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Topic: Klystron

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	The Reflex Klystron
		This type of klystron oscillator is called a reflex klystron because of the reflex action of the electron beam.
		Three power sources are required for reflex klystron operation: (1) filament power, (2) positive resonator voltage (often referred to as beam voltage) used to accelerate the electrons through the grid gap of the resonant cavity, and (3) negative repeller voltage used to turn the electron beam around.
		The reflex klystron will continue to oscillate if the electrons remain in the repeller field longer than 3/4 cycle (as long as the electrons return to the grid gap when the field is of the proper polarity to decelerate the electrons).
	www.tpub.com /neets/book11/45d.htm (1518 words)

	Waveguide series resonant cavity for enhancing efficiency and bandwidth in a klystron - Patent 6259207
		The RF current induces electromagnetic energy into the output section of the klystron as the bunched beam passes through the output cavity, and the electromagnetic energy is extracted from the klystron at the output section.
		In the case of a klystron, C is primarily the capacitance of the output gap.
		The degree to which the magnitude of the mismatch decreases as one moves toward the center of the passband is determined by the amount of inductive coupling to the output waveguide 30, i.e., by the size and shape of the coupling iris 22.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6259207.html (5094 words)

	Hansen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Russell Varian commented, in a paper later, that what was to turn into the klystron had its roots in Bill Hansen's and his early interest in X-rays, going back to their student days and to Bill's continuing involvement in efforts to generate super high voltage X-rays.
		The klystron, which is based on amplitude modulation of an electron beam, rather than on resonant circuits utilizing conventional coils and condensers, permitted the generation of powerful and stable high-frequency oscillations.
		Klystrons are used in ultra high-frequency circuits, where they can produce oscillations up to 400,000 megahertz (400,000 megacycles per second), in the short microwave range.
	www.geocities.com /neveyaakov/electro_science/hansen.html (1662 words)

	Klystron (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Klystrons are used as an oscillator or amplifier at microwave and radio frequencies to produce both low power reference signals for superheterodyne radar receivers and to produce high-power carrier waves for communications and the driving force for linear accelerator s.
		In the two-chamber klystron, an electron beam from the cathode of an electron gun is injected into a resonant cavity.
		Klystrons can be found at work in radar, satellite and wideband high power communication (very common in television broadcast and EHF satellite terminals), and high-power physics (particle accelerators and experimental reactors).
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Klystron.html (475 words)

	Stangenes Industries Inc : Pulse Transformers & Assemblies: Pulse Charging, High Power Klystron, Klystron/Gun, ...
		The overall size of the unit is minimized and the efficiency is improved by DC resetting of the core.
		In addition, the rise time of the gun voltage is decreased by the relatively lower impedance klystron, rather than by an energy-consuming dummy load across the gun.
		The tank has provisions for mounting of the klystron and the soleniod, and may be rotated and operated in any position.
	www.stangenes.com /pulse.shtml (527 words)

	Russell Varian (Site not responding. Last check: )
		From this came the idea for the klystron tube, a microwave tube that would ultimately be the basis for radar.
		For Stanford University, the klystron represents one of its best investments: $100 in seed money and use of a small laboratory room were turned into $2.56 million in licensing fees before the patents expired in the 1970s, three major campus buildings and hundreds of thousands of dollars in research funding.
		The klystron has played an important part in the development of the microwave industry, and is today used in many diverse applications, ranging from UHF-TV to the Free-Electron Laser.
	www.geocities.com /neveyaakov/electro_science/varian_russell.html (2903 words)

	FarShores.org AncientDimensions Mysteries: Acoustics In Temple Complexes on Malta's Islands by Pavel Smutný
		Functions and structures of temples in Mnajdra, in Xaghra and of the temple of Hagar Qim were analogue to microwave generator and amplifier (to The Drift Double Cavity Klystron).
		Klystrons commonly used in Television work today typically have 4 to 5 cavities.
		Klystrons can be either of the external cavity, or of the integral cavity type.
	farshores.org /atcmi.htm (1304 words)

	Klystron Theory - Lesson 3 - What Is A Klystron? And How Does It Work?
		Note to the left is a photograph of a klystron with 4 external cavities which is water cooled.
		In the output cavity, otherwise known as the ultimate cavity, the RF output signal is coupled to the transmission line and load.
		Below is a row of integral (internal) cavity klystrons (5 cavities) which are vapor (steam) cooled.
	www.electronicstheory.com /html/klytheo3.htm (635 words)

	Electron-beam technology for surface modification
		The klystrons at the ALS "broadcast" down special tubes and cables, called waveguides, that lead to the linac, booster synchrotron, and storage ring.
		The ALS has four klystrons, two to accelerate electrons in the linac, one to power the RF cavity of the booster synchrotron, and one to maintain the energy of electrons in the storage ring.
		Radio frequency cavities, or RF cavities, receive RF energy from a klystron and transfer it to electrons as they pass through the cavities on their way around the booster synchrotron and storage ring.
	surfacephysics.net /pulsebeamsources.html (955 words)

	Klystron Group at SLAC
		The SLAC Klystron Department is dedicated to the development and manufacturing of high power RF sources and microwave components for present and future HEP and BES programs.
		It maintains a facility equipped to produce and test pulsed multi-megawatt klystrons between 2 and 12 GHz, as well as CW megawatt-level UHF sources.
		Current Klystron R and D efforts are focused on the development of an L-band sheet beam klystron for ILC application.
	www-group.slac.stanford.edu /kly (245 words)

	Klystron pioneer and physicist Marvin Chodorow dead at 92
		He helped pioneer the development of the klystron tube, which generates and amplifies high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
		The first multi-megawatt klystrons, which he designed and tested, were used for a linear electron accelerator at Stanford from 1947 to 1951.
		The company—one of Silicon Valley's early success stories—specialized in the manufacture of high-powered klystrons that enabled the research and development of linear accelerators worldwide and treatment of cancer using radiation.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2005/october26/chodorow-102605.html (1111 words)

	DoD Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI)
		The Tank is approximately 6 feet long and 3 feet wide containing two compartments; one compartment for the klystron and one for a 15:1 step-up pulse transfomer.
		The SL3 klystron will be driven by a Varian, 1 KW X-band TWT amplifier, which will yield adequate power to drive the klystron.
		The PFN is designed to match the impedance of the klystron at the primary side of the step-up (1:15) pulse transformer, which is approximately 9 ohms.
	tempest.das.ucdavis.edu /muri/lisa/lisa.html (402 words)

	[No title]
		The word klystron is derived from a Greek word which means to wash or break over, such as waves on a beach.
		In a two-cavity klystron amplifier, the input signal is coupled into the input cavity and the rf voltage developed across the cavity gap velocity modulates the electron beam.
		Essentially the only difference between this and a two-cavity klystron amplifier is that the oscillator's cavities are constructed in such a way as to allow feedback from the output cavity to the input cavity.
	www.tubecollector.org /klystron.htm (282 words)

	microwave ovens klystron: Citadel Kitchen Appliances (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Klystron and Magnetron microwave tubes both rely on nonlinear effects of...
		Klystron - A device for amplifying or generating microwaves with greater...
		Klystron Klystrons are microwave tubes that use the same technology as...
	www.citadel.com.au /67/microwave-ovens-klystron.html (337 words)

	Klystron Lecture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Klystron was invented in 1938 by the Varian brothers in Palo Alto, California.
		The klystron is an RF amplifier that utilises velocity modulation of an electron beam, which travels in a vacuum.
		The theory of operation and the physics inside the klystron will be discussed, as will the characteristics and applications of the device.
	ewh.ieee.org /r7/toronto/events/klistron.htm (194 words)

	Television Transmission Technology
		The MDC klystron is the result of a multiyear cooperative development program by a group that included Lewis Research Center, the National Association of Broadcasters, the Public Broadcasting System, TV transmitter manufacturers, and Varian Associates, Inc., also of Palo Alto.
		The klystron is a vacuum tube used to generate and amplify ultrahigh frequencies.
		The concept behind the Lewis/Varian development was that the MDC could recover much of the wasted energy by recycling a large part of the electron beam energy, in effect doubling the amount of the beam energy being converted to radio frequency energy.
	www.sti.nasa.gov /tto/spinoff1996/46.html (437 words)

	Klystron Lecture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Klystron was invented in 1938 by the Varian brothers in Palo Alto, California.
		The klystron is an RF amplifier that utilises velocity modulation of an electron beam, which travels in a vacuum.
		The theory of operation and the physics inside the klystron will be discussed, as will the characteristics and applications of the device.
	www.ewh.ieee.org /r7/toronto/events/klistron.htm (194 words)

	PPM KLYSTRON (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Happily, the new klystron is also more efficient than its solenoid-focused predecessor, resulting in an additional savings of as much as $20 million per year in electron beam power.
		Permanent magnet focusing of accelerator klystrons is not new to SLAC.
		Though the near-perfect beam focusing required by a 50-MW X-band klystron had never before been achieved with PPM focusing, we believed it could be done if we used the shortest possible lens spacing.
	www.slac.stanford.edu /grp/kly/ppm_klystron/ppm_kly.html (386 words)

	What is a Klystron Tube?
		A klystron tube is a special type of vacuum tube invented in 1937 by the Varian brothers.
		The klystron tube was used for radar systems during the Second World War and is still in use for radar systems today.
		When the electrons in the klystron tube vibrate, the klystron tube emits high frequency microwave energy that can be detected by a radar receiver.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-klystron-tube.htm (362 words)

	Accelerator : Klystron is a Microwave Generator (SLAC VVC)
		Compare SLAC's large, high-power microwave generator (klystron - below) with this much smaller one (magnetron - right) from a typical microwave oven.
		A klystron looks and works something like an organ pipe.
		Read more about the invention of the klystron.
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /vvc/accelerators/klystron.html (130 words)

	The Home of the Klystron Project
		I am sorry to announce that, due to real-life problems, time constraints, lack of funds, and a complete lack of support amongst our closest friends, we have decided to kill the project.
		All images and files on this site were created by members of The Klystron Project, and may be used only with permission directly from the creator of the item in question.
		Copyright "The Klystron Project" 2005, and "AL-X5: SPADE II" 2005, all rights reserved.
	www.planetdeusex.com /klystron (530 words)

	Klystron "efficiency loop" for the ALS storage ring RF system
		A simple proportional-integrator (PI) analog loop, which controls the klystron collector beam current, as a function of the output RF power, has been designed and installed.
		They were to also avoid the klystron cathode power supply filter's resonance in the loop's dynamics, and prevent a conflict with the existing Cavity RF Amplitude Loop dynamics.
		Slawomir Kwiatkowski, Jim Julian, and Kenneth Baptiste, "Klystron "efficiency loop" for the ALS storage ring RF system" (May 20, 2002).
	repositories.cdlib.org /lbnl/LBNL-50405 (219 words)

	Varian Medical Systems: Cancer Patients: Radiation Oncology Treatment, Klystron
		However, after World War II, either the klystron or the magnetron, another invention of the time, was used to propel charged particles through a vacuum tunnel, resulting in a device called a linear accelerator or linac.
		Kaplan proposed that a linac be specifically designed to generate high energy X rays for the treatment of cancer.
		The idea was that klystrons would accelerate electrons to near the speed of light.
	www.varian.com /pinf/rdt056.html (547 words)

	Omega-News: THE KLYSTRON: MICROWAVE TRAP FOR IMPORTING VOICE MESSAGES INTO HEADS
		The klystrons "broadcast" down special tubes and cables, called waveguides, that lead to the linac, booster synchrotron, and storage ring.
		The rectangular structure in the following photograph is the waveguide connected from the Klystron to the linac.
		The microwaves in the cavity are synchronized to crest just as each bunch of electrons enters the cavity so that the bunch is accelerated by a wave that is approaching peak amplitude.
	omega.twoday.net /stories/928939 (872 words)

	70617S02
		However, the baseline klystron design requires pulsing at 500 kV, which leads to significant losses in the pulsed power supplies, losses that would represent $10 million or more in annual electricity costs during the NLC life.
		A gridded sheetbeam klystron alternative to the baseline klystron, which eliminates the 500 kV pulsing and associated power losses, is now under development.
		To implement this sheet beam klystron design, a complex klystron power system will be needed, capable of providing 500 kV cathode power and very fast, highly accurate grid pulses over a long, specialized cable.
	www.er.doe.gov /sbir/awards_abstracts/sbirsttr/cycle20/phase1/119.htm (297 words)

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