-zen, a largely intact Klallam Indian village, in a ...
		Discovery of the refuse pile, and shortly thereafter, many human remains and artifacts, reveals the largely intact Klallam village of Tse-whit-zen under layers of industrial rubble and fill.
		Like their neighbors, with whom they both traded and warred, the Klallam enjoyed a relative abundance of natural resources and a rich and complex culture.
		The disturbance of ancestral remains was extremely painful, but the physical artifacts and the cultural information that they carried inspired not only tribal members but also some neighbors to take a greater interest in the region's traditional culture.
	www.historylink.org /essays/printer_friendly/index.cfm?file_id=7343 (1217 words)

	languagehat.com: KLALLAM REVIVE LANGUAGE.
		After a century of open hostility toward these languages, the federal government is helping to foot the bill.
		But the task is daunting: Of about 175 indigenous languages still spoken in the United States, about 20 are being passed on to another generation.
		As far as anyone can tell, there are only three or four remaining speakers of Klallam, which is one of the large family of Salish languages that were once prevalent in the upper Northwest and British Columbia.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/000276.php (374 words)

	Linguistics languages natural salish
		Languages of this family are spoken, or used to be spoken, in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, both in Canada and the US.
		salish languages language coast spoken british columbia klallam saanich collections north two word straits archaeology of the british columbia coast salish in the the salish of north and the classified word word list of saanich north straits straits salish and grammar grammar of by timothy timothy montler proper viewing.
		Classification of the Salish languages, with maps showing the original distribution of the languages of the Coast Salish group Comox, Sechelt, Pentlatch, Squamish, Halqmeylem, Northern Straits, Nooksack, and Klallam.
	www.guide-to-the-net.com /science-social-sciences/linguistics-languages-natural-salish.htm (265 words)

	Linguist List - Web Resource Listings
		Dictionary of The Spoken Taino Language: A tri-lingual Taino, Spanish and English dictionary of the Taino language.
		Dictionary of the Scots Language: The Dictionary of the Scots Language (DSL) comprises electronic editions of the two major historical dictionaries of the Scots language: the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) and the Scottish National Dictionary (SND).
		Scottish Language Dictionaries: Scottish Language Dictionaries (SLD) aims in particular to develop Scottish lexicography, building on the achievements of the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) and the Scottish National Dictionary Association (SNDA).
	www.linguistlist.org /sp/Dict.html (6051 words)

	languagehat.com: March 2003 Archives
		The Michif language is spoken by Metis, the descendants of European fur traders (often French Canadians) and Cree-speaking Amerindian women.
		For many of the better-known languages there is a large number of dictionaries to choose from, some of them simply in competition with one another, some dealing with a language variety, some offering different approaches to the same material.
		If any of you have been through it and have thoughtful things to say about it, I suggest you drop by her place and join the discussion; if you hated it as much as I did and simply want to spew vitriol, please do so in my comments section, where it will be appreciated.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/2003_03.php (6897 words)

	Klallam Word List: Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It is one language in a large family of Native American languages called Salishan or Salish languages that have been spoken in what is now Washington, British Columbia, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana.
		Although Klallam is a separate language, it is very closely related to the dialects called Northern Straits: Saanich, Lummi, Samish, Songish, and Sooke.
		Elwha Klallam, Becher Bay Klallam, Jamestown Klallam, and Little Boston Klallam are all very, very slightly different from one another in the pronunciation and usage of some words.
	www.cas.unt.edu /~montler/Klallam/WordList/KlIntroduction.htm (241 words)

	yourDictionary.com.Comprehensive and Authoritative Language Portal
		There are 6,800 known languages spoken in the 200 countries of the world.
		New language dictionaries added recently are marked by a.
		If you would like to have novels, videos, games, and other resources in a variety of languages, you may now order them from our website even as you peruse our on-line resources.
	www.yourdictionary.com /languages.html (177 words)

	Tribe takes unique role in Rayonier cleanups
		Y'innis means "good beach" in the Klallam language and was the name of a major tribal village that once thrived at the mouth of what is now Ennis Creek.
		It was one of two large Klallam villages in the harbor.
		The Y'innis site was occupied by the Puget Sound Cooperative Colony in 1887 and some surviving Klallams continued to live on beaches of the harbor until the 1930s, when lands were purchased for a reservation on the Elwha River.
	www.djc.com /special/environment2000/elwah.html (928 words)

	Native American Culture - Languages
		This language center was established in 1972 by state legislation as a center for documentation and cultivation of the state's 20 Native languages.
		The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee is succeeding at preserving the "NUMU TEKWAPUHA" and restoring it as a living language.
		The Manitoba Metis Federation is in partnership with the Department of Canadian Heritage - Aboriginal Languages initiative and the Metis National Council in a planned three year language project.
	www.ewebtribe.com /NACulture/lang.htm (1374 words)

	Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 41, no. 4
		Languages in Botswana: Language Ecoogy in Southern Africa (Lars-Gunnar Anderson and Tore Janson)
		Klallam is composed of three dialects, and Northern Straits comprises a dialect continuum composed of Sooke, Songish, Saanich, Lummi, and Samish.
		This article summarizes the history of the terminological confusion, demonstrates that Klallam is a distinct language, lists distinguishing features of the varieties, and discusses problems and complicating factors, including dialect identification, gender differences, generational differences, and new, revitalized varieties of these endangered languages.
	www.indiana.edu /~anthling/v41-4.html (526 words)

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