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Topic: Knights of the White Camellia

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	The History of Jim Crow
		Whites openly resorted to violence and fraud to control the fl vote, shooting down fl voters "just like birds." This ruthless and bloody revolution devastated the fl vote in Mississippi, and fully 66 percent of the fls registered to vote in the state failed to cast ballots in the presidential election of 1880.
		The white vigilantes made no attempt to disguise themselves as in the days of the Ku Klux Klan, and so complete was their victory that the Republican governor fled the state rather than face impeachment charges by the newly elected legislature.
		Other scholars contend that the driving force behind legal segregation and disfranchisement were upper-class whites in the "fl belt" areas who wanted to weaken or prevent through disfranchisement the hold of lower-classes whites on the Democratic Party or their allegiance to newer political power bases, such as the Farmers' Alliance or the Populist Party.
	www.jimcrowhistory.org /history/creating2.htm (4463 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Camellia
		camellia CAMELLIA [camellia] [for G. Kamel, a Moravian Jesuit missionary], any plant of the genus Camellia in the tea family, evergreen shrubs or small trees native to Asia but now cultivated extensively in warm climates and in greenhouses for their showy white, red, or variegated blossoms and glossy,
		Knights of the White Camellia KNIGHTS OF THE WHITE CAMELLIA [Knights of the White Camellia] see Ku Klux Klan.
		The plant (Camellia sinensis, Thea sinensis, or C. thea) is an evergreen related to the camellia and indigenous to Assam (India) and probably to parts of China and Japan.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Camellia (638 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		The Knights of the White Camellia was a secret organization of white men formed in the lower Southern states in the Reconstruction
		Its members were pledged to support the supremacy of the white race, to oppose the amalgamation of the races, to resist the social and political encroachment of the so-called carpetbaggers,
		By 1869 the Knights of the White Camellia were on the decline.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/KK/vek1.html (668 words)

	Camellia: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Camellias are classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Theales, family Theaceae.
		Her participation on the committees and as division chair and general chairman of both the Camellia and North American Exhibitions for many years was an asset when she served as a section chair for the PSA International Exhibition...
		CAMELLIA k mel y for G. Kamel, any plant of the genus Camellia in the tea family, evergreen shrubs or small trees...blossoms and glossy, dark-green foliage.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/camellia.jsp (1464 words)

	Segregation in the United States - MSN Encarta
		A 1914 Louisiana statute required separate entrances at circuses for fls and whites; a 1915 Oklahoma law segregated telephone booths; a 1920 Mississippi law made it a crime to advocate or publish “arguments or suggestions in favor of social equality or of intermarriage between whites and Negroes.” Arkansas provided for segregation at race tracks.
		During Reconstruction, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the Knights of the White Camellia, and other terrorist organizations murdered thousands of fls and some whites in order to prevent them from voting and participating in public life.
		The KKK was founded in the winter of 1865 to 1866 by a former Confederate general to stop both fls and Northerners from carrying out their government and social reforms.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580651/Segregation_in_the_United_States.html (2434 words)

	Kkk in texas - Texas Evolution Debate Forum - A Bravenet.com Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Among the largest groups still active in Texas are the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and the White Camellia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan.
		Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Harrison, Arkansas.
		Knights of the White Camellia Ku Klux Klan: The Knights of the White Camellia, a Texas Klan group led by Charles Lee, along with the Texas chapter of Thom
	newinfoindex.com /?q=kkk-in-texas (899 words)

	Ku Klux Klan
		The Keystone Knights of the Ku Klux Klan: A breakaway faction from the now-defunct Invisible Empire Knights of the KKK, the Keystone Knights was founded by Barry Black in 1992 and is based in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
		The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (Arkansas Faction): The Harrison, Arkansas-based Knights of the KKK, led by Thom Robb, is the largest and most active Klan faction operating in the nation today.
		Knights of the White Camellia Ku Klux Klan: The Knights of the White Camellia, a Texas Klan group led by Charles Lee, along with the Texas chapter of Thom Robb's Knights of the KKK, has been linked to a number of incidents of racial intimidation and harassment in Vidor, Texas.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/anti-semitism/KKK.html (457 words)

	African American Lives . Profiles . Bishop T.D. Jakes \| PBS
		Meanwhile, other white Americans targeted African Americans independently and informally, using violence to disrupt African American political activity and to punish fl entrepreneurs -- to thwart the emergence of African Americans as political, social, and economic equals.
		For white American racists, the torture, shooting and hanging of victims served as a communal event that was celebrated with the circulation of photographs and souvenirs.
		While the members of the mob may have proffered a range of excuses to justify their actions, the practice of lynching operated -- officially -- outside the purview of the law.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/aalives/profile_jakes2.html (511 words)

	Lessons for Iraq From Gettysburg
		Along with the Ku Klux Klan, there were underground groups such as the White Brotherhood and the Knights of the White Camellia, determined to preserve the old regime's power.
		White insurgents staged bloody riots in Memphis and New Orleans in 1866.
		The white elite managed to convince poor whites that newly freed fls were their enemies, rather than potential allies.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/03/AR2005050301280_pf.html (735 words)

	AllRefer.com - Knights of the White Camellia (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Knights of the White Camellia (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		Knights of the White Camellia: see Ku Klux Klan.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Knights of the White Camellia
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-KnightsW.html (128 words)

	ADL Backgrounder - Hate Groups and Black Church Arsons - State by State
		The Bayou Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is headquartered in Choudrant, and led by Roger Harris.
		The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, led by Thom Robb of Arkansas, have conducted activities in northern Mississippi.
		Lowe's Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and another Texas Klan Group, Charles Lee's Knights of the White Camellia, have been linked to racial intimidation in Vidor, according to the Texas Commission on Human Rights, which has brought a civil suit against Lowe, Lee, and several of their groups' members.
	www.adl.org /PresRele/DiRaB_41/2766_41.asp (936 words)

	[No title]
		The name has continued to be used by a number of groups who adhere to the twin beliefs of the racial superiority of the white race and the need to safeguard that primacy by protecting its purity against desegregation, integration, and miscegenation.
		The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (K-KKK), named after the revived Klan of 1915, was established in 1975 by former neo-Nazi David Duke.
		Beulah Donald to sue the UKA in 1987.
	members.tripod.com /~fantasian/kkk.html (1171 words)

	The 1880s: Repression - Texas State Library
		White Republicans, Union men, and African Americans were the primary targets of the Ku Klux Klan.
		Locally known as Pale Face, Knights of the White Camellia, or the White Brotherhood, Klan activities were reported east of the Trinity River as early as 1868.
		Klan beatings, whippings,and murder — conducted at night by disguised men—were responsible for the marked decline of the African-American vote in the South by 1870, despite the 15th Amendment’s guarantee of this right.
	www.tsl.state.tx.us /exhibits/forever/repression/page2.html (218 words)

	Search Results for "Camellia"
		camellia, (kmel´y) (KEY) [for G. Kamel], any plant of the genus Camellia in the tea family, evergreen shrubs or small trees native to Asia but now cultivated extensively...
		The plant (Camellia sinensis, Thea sinensis, or C. thea) is an evergreen related to the camellia...
		An eastern Asian evergreen shrub or small tree (Camellia sinensis) having fragrant, nodding, cup-shaped white flowers and glossy leaves.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Camellia (241 words)

	Before The Voting Rights Act
		Among others, the Ku Klux Klan, the Knights of the White Camellia, and other terrorist organizations attempted to prevent the 15th Amendment from being enforced by violence and intimidation.
		Once whites regained control of the state legislatures using these tactics, a process known as "Redemption," they used gerrymandering of election districts to further reduce fl voting strength and minimize the number of fl elected officials.
		Other laws and practices, such as the "white primary,", attempted to evade the 15th Amendment by allowing "private" political parties to conduct elections and establish qualifications for their members.
	www.usdoj.gov /crt/voting/intro/intro_a.htm (996 words)

	White Camellia
		The Knights of the White Camellia was a secret organization of white men formed in the lower Southern states in the Reconstruction qv period.
		Ultra-rich white camellia oil and shea butter are blended with angelica essential oil in Angelica Hand Aleiha from Chicago, IL rating: 5 Stars comments: Beyond any expectations- I love it and so does the body...the smell is truly wonderful and it actually boosted my in
		White Camellia This camellia is a relatively early bloomer, and it begins to bloom in December and peaks in January.
	www.cleanperfumes.com /files/white/camellia (208 words)

	Anti-Semitism - Hate Groups in America - Jewish Reference: People, Places, and All Things Jewish
		The Christian Knights are active in North and South Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee.
		The Keystone Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
		Nonetheless, a rash of schisms and defections in 1994 has contributed to a dramatic decline in the Knights' numbers; from a total of approximately 1,000 members three years ago, the Knights today can claim a hard-core membership of at most 500, spread across seven states.
	www.jewishreference.com /antisemitism-ushategroups.html (1671 words)

	Bookreporter.com - WHITE DOVES AT MORNING by James Lee Burke
		WHITE DOVES AT MORNING is a stand-alone novel, thus giving Burke freedom with his characters that he does not entirely have with the Robiceaux books or the Billy Bob Holland novels.
		WHITE DOVES AT MORNING is set primarily in rural Louisiana during the Civil War and early Reconstruction.
		It is this conflict, woven throughout WHITE DOVES AT MORNING, that is the ultimate manifestation of Burke's ability to present through implication the complexity of relationships against a backdrop of social and moral difficulty.
	www.bookreporter.com /reviews/0743244710.asp (835 words)

	Ku Klux Klan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		These included the Ku Klux Klan, the Knights of the White Camellia, the Constitutional Union Guard, the White Brotherhood, and the Knights of the Rising Sun.
		They maintained white supremacy and killed or tortured all of those that were not white or posed a threat to their ideals.
		Whites thought of themselves as the one true race and they tried to make that clear.
	www.udayton.edu /~102-14-1/josepratts.html (1443 words)

	Thesis on Nazis
		Outsource your essay or term paper to professional writers and be sure to receive a paper done on time, and according to your instructions.
		Federation of Klans, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan.
		Knights of the White Camellia Ku Klux Klan.
	www.emailessay.com /paper/Nazis-91488.html (189 words)

	Knights Templars - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Knights Templars, in medieval history, members of the military and religious order of the Poor Knights of Christ, called the Knights of the Temple of Solomon from their house in Jerusalem.
		Although the Knights of the White Cross (the Hospitalers) were at first probably larger and richer, the Templars, who wore the red cross on a white ground, were greater warriors.
		The knights were put on trial and were tortured to extract confessions of sacrilegious practices.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=KnightsT2 (719 words)

	Texas NAACP Hate Crimes Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Midland: White Camelia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
		Knights of the White Kamellia, Realm of Texas (Austin, Texas)
		White Camellia Knights of the KKK (Cleveland, Texas)
	www.texasnaacp.org /hatec.htm (3530 words)

	Bleeker Books - White Doves At Morning
		White Doves at Morning is actually a historical fiction based on the lives of Burke's great-grandfather and great-great-uncle.
		White Doves is set in New Iberia at the outbreak of the Civil War.
		White Doves at Morning is a decent book, and Burke's characters are engaging and his writing is always first rate.
	www.bleekerbooks.com /Books/Titles/Book.asp?ID=120 (1610 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 236, KU-KLUX KLAN: Library of Economics and Liberty
		KU-KLUX KLAN (IN), a secret, oath-bound organization, otherwise known as "The Invisible Empire," "The White League," "The Knights of the White Camellia," or by other names, formed in the southern states during the reconstruction period, for the primary purpose of preventing the negroes, by intimidation, from voting, or holding office.
		Until the abolition of slavery necessity compelled a rigid policing of the fl population by official or volunteer guards.
		From that time such attempts were confined to open action, the presence of organized parties of whites at negro meetings, and the employment of every engine of the law by an active, determined and intelligent race.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy627.html (1343 words)

	New Page 1
		In areas of South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana, where they were known as Knights of the White Camellia, the Ku Klux continued until the Compromise of 1877, which resulted in the passage of the Posse Comitatus and ended the last of the Reconstruction regimes.
		This institution is dedicated to the cultural advancement and enrichment of white native Americans.
		He presents the argument of equal rights for whites, that the Ku Klux are an organization to promote the interests, ideals and culture of white native Americans.
	www.knights311.org /history.htm (1316 words)

	"the most fiendish and diabolical outrages
		Since the most notorious of these "societies" were the Ku Klux Klan and the Knights of the White Camellia, perhaps some attention should be given them.
		Like the Ku Klux Klan, the Knights of the White Camellia had as their principal aim the maintenance of white supremacy in the South despite Reconstruction laws.
		Founded in New Orleans in 1867, the Knights' organizational structure closely resembled that of the Klan, and the same tactics of terrorism and reprisal were employed to block the increasing political and economic power of fls.
	www.callandpost.com /blackhistory/p032.htm (462 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		By the late 1860s the Klan became one of the principal forms of opposition to Reconstruction, and members were pledged to support the supremacy of the white race, to oppose the amalgamation of the races, to resist the social and political encroachment of carpetbaggers, and to restore white control of the government.
		Several different Klan-like organizations with different relationships to each other coexisted in various parts of the South; they included the Knights of the Red Hand, the Pale Faces, the White Brotherhood, the Constitutional Union Guards, and, in Texas, the Knights of the Rising Sun and the Knights of the White Camellia.
		Among the largest of the Klan groups are the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and the White Camellia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, but there are also others, each with its own outlook and agenda and a hatred of competing groups.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/KK/vek2.html (1868 words)

	James Lee Burke - White Doves at Morning
		At the center of the novel are James Lee Burke's own ancestors, Robert Perry, who comes from a slave-owning family of wealth and privilege, and Willie Burke, born of Irish immigrants, a poor boy who is as irreverent as he is brave and decent.
		Some, like Clay Hatcher, are pure "white trash" (considered the lowest of the low, they were despised by the white ruling class and feared by former slaves).
		From their ranks came the most notorious of the vigilante groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, the White League and the Knights of the White Camellia.
	www.jamesleeburke.com /bibliography/8.php (435 words)

	Knights of the Ku Klux Klan: Ku Klux Klan at Canadian Content
		Ku Klux Klan - Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
		Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (Ku Klux Klan)
		Lowe`s Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and another Texas Klan Group, Charles Lee`s Knights of the White Camellia, have been
	www.canadiancontent.net /dir/Top/Society/Issues/Race-Ethnic-Religious_Relations/Race_and_Racism/Supremacy_and_Separatism/White/Organizations/Ku_Klux_Klan/Knights_of_the_Ku_Klux_Klan (390 words)

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