
	Where results make sense

Topic: Klystron tube

Related Topics

Magnetron

Microwave

Power (physics)

Electronics

Radar

LIDAR

Sonar

List of technologies

Burton Richter

Technology

Avro Jetliner

Software

Software engineering

Physics

George Mallory

In the News (Fri 4 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Klystron tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Klystrons are used as an oscillator or amplifier at microwave and radio frequencies to produce both low power reference signals for superheterodyne radar receivers and to produce high-power carrier waves for communications and the driving force for linear accelerators.
		Many klystrons have a waveguide for coupling microwave energy into and out of the device, although it is also quite common for lower power and lower frequency klystrons to use coaxial couplings instead.
		Klystrons can be found at work in radar, satellite and wideband high-power communication (very common in television broadcasting and EHF satellite terminals), and high-energy physics (particle accelerators and experimental reactors).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Klystron_tube (1297 words)

	Russell Varian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		From this came the idea for the klystron tube, a microwave tube that would ultimately be the basis for radar.
		At the place in the drift tube where the bunching was most pronounced, the electrons entered a second cavity, where the stronger microwaves were excited and amplified in the process.
		For Stanford University, the klystron represents one of its best investments: $100 in seed money and use of a small laboratory room were turned into $2.56 million in licensing fees before the patents expired in the 1970s, three major campus buildings and hundreds of thousands of dollars in research funding.
	www.geocities.com /neveyaakov/electro_science/varian_russell.html (2903 words)

	Modulator
		The frequency is determined by the internal dimensions of the accelerator cavities, klystron and the waveguide components.
		The klystron requires RF drive power of 120 to 400 watts depending on the type of tube used and operating conditions.
		The tube is normally operated with the anode at ground potential and the cathode assembly immersed in a tank of oil for insulation and cooling purposes.
	www.nsls.bnl.gov /organization/OpsEng/ElectricalSys/PowerSys/modulator.htm (1518 words)

	Hansen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The klystron, which is based on amplitude modulation of an electron beam, rather than on resonant circuits utilizing conventional coils and condensers, permitted the generation of powerful and stable high-frequency oscillations.
		William Hansen and brothers Russell and Sigurd Varian invented the klystron tube, a high-frequency amplifier for generating microwaves.
		Klystrons are used in ultra high-frequency circuits, where they can produce oscillations up to 400,000 megahertz (400,000 megacycles per second), in the short microwave range.
	www.geocities.com /neveyaakov/electro_science/hansen.html (1662 words)

	Klystron Tube Tests
		You can detect gas in a klystron tube by setting the applied reflector voltage to zero and slowly increasing the beam voltage while observing a meter that indicates the beam current - excessive beam current for a specific value of voltage indicates that the tube is gassy.
		As klystrons age they normally draw less beam current; when this current decreases to a minimum value for a specific beam voltage, the tube must be replaced.
		In the case of a tube used as a receiving amplifier, an increase of noise with a normal or reduced output can indicate that the tube is failing but is still usable.
	www.tpub.com /neets/book21/87a.htm (1777 words)

	Lessons In Electric Circuits -- Volume III (Semiconductors) - Chapter 13
		The semiconductor counterpart to the tube, of course, is the transistor.
		Transistors perform much the same function as tubes: controlling the flow of electrons in a circuit by means of another flow of electrons in the case of the bipolar transistor, and controlling the flow of electrons by means of a voltage in the case of the field-effect transistor.
		Tubes, being less complex in their manufacture than semiconductor components, are potentially cheaper to produce as well, although the huge volume of semiconductor device production in the world greatly offsets this theoretical advantage.
	www.ibiblio.org /obp/electricCircuits/Semi/SEMI_13.html (7356 words)

	Microwave tubes - Chapter 13: ELECTRON TUBES - Volume III - Semiconductors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The oscillating electric and magnetic fields associated with the beam "echoed" inside the cavity, in a manner similar to the sounds of traveling automobiles echoing in a roadside canyon, allowing radio-frequency energy to be transferred from the beam to a waveguide or coaxial cable connected to the resonator with a coupling loop.
		In this tube, electrons emitted from the heated cathode travel through the cavity grids toward the repeller plate, then are repelled and returned back the way they came (hence the name reflex) through the cavity grids.
		Reflex klystrons have since been superseded by semiconductor devices in the application of local oscillators, but amplification klystrons continue to find use in high-power, high-frequency radio transmitters and in scientific research applications.
	www.allaboutcircuits.com /vol_3/chpt_13/11.html (721 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A typical TWT or Klystron tube is an evacuated tube that includes at one end of the tube an electron beam source, such as an anode structure to which a high voltage is applied at an elevated temperature.
		In many applications in which TWT and Klystron type tubes are deployed, such as satellite communications applications, it is often important to minimize the weight and size of transmitter hardware for a number of reasons.
		By employing a common collector for each RF tube section, the weight and size of the RF transmitter is advantageously reduced relative to conventional RF transmitters having a plurality of tube sections with separate collectors for separately amplifying the different RF signals.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/33599.010510&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3220 words)

	Project 1
		The output of the controller is a single digital output that controls the Klystron tube.
		The microwave generating unit is a Klystron tube.
		It is not possible to vary the power of this tube in a linear manner.
	www.ent.ohiou.edu /~webcad/ee490/Lab5_99/project3.html (512 words)

	Cavity resonator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some common examples of cavity resonators include the klystron tube.
		In a microwave oven (see also magnetron), the tube of a flute, and the body of a violin (this latter also being an example of a Helmholtz resonator).
		Other examples of cavity resonators include the klystron tube Waveguide as in a particle accelerator that work in conjunction with a specifically tuned cavity by the configuration of the structures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cavity_resonator (508 words)

	RF System
		About 1 kW of pulsed RF power at 2.856 GHz is fed into the klystron tube from the kilowatt amp; at the same time, a high-current, high-voltage pulse is received at a transformer and used to create and accelerate a spiraling electron beam in the base of the klystron.
		The input power must be supplied to the bottom end of the tube; thus the kilowatt-amp signal travels on a high-power coax cable which reaches the klystron and then runs down inside the magnet housing.
		There is a window on top of the klystron tube separating it from the rest of the RF system, and a dedicated ion pump on the klystron tube itself, which maintains a vacuum of roughly 10
	pbpl.physics.ucla.edu /Research/Facilities/Neptune/Neptune_Documentation/RFSystem.html (2437 words)

	In a glass by himself - February 27, 2005
		The Tube Collectors Association is dedicated to the non-commercial collection of electron tubes and the preservation of electron tube history.
		The tubes are one of those collections that may have little value for one person and great value for the next, he said.
		Tubes are still used, however, in the transmitters of radio stations, many guitar amplifiers, some audiophile equipment and other electronics.
	www.mailtribune.com /archive/2005/0227/life/stories/01life.htm (968 words)

	FarShores.org AncientDimensions Mysteries: Acoustics In Temple Complexes on Malta's Islands by Pavel Smutný
		Functions and structures of temples in Mnajdra, in Xaghra and of the temple of Hagar Qim were analogue to microwave generator and amplifier (to The Drift Double Cavity Klystron).
		The purpose of these is to "feel" the now pulsing beam of electrons as it passes by them on their way to the anode.
		Klystrons can be either of the external cavity, or of the integral cavity type.
	farshores.org /atcmi.htm (1304 words)

	M. Chodorow, helped develop the klystron tube; at 92 - The Boston Globe
		''Marvin was the leading figure in transmitting the lore of klystrons from industry to the Stanford community," Wolfgang K. ''Pief" Panofsky, director emeritus of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, said in a statement.
		He ''deserves most of the credit for the spectacular increase in klystron tube power, which was achieved during the 1940s from watts to megawatts."
		Working with Edward Ginzton, he designed and tested the first multimegawatt klystrons for a linear electron accelerator at Stanford between 1947 and 1951.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/obituaries/articles/2005/10/28/m_chodorow_helped_develop_the_klystron_tube_at_92 (333 words)

	X rays from high-voltage tubes
		In the case of a high-voltage switching tube, such as the thyratron that you mention, the voltage is usually cited as the anode voltage, while for a microwave-generating device such as the klystron tube, the voltage may be referred to as the beam voltage.
		Because of the shielding effect of the tube envelope and other structures around the tube the total virgin energy distribution of bremsstrahlung radiation is not observed outside the tube.
		Lower-energy photons are attenuated and the higher-energy photons penetrate the tube housing more readily; this filtering effect (this is likely the process you refer to in your question) can sometimes result in radiation dose rates outside the tube that show a voltage dependence even greater than the theoretical voltage squared effect.
	www.hps.org /publicinformation/ate/q4037.html (756 words)

	Pittcon Hall of Fame
		Varian’s idea was to develop an electron tube” capable of directing a beam of electrons, which could be used in a number of different applications.
		By the summer of 1937 the first klystron tube, as it was called, had been constructed, and it was formally introduced in the Journal of Physics in 1939.
		Further research work on the klystron tube was subsequently underwritten by Sperry Gyroscope Company, and the Varian brothers, along with Stanford graduate student Edward Ginzton, moved to Sperry’s laboratories in Long Island, New York.
	www.chemheritage.org /exhibits/pittcon/varian.html (415 words)

	Electronics
		The reflex klystron was often referred to as the Sutton Tube.
		Klystrons are high-vacuum devices based on the interaction of well-focussed pencil electron beam with a number of microwave cavities that it traverses (resonators), which are tuned at or near the operating frequency of the tube.
		Developed extensively in the 1930's, electron valves (commonly referred to as electron tubes) were used in a wide range of applications including the circuitry of radios, transmitter/receivers, televisions and the first computers, before the advent of transistor technology.
	www.physics.uq.edu.au /physics_museum/tour/electronics.html (2409 words)

	ZAHL Tube
		The powerful high-frequency Zahl tube was used in critical radar applications-to detect low-flying aircraft, and to trace the sources of deadly mortar barrages.
		The Zahl tube and its inventor, Dr. Harold A. Zahl, now director of the Army's Research and Development Laboratories, Ft. Monmouth, N.J. The radically new tube-four triodes in parallel with tuned plate and grid lines to make it an oscillatormarked a point of departure for modern tube designs containing resonant circuitry within the tube.
		One, the new X-841D giant klystron tube, designed for multi-megawatt, frequency-agile radar, is a modern descendant of the secret Zahl tube.
	www.smecc.org /zahl_tube.htm (1563 words)

	History of Television (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		His conception of the first practical TV camera tube, the Iconoscope (1923), and his development of the kinescope picture tube formed the basis for subsequent advances in the field.
		Because a cathode-ray picture-display tube (necessary to supplant the slowly-reacting modulated light source and cumbersome rotating disc of the Nipkow display system) had been demonstrated as early as 1905, a television system composed entirely of electronic components was then feasible.
		The first successful tube used a triad assembly of electron guns to produce three beams that scanned a screen composed of groups of red, green and blue phosphor dots.
	www.tvhandbook.com /History/History_TV.htm (7276 words)

	Klystron pioneer and physicist Marvin Chodorow dead at 92
		He helped pioneer the development of the klystron tube, which generates and amplifies high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
		The first multi-megawatt klystrons, which he designed and tested, were used for a linear electron accelerator at Stanford from 1947 to 1951.
		The company—one of Silicon Valley's early success stories—specialized in the manufacture of high-powered klystrons that enabled the research and development of linear accelerators worldwide and treatment of cancer using radiation.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2005/october26/chodorow-102605.html (1111 words)

	With nearly 400 participants from XX countries, who observed some 170 oral presentations and posters, the first ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The five presentations of session 4 were focused on Klystrons, Inductive output tubes (IOTs) and related devices.
		The cathode is successfully being used in an X-ray tube where it shows advantages in terms of savings in cost associated with the filament supply of a conventional thermionic cathode device.
		Lastly, the effects of machining and cleaning on the initiation of DC breakdown for electrodes built of different grades of stainless steel were discussed by Dolak from CPI, Palo Alto.
	www.ewh.ieee.org /soc/eds/ivec/article3.htm (6212 words)

	IOT: An Old Dream Come True
		The Inductive Output Tube (IOT) is a hybrid device combining some aspects of the design and operation of both gridded and beam tubes (Klystrons).
		The improvement in performance of the present IOT tubes over the original Haeff tube, about 1000 times in power output, is due to the microwave beam tube technology as well as certain proprietary improvements in design.
		UHF TV Klystron efficiency was improved by 50% often at the expense of gain, over early tubes by the revision of RF body design using newlyavailable computer based, design techniques.
	www.bext.com /iot.htm (2767 words)

	[3.0] Microwave Radar & The MIT Rad Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		They fitted a klystron tube as a preamplifier to the receiver crystal detectors, and the klystron's output saturated when the transmit pulse was sent out.
		The tube was in a circuit that turned off the receiver input when the conductivity of the tube dropped.
		To ensure that the tube switched on quickly enough to protect the receiver, an electric filament was inserted to maintain a low state of ionization at all times, which encouraged a rapid "cascade" to full ionization when the transmit pulse arrived.
	www.vectorsite.net /ttwiz3.html (6628 words)

	Stangenes Industries Inc : Pulse Transformers & Assemblies: Pulse Charging, High Power Klystron, Klystron/Gun, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The overall size of the unit is minimized and the efficiency is improved by DC resetting of the core.
		This unit supplies beam power to a klystron tube and pulse voltage to an electron gun.
		The tank has provisions for mounting of the klystron and the soleniod, and may be rotated and operated in any position.
	www.stangenes.com /pulse.html (527 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)