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Topic: Knapsack

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	Knapsack problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The knapsack problem is often solved using dynamic programming, though no polynomial-time algorithm is known for the general problem.
		Both the general knapsack problem and the subset sum problem are NP-hard, and this has led to attempts to use subset sum as the basis for public key cryptography systems, such as Merkle-Hellman.
		This does not contradict the fact that the knapsack problem is NP-complete, since C, unlike n, is not polynomial in the length of the input to the problem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Knapsack_problem (916 words)

	Knapsack Cryptosystems: The Past and the Future
		Knapsack cryptosystems, as a group, are one of a few major categories of public key cryptosystems.
		Knapsack problem is the namesake of the type of cryptosystems of which Merkle-Hellman scheme is the progenitor.
		Some modified the knapsack problem so that the cargo vector is an n´m matrix of integers modulo a prime number, the message vector is an m-element binary vector, so the subset sum is an n-element vector of integers mod a prime number.
	www.ics.uci.edu /~mingl/knapsack.html (8138 words)

	33rd Foot Knapsack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is made to the dimensions of the Scarsdale Derby Local Militia knapsack (as measured and drawn by Henry Cooke) with the shoulder and blanket tie strap arrangement of the 10th Regiment N. Militia knapsack.
		The shoulder strap is sewn to the knapsack near the middle of the knapsack body at the places shown on the pattern.
		The knapsack closing straps are sewn to the bottom of the knapsack at the points shown on the pattern.
	home.earthlink.net /~colscoy/knapsacks.html (2343 words)

	Knapsack
		The interior of the knapsack was formed by two bags approximately twelve inches square.
		On top of the knapsack, the greatcoat, or blanket was carried, often rolled inside the soldier's poncho.
		Each soldier carried half of a tent; the tent pole was in two sections, and it was often strapped in with the greatcoat on the outside of the knapsack.
	www.nps.gov /fols/Soldier_Equipment/Knapsack/body_knapsack.html (190 words)

	knapsack \| alias records \|
		Since knapsack's inception in 1994 they have worked hard to solidify their place in the music scene.
		With the release of their third album "This conversation is ending starting right now", knapsack have matured as a band and broadened the sound of the genre they helped to develop.
		lida husik - paul k - matt keating - knapsack - loud family - the scourge of the sea - throneberry - trunk federation - yo la tengo
	www.aliasrecords.com /knapsack.htm (323 words)

	Hexapedia - Knapsack problem (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The knapsack problem is a problem in combinatorics, complexity theory, cryptography, and applied mathematics.
		Given a set of items, each with a cost and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total cost is less than some given cost and the total value is as large as possible.
		The name derives from the scenario of choosing treasures to fit inside a knapsack when you can only carry so much weight.
	www.hexafind.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Knapsack_problem (341 words)

	Hürth-Knapsack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Knapsack ist ein Stadtteil von Hürth und ein stark in Anspruch genommenes Industriegebiet.
		Knapsack ist Sitz der Rhein-Erft Akademie, dem Aus- und Weiterbildungszentrum der Infraserv, das von vielen anderen Betrieben der Region und auch der Stadt Hürth genutzt wird.
		Wahrzeichen von Knapsack und der ganzen Gemeinde Hürth waren viele Jahre lang die 80 Meter hohen Schornsteine des Braunkohle-Kraftwerks, die "12 Apostel".
	www.jenskleemann.de /wissen/bildung/wikipedia/h/ha/ha_rth_knapsack.html (482 words)

	Kryptographie FAQ: Frage 32: What are Knapsack Cryptosystems? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Merkle-Hellman knapsack cryptosystem [MH78] is a public-key cryptosystem that was first published in 1978.
		The-single iteration knapsack cryptosystem introduced in 1978 was broken by Shamir [Sha84].
		The Chor-Rivest knapsack cryptosystem was first published in 1984, followed by a revised version in 1988 [CR88].
	www.iks-jena.de /mitarb/lutz/security/cryptfaq/q32.html (269 words)

	KNAPSACK Project - Louisiana's Healthy Marriages Initiative
		Similar to a parenting education curriculum, Knapsack is a curriculum-based educational service that is either delivered in group or in-home settings, depending on how the respective resource center already structures service delivery and on client needs.
		The Knapsack Committee recommends materials for the Knapsacks that are appropriate to the client population in their respective service areas.
		The Knapsack consists of three components; each component is implemented each of the three years of the Knapsack Project.
	www.selu.edu /orgs/frp/knapsack (575 words)

	Knapsack Problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The typical formulation in practice is the 0/1 knapsack problem, where each item must be put entirely in the knapsack or not included at all.
		The constant `price-per-pound' knapsack problem is often called the subset sum problem, because given a set of numbers, we seek a subset that adds up to a specific target number, i.e.
		Algorithm 632 [MT85] of the Collected Algorithms of the ACM is a Fortran code for the 0/1 knapsack problem, with the twist that it supports multiple knapsacks.
	www2.toki.or.id /book/AlgDesignManual/BOOK/BOOK4/NODE145.HTM (1194 words)

	Amazon.com: Silver Sweepstakes: Music: Knapsack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Knapsack is an awesome emo band but it is too bad they broke up.
		If you like Knapsack get this cd......i'm getting their other cd, "day 3 of my new life" when i can find it at any CD store...
		Knapsack has kept their semi-melodic emo-punk sound intact, but to be honest Blair's voice grates on me this time around.
	www.amazon.com /Silver-Sweepstakes-Knapsack/dp/B000001HVW (933 words)

	Knapsack
		I have in my knapsack a woolen blanket, a India rubber blanket, half of a tent, one shirt and one pair of socks.
		Then I have a haversack with two or three days rations of meat and crackers, then the cartridge box with 40 rounds of cartridges and a canteen full of water, that is load enough for any man to carry.
		The shrinkage of the knapsack was the first symptom of the transfomation that changed the raw recruit into an effectve solier, ready at any moment for a fight or footrace."
	www.secondwi.com /schoolofthesolder/knapsack.htm (2422 words)

	Disclaimer, InfraServ Knapsack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		InfraServ GmbH & Co. Knapsack KG shall only be liable according to the legal provisions for damages caused in the case of wilfulness and gross negligence.
		Further, InfraServ GmbH & Co. Knapsack KG shall not be responsible or liable, in any way whatsoever, for the accessibility and contents of such websites or the consequences of your use thereof.
		Should any clause of this agreement be or become invalid in whole or in part, this shall not affect the validity of the remaining clauses or of the remaining part of the clause concerned.
	www.infraserv-knapsack.de /content/4_disclaimer_e.php (707 words)

	NP-Completeness, Cryptology, and Knapsacks
		His knapsack is very flexible, so he doesn't have to worry about the shapes of the toys, only the sizes.
		If we solve this Knapsack instance the solution to the corresponding EC3S problem is obvious -- there will be an exact cover if and only if there is a set which fills the knapsack.
		Attacks have been developed for more general knapsack systems, and now any system which uses modular multiplication to disguise an easy-to-solve knapsack can be broken efficiently.
	www.derf.net /knapsack (3647 words)

	British Army Painted Knapsack - American Revolution and Napoleonic Wars
		One delightful element about the original knapsack was the presence of the marker's stamp for the famous firm Trotters of London.
		The 1806 knapsack is probably one of the most mis-interpreted items of equipment and commonly believed to have boards in it which it did not.
		The practice of placing of boards in the knapsack started in 1815 in some regiments and was not at all a universally-adopted alteration.
	www.militaryheritage.com /knapsack.htm (376 words)

	The Spade of the Golem\" m_Description=\"The Knapsack Problem: an Inform game by Leonard Richardson. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Knapsack Problem is the simplest of a series of games I plan to write, all involving, well, the knapsack problem.
		I think that there is a wealth of fun to be had with the knapsack problem, and that it's just a matter of finding the right game framework for it (much as Tetris provides a fun framework for the bin packing problem).
		The Knapsack Problem is nowhere close to being a Choose Your Own Adventure-type game, but it follows all the rules, so they had to accept it.
	www.crummy.com /software/if/knapsack (286 words)

	1.2.10 Knapsack Problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Excerpt from The Algorithm Design Manual: The knapsack problem arises whenever there is resource allocation with financial constraints.
		The term knapsack problem invokes the image of the backbacker who is constrained by a fixed-size knapsack and so must fill it only with the most useful items.
		The typical formulation in practice is the 0/1 knapsack problem, where each item must be put entirely in the knapsack or not included at all.
	www.cs.sunysb.edu /~algorith/files/knapsack.shtml (299 words)

	Leather Knapsack Canada \| Rowland Leather
		Rowland’s leather knapsack Canada favor(s) the same classic lines and lush leather as the best bags in the industry.
		The award-winning designs of leather knapsack Canada, leather backpack Canada, and Canadian made leather knapsacks attest to Rowland Leather’s passion for excellence in leather goods.
		Every item of Rowland’s leather knapsack Canada is characterized with the right balance between function and flair.
	www.rowlandleather.com /leather-knapsack-Canada/index.html (449 words)

	Authentic Campaigner Website & Forums, v 3.0.3 - Kibler knapsack
		There are a number of surviving CS knapsacks of this pattern (the Kibler being one of them), so the CS maufacturing facilities obviously made these in somewhat plentiful numbers, although with varying details.
		The Kibler knapsack differes somewhat from the Johnston knapsack (this one is also in the MOC collection), but they are both the same basic pattern.
		You might want to go with a CS copy of the Mex War pattern knapsack with a flened leather harness (unlike the Kibler which has undyed straps) as there are a number of this type documented to most theatres of the War and would allow versatility.
	www.authentic-campaigner.com /forum/archive/index.php/t-400.html (588 words)

	The knapsack problem
		Each article has a certain utility for him (e.g., a value measurable in €), as well as a certain weight and a given volume.
		Unfortunately, the knapsack has a limited capacity with respect to weight and volume.
		Please press the start button to let solve an arbitrary knapsack problem (You can determine the number of articles, but at present the number of columns cannot be changed):
	www.math-it.org /Mathematik/OR/Rucksack.html (235 words)

	Knapsack: Reviews, Discography, Audio Clips, and more \|\|\| Music.com
		Boasting a slightly sharper production (courtesy once again of Drive Like Jehu drummer Mark Trombino) and more desperate sound than its predecessor, Knapsack's third album sounds like what it was -- a great band making their somewhat angry final record.
		Criticized for sameness in the past, Knapsack attempts to stretch out a bit more on This Conversation, with some degree of success.
		Sure, this kind of earnest, emotional rock had been done a million times -- particularly by Samiam, whose Sergie Loobkoff would actually join Knapsack before their next record -- but the songs and style of Day Three are ultimately quite timeless.
	www.music.com /group/knapsack/1 (519 words)

	tutORial: Knapsack Problem
		The objective of this discussion is to briefly discuss the versions of the problems we shall consider in our Knapsack Module and the two solution methods we shall use.
		The point is, however, that the Knapsack Problem represents many real-life problems that are not at all "Knapsack Problems" as such.
		Roughly speaking, the branch and bound method conducts an implicit enumeration of all the feasible solution to the knapsack problem except that it discards partial solutions as soon as it can be established that they cannot lead to a complete solution that is optimal with respect to the original (unrelaxed) problem.
	www.ifors.ms.unimelb.edu.au /tutorial/knapsack/introduction.html (1025 words)

	Knapsack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Knapsacks were initially issued to all infantrymen and other soldiers who habitually served on foot.
		The majority of knapsacks were made of cotton cloth painted fl or coated with some preparation of this color which rendered them waterproof.
		The longer a soldier served, the less he learned that he needed to keep in his knapsack.
	www.nps.gov /pete/mahan/knapsack.html (92 words)

	Knapsack Documents
		In the matter of knapsacks, specifically the variety called the “doublebag” this is a question of tremendous concern among participants in historic re-enactments of the American Civil War.
		While the individual states and local entities were furnishing their newly raised units with these variegated pieces of equipment it is apparent that the federal government quartermasters were approaching the knapsack supply problem with an agenda of their own.
		Second the evidence unequivocally points to the adoption of a standardized pattern of knapsack in 1862, made of linen canvas with flat-felled seams, painted after construction, and with scalloped end shoulder straps with covered studs.
	missouribootandshoe.tripod.com /id26.htm (1365 words)

	Designers & Labels armani nylon knapsack
		Sometimes when you're searching for websites on armani nylon knapsack it's quite difficult to sort the good recommendations from the bad advice.
		Pulling up quality armani nylon knapsack information from millions of websites can be a major task.
		The ever developing web means armani nylon knapsack traders gain more experience in offering goods and services for sale The biggest benefit that the web armani nylon knapsack retailers have over traditional armani nylon knapsack organizations is that they can make changes when changes are demanded.
	www.designers-and-labels.com /giorgio_armani/armani-nylon-knapsack.htm (233 words)

	Knapsack Institute @ UCCS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In this Institute we will discuss the concept of unpacking our "invisible weightless knapsacks" of privilege, and in so doing, we hope to provide you with a knapsack full of useful tools to use as you begin (or continue) to teach the concepts of privilege and oppression in your classrooms.
		Beginning in 2007, The Knapsack Institute is entering into a partnership with the White Privilege Conference, with the first combined conference tentatively planned for April, 2007 in Colorado Springs.
		Every other year (2007, 2009, etc) the two events will be held simultaneously; on the off years (2008, 2010, etc), The Knapsack Institute will run on its own.
	www.uccs.edu /%7Elases/knapsack.htm (208 words)

	Knapsack Model
		This case occurs for example when very small functions are written inline, since the number of instructions required for function linkage is higher than the number of instructions in the function body.The author of a stub compiler should avoid this by using macros definitions rather than function definitions.
		Moreover, investing much effort into making the Knapsack solution found by the algorithm accurate seems inappropriate, given that the values for weights and profits are also only approximations (see below).
		Then, items are consecutively inserted into the Knapsack in the order of this list, until the first item s is encountered that does not fit.
	www.hoschka.com /lastpaper/node5.html (813 words)

	knapsack problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		See also fractional knapsack problem, unbounded knapsack problem, bin packing problem, cutting stock problem.
		Note: Also called 0-1 or binary knapsack (each item may be taken (1) or not (0)), in contrast to the fractional knapsack problem.
		Also called bounded knapsack (BKP) because there are a limited number of items, in contrast to the unbounded knapsack problem.
	www.nist.gov /dads/HTML/knapsackProblem.html (207 words)

	Knapsack
		My naive DP solution currently requires too much memory to do any problem larger than 100, but this is because I'm storing the entire table in a naive way.
		We will be discussing techniques for addressing this (and other) problems on the knapsack discussion board.
		Here are four knapsack problems: k50, k100, k200, k500.
	www.cs.colostate.edu /~cs575dl/assignments/assignment5.html (548 words)

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