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	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Kliper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Energia's Kliper proposal is currently proposed in two versions: as a pure lifting body design and as a spaceplane with small wings.
		Kliper had been developed since 2000 and reportedly relied heavily on research studies as well as proposals for a small Russian lifting body spacecraft from the 1990s.
		The light Kliper version proposed is stripped down to 7 tons and uses the 'split-up'-option with Parom as a spacetug.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Kliper (2939 words)

	Kliper Did You Mean kliper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Kliper is currently proposed in two versions: as a lifting body design and as a spaceplane with small wings.
		Kliper is the counterpart of the American Crew Exploration Vehicle and is therefore part of a modular design that enables it to be both a LEO-shuttle type vehicle as well as a spacecraft able to go beyond Earth orbit to the Moon and even Mars.
		Kliper is planned to be a flexible spacecraft, that should have the capability to be launched from Plesetsk, Baikonur, and the European spaceport Centre Spatial Guyanais at Kourou, French Guiana.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Kliper.html (2241 words)

	Kliper (Clipper) spacecraft
		An officially released photo of RKK Energia's president Nikolai Sevastyanov holding an artist rendition of the "new" Kliper at the opening of the tender was analyzed to death, but it was too distorted by the perspective and low resolution to enable a clear visualization of the vehicle.
		In its latest configuration, the Kliper would be launched on top of the three-stage Soyuz-2-3 rocket and upon reaching the orbit would wait for the arrival of the Parom orbital tug, which would boost the vehicle to the space station.
		In the original concept, the Kliper would be topped with the emergency escape rocket, which would pull the glider away from the failing booster during the launch, as it was done onboard the Soyuz spacecraft.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /kliper.html (918 words)

	History of the Kliper (Clipper) spacecraft
		This animation illustrates proposed sequence of orbital insertion for the Kliper, where eight solid-propellant motors mounted on the adapter ring would be fired in pairs shortly after separation of the spacecraft from the last stage of its launch vehicle, giving it final push into orbit.
		According to the original plans, the Kliper would be launched on top of a yet-to-be developed Onega booster -- a heavily modified Soyuz rocket -- with no payload fairing but with the emergency escape rocket attached to the nose section of the reentry capsule.
		As required by the tender, the Kliper would be capable of lunar missions, (apparently, in a wingless configuration), and even had a potential for its use in the expeditions to Mars.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /kliper_history.html (2758 words)

	Kliper
		Kliper is a proposed replacement for the Soyuz Spacecraft.
		Kliper is designed being developed in Russia by Moscow’s space rocket corporation Energia.
		The 14,000 kg Kliper is able to carry a six member crew and a 700 kg payload.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceshuttle/kliper.html (436 words)

	New Scientist SPACE - Breaking News - Space-ferry may be ready by 2010 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Kliper is also being designed to operate completely autonomously, without the need for pilot control.
		Some on the team hope Kliper would be able to travel to the Moon, "but I think there's a little bit of science fiction in that", he says.
		Kliper may be launched on an upgraded Soyuz rocket from Kazakhstan's Baikonur Cosmodrome or ESA's South American spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana.
	www.newscientistspace.com /article.ns?id=dn7901 (698 words)

	Space Now
		Kliper was envisaged by Energia Rocket and Space Corporation, which builds and operates all Russian human space vehicles.
		Kliper would be the successor to the Soyuz capsule, which has been used for almost 40 years.
		Kliper is a reusable, wingless space plane that would glide back to Earth.
	www.spacenow.org.uk /index.cfm?code=intospace&subcode=article&recID=629 (226 words)

	ESA Portal - Europe envisages cooperation on new Russian space plane
		The Kliper project which Russia is proposing to build was one of the hot subjects of the recent Le Bourget airshow.
		Not far from the Kliper model at Le Bourget was another scale model, that of the future Soyoz launch complex being built in French Guiana.
		"Kliper has been conceived on the long term, to be usable 20, 30 or 40 years from now," emphasises Frank de Winne.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/SEMONS5DIAE_index_0.html (982 words)

	Klipper update thread (part 1) - Forums powered by UBBThreads™ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He said that the Kliper launch vehicle, which Russia is to build in collaboration with other countries, would be able to carry a crew of six and land on first-class airfields.
		Kliper (Clipper), the brainchild of Russian space corporation RKK Energia, is sketched as a successor to the venerable Cold War workhorse of space, the Soyuz capsule.
		The main difference of the Kliper from the U.S. space shuttle project and the Russian shuttle Buran is that it is made of two parts and only the piloted compartment is capable of multiple uses.
	uplink.space.com /showflat.php?Cat=&Board=missions&Number=287263&page=0&view=collapsed&sb=5&o=0&fpart=1&vc=1 (1896 words)

	United Press International - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		According to Kliper's chief leading designer Vladimir Daneev, in the event of an accident during launch the Kliper can reach the airfield on its own, as it is designed so that it can land from any orbital turn.
		Kliper will be able to stay up to 15 days in self-contained space flight and up to 360 days as part of an orbital station such as the International Space Station.
		Kliper's first unmanned test flight is scheduled for 2011, to be followed by a manned flight in 2012.
	www.washtimes.com /upi/20050616-104439-3758r.htm (740 words)

	ESA to join Russia`s Kliper program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Kliper will be used for flights to the International Space Station, as well as projects related to the exploration of the moon and Mars, said Anatoly Perminov, the head of Roskosmos.
		The reusable Kliper can be launched from Russian territory and from the Guyana space center in French Guyana, said Nickolay Moiseev, deputy head of Roskosmos.
		The first launch of the Kliper, according to Roskosmos, is planned for no later than 2011.
	science.monstersandcritics.com /news/printer_1012273.php (162 words)

	New Russian Spacecraft Unveiled in Nagoya
		Anatoly Perminov, the head of the Federal Space Agency, said the Kliper would be able to dock with the International Space Station (ISS) and fly to the Moon.
		Perminov said his agency was studying the possibility of orbiting the Kliper using a Zenith launch vehicle.
		The Kliper will have a mass of 14.5 tons, fly 700kg payloads to the ISS and return 500kg payloads to Earth.
	nyjtimes.com /Stories/2005/NewRussianSpacecraftUnveiled.htm (512 words)

	Next-generation Russian spaceship unveiled - Space News - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Descriptions of the Kliper (for "clipper ship") vehicle have been widely circulated in the space community but today’s presentation in Moscow was the most detailed yet.
		Kliper is designed to carry a crew of six as well as a half ton of cargo to the international space station, where it will be able to remain docked as an escape pod for a full year, twice as long as the Soyuz.
		Kliper is supposed to be even cheaper, but with major improvements in payload.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6623693 (1299 words)

	The Daily ACK: The "Kliper" ship
		The reusable Kliper could deliver cargo, or a crew of six, to orbit and the International Space Station where it could remain docked for up to a year.
		The new spacecraft is a lifting body where the body of the craft itself produces the lifting force during reentry into the atmosphere.
		Unlike a traditional reentry capsules, such as Soyuz, which are limited to a narrow landing corridors along the ground track of their final orbit, the new craft would have significant sideways maneouvering capability.
	www.babilim.co.uk /blog/2004/12/kliper-ship.html (511 words)

	Russian official says new reusable spacecraft to be launched in 2012
		Sevastyanov noted that the main requirements placed on the Kliper are to reduce the cost of manned space flights, and also to ease the strains to which cosmonauts are subjected and, correspondingly, to reduce medical indices [as received].
		The Energiya president said there would be two professional cosmonauts aboard the Kliper, one of them responsible for the orbital phase and the other for landing in the atmosphere.
		Sevastyanov said that the technical specifications of the Kliper allow it to land at the cosmodromes at Baykonur and France's Kourou, and also at a large number of airfields in the event of an unplanned or emergency landing.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1465757/posts (391 words)

	Kliper
		The Kliper manned spacecraft replacement for Soyuz was first announced at a Moscow news conference on 17 February 2004.
		The Kliper lifting body was said to be capable of a cross-range of 1,000 km during which the forces on the crew would not exceed 2 G's and the maximum stagnation temperature would be 3000 deg K. Final landing was accomplished by a parasail system.
		The Kliper seemed to be derived from work done in Russia in the 1990's on a range of lifting-body manned recovery solutions.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/kliper.htm (1349 words)

	✓ Kliper - Weltraummedizin.de - Weltraummedizin
		Kliper besteht aus einem Lifting Body-RÃ¼ckkehrmodul, das mindestens 25mal wiederverwendbar sein soll und Platz fÃ¼r 6 Personen (davon 2 Piloten) und bis zu 700kg Fracht bietet.
		Die Hauptaufgabe von Kliper wÃ¤re der Transport von Kosmonauten und Weltraumtouristen in den LEO beziehungsweise zur ISS sowie die Bereitstellung eines Rettungsraumschiffs fÃ¼r diese.
		Andere Techniken wie Ionentriebwerke oder Sonnensegel sollen es der Menschheit ermÃ¶glichen, schnell den interplanetaren Raum zu erreichen und eines Tages vielleicht sogar in andere Sonnensysteme vorzustoÃen.
	weltraummedizin.de /index.php/Kliper (2295 words)

	Europe envisages cooperation on new Russian space plane \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		Full scale mockup of Kliper, with the old Buran Shuttle, in the RKK EuroNews 'Space' magazine today focuses on one of the most exciting projects, Russia's new generation manned spacecraft.
		"Kliper is a new generation spacecraft, incorporating brand new ideas in its design," explained Vladimir Daneev, engineer at the RKK Energuya company.
		The Kliper spacecraft would have a mass of some 13 tonnes at launch.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=17336 (976 words)

	IEEE Spectrum: Europe to Join Russia in Building Next Space Shuttle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		After the cautious optimism they expressed at the beginning of 2005, Russians are now confident that their European partners will be on board for the largest, boldest Russian endeavor in spaceflight in more than a decade.
		Kliper's principal mission will be to ensure that the ISS is effectively supplied and maintained, after the planned retirement of the U.S. Space Shuttle [see illustration, "Docking"].
		Today, RKK is seriously considering either launching Kliper on top of the existing Zenit rocket from a floating platform in the Pacific Ocean or on upgrading the Soyuz rocket, which could fly from the equatorial site in Kourou, French Guiana.
	spectrum.ieee.org /aug05/1694 (1099 words)

	Russia To Pursue New Space Shuttle
		Anatoly Perminov, head of the Russian space agency Roskosmos, was reported by the ITAR-TASS news agency as saying the Kliper spacecraft could replace the Russian Soyuz and U.S. shuttles.
		Kliper proposals have been submitted by the European Space Agency.
		Kliper, proposed in 2004 by the Russian Energia Corp., would carry up to six people.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/rocketscience-05u.html (260 words)

	The Fedora Chronicles - Bryan K. Scott "Spectators Get Glimpse Of New Russian Space Vehicle"
		The Kliper (pronounced "clipper") was designed to replace the veteran workhorse of the Russian space vehicles, the Soyuz space capsule.
		The Kliper was created by Energia Rocket and Space Corporation, the creators of all of Russia's space vehicles for approximately the last 50 years.
		The launch vehicle for the Kliper is the Omega rocket-a modified version of the Soyuz carrier rocket.
	space.thefedorachronicles.com /columns/Elistar/Elistar_2005_06_18.html (302 words)

	ipedia.com: Kliper Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Kliper is a spacecraft proposed in 2004 by Russian rocket and space company RKK Energia.
		Designed in the first place to replace the Soyuz, it is a reusable space plane without wings that glides into t...
		Designed in the first place to replace the Soyuz, it is a reusable space plane without wings that glides into the atmosphere at an angle that produces much less acceleration on the human occupants than the current Soyuz.
	www.ipedia.com /kliper.html (208 words)

	Russia shows off Kliper spacecraft - Space.com - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Russian space officials forecast that the Kliper can carry six people: two pilots with the other four seats for astronauts or space tourists.
		Novosti has also quoted Perminov as saying that the Kliper can be launched from European as well as Russian spaceports.
		Kliper’s launch vehicle would be a Russian Onega rocket — a modified version of the Soyuz carrier rocket.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/7279844/did/8235731 (454 words)

	Flight International : Europeans await ministers' Kliper December decision
		A year ago Russia's calls for international co-operation to develop its proposed Kliper spacecraft (see picture below) seemed fruitless and likely to end as another initiative from a space faring nation that would only ever appear as a graphic in a powerpoint presentation, but 2005 has seen the situation change dramatically.
		Those talks led to the FSA offer of co-operation on a Soyuz replacement being reported in May. However ESA's interest in Kliper became apparent when in March it was revealed that a Kliper-like design was included in studies for the European agency's AREV project.
		According to unsubstantiated internet figures the FSA is expecting 10 billion rubles in government funding, with 50 million ($1.7 million) in 2006; 150 million in 2007; 0.5 billion in 2008; 0.9 billion in 2009; doubling to 1.8 billion roubles in 2010 and from 2011 to 2015, 6.6 billion roubles.
	www.bizbuzzmedia.com /blogs/flight_international/comments/774.aspx (715 words)

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