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Topic: Knobcone pine

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	Pine Cones
		Pine cones (herein referring only to the true female cones) have a peduncle (stem) which attaches to the branch (usually the upper branches) of the tree and this continues through the entire length of the cone as the rachis (axis).
		The White Pines (except for the Pinyon Pines) have scales with a terminal umbo (the distal margin of the seed scale is free) and the Yellow Pines and Pinyon Pines have scales with a dorsal umbo (distal margin of the seed scale is appressed).
		In Pinyon Pines (subsection Cembroides) and in the Big-cone Pinyon Pines (subsection Pinceana) the seeds are wingless and in the stone pines (subsection Cembrae) the seed wing is merely a narrow rim..
	www.lovett-pinetum.org /pinecones.htm (883 words)

	Pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pines are coniferous trees of the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae.
		Pines are mostly monoecious, having the male and female cones on the same tree, though a few species are sub-dioecious with individuals predominantly, but not wholly, single-sex.
		Pines are commercially among the most important of species used for timber in temperate and tropical regions of the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pine (1335 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Knobcone PIne (Pinus attenuata)
		Identifying Characters: The cones of Knobcone Pine are highly distinctive; oblique and bent at the apex, and occur in whorls on the branches.
		In California it occurs on the northern cross ranges, the coast ranges from Trinity to Sonoma Counties, the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada to Mariposa County, and over the southern coast ranges from Santa Cruz to the dry, arid southern slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains.
		Habitat: Knobcone Pine forms nearly pure stands on dry, rocky, or other poor montane soils from 1000 feet to as much as 4000 feet in the south.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/pinus/Patten.htm (332 words)

	Botanical and ecological characteristics
		Knobcone pine has the greatest seed wing length:seed size ratio of all the California closed-cone pines, allowing for seed dispersal well beyond the edges of a fire [15].
		Old knobcone pine stands, undisturbed for 60 or more years, will show signs of invasion and competition from surrounding communities because the resultant soil genesis and organic matter deposition have begun to reduce or cover the restrictive barriers produced by serpentine [41].
		In the absence of fire, knobcone pine is replaced by chaparral shrub species at lower elevations and other conifers at higher elevations [1,41].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/pinatt/botanical_and_ecological_characteristics.html (1075 words)

	Pine
		Pines are monoecious: having male and female cones on the same tree.
		Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the Arctic to Mexico and Nicaragua and the West Indies.
		Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) and other common pine species are often grown commercially as a source of wood pulp for papermaking.
	www.backyardagora.com /glossary/pine.htm (405 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Binomial name Pinus mugo Mountain Pine or Mugo Pine (Pinus mugo) is a high altitude European pine, found in the Pyrenees, Alps, Erzgebirge, Carpathians, northern Appennines and Balkan Peninsula mountains from (mostly) 1,000m to 2,200m, occasionally as low as 200m in the north of the range in Germany...
		Binomial name Pinus sibirica The Siberian Pine (Pinus sibirica; family Pinaceae) is a species of pine tree that occurs in Siberia from 58°E in the Ural Mountains east to 126°E in the Stanovoy Khrebet mountains in southern Sakha Republic, and from Igarka at 68°N in the lower...
		Binomial name Pinus resinosa The Red Pine (Pinus resinosa), is a North American pine, occurring from Newfoundland west to southeast Manitoba, and south to northern Illinois and Pennsylvania, with a small outlying population in the Appalachian Mountains in West Virginia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pine (6295 words)

	AllRefer - Species: Knobcone Pine \| Pinus attenuata > Species:
		Mosaics of chaparral, woodland, knobcone pine, and other coniferous forests sometimes occur due to topographical and substrate differences [32,41,44].
		IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE : Knobcone pine is unpalatable browse [13].
		Natural fires are probably less frequent in knobcone pine forests than in other western closed-cone communities [25].
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/tree/pinatt/all.html (3215 words)

	Chapter 3: The Affected Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In Whiskeytown, chaparral and knobcone pine are primarily found on south-facing slopes, and the oak woodlands are found on in riparian areas and north-facing slopes.
		This urban encroachment is occurring within an assemblage of chaparral, knobcone pine, and oak woodlands and is characterized by a fire regime that consists of intense and fast moving fires.
		Knobcone pines are not restricted to serpentine at Whiskeytown as they are in much of their natural range.
	www.nps.gov /whis/exp/fireweb/fireplandeis/deis4-24chapter3.htm (14831 words)

	The Cone-bearing Trees of Yosemite (1939), “Knobcone Pine,” by James E. Cole
		They are known as “fire-type” pines due to the luxuriant reproduction that follows the frequent chaparral fires which occur in the foothills they inhabit.
		The Knobcone Pine, however, ripens its first cones when a mere sapling two or three feet high and between three to eight years of age.
		Knobcone Pines are the most sparingly represented conifers in the forests of Yosemite.
	www.yosemite.ca.us /library/cone-bearing_trees/knobcone_pine.html (869 words)

	Knobcone Pine -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Knobcone Pine (Pinus attenuata) is a (A tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms) tree that grows in mild climates on poor soils.
		It ranges from (A state in northwestern United States on the Pacific) Oregon to (A mountainous peninsula on northwest Mexico) Baja California with the greatest concentration in northern (A state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes) California and the Oregon-California border.
		This (A coniferous tree) pine reaches heights of 8-20 m on rocky, volcanic soil on sloping ground.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/K/Kn/Knobcone_Pine.htm (242 words)

	Pines
		On the Northwest coast it is called shore pine, where as in the mountains it is referred to as the mountain form.
		The cones of knobcone encircle the branches and trunk of the tree in dense, tightly-clinging clusters.
		Knobcone pine is a small, shrubby tree that commonly has multiple tops.
	sabin.nclack.k12.or.us /sc/fnr/forestry/fnr-1101.htm (862 words)

	Pinus attenuata, Knobcone Pine, Knob-Cone Pine
		The many forms and types of pines can be found in northern temperate zones and on mountains in the tropics.
		All pines have long needlelike leaves grouped in clusters of 2 to 5.
		Extended drought or pollution can weaken pines, making them susceptible to pests and diseases.
	www.sunnygardens.com /garden_plants/pinus/pinus_2268.php (137 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The leaves (needles) of a pine may occur in clusters of 2-5 in a bundle called a fascicle or in some species (e.g.
		Pine trees produce both male cones (microstrobili) and female cones (megastrobili) and both can be seen on this photograph of the bristlecone pine (P.
		Pine stems collected in the winter usually contain immature female cones and old male cones from the previous spring.
	www.science.siu.edu /landplants/Coniferophyta/Pine.LC.html (538 words)

	[No title]
		The name Knobcone has obvious origins; it comes from the visible knobs, which curdle across its fist sized, humpbacked cones.
		This whole cycle is really a remarkable one, and you only need to take a closer look at their gnarled and lumpy cones halfway swallowed in by the outward growing trees bark to truly appreciate them.
		The transition from one pine to the next may mean little to the average passerby, but the appearance of a group of Knobcones in the forest is a subtle indicator.
	web.pdx.edu /~slade/Knobcone%202000.htm (987 words)

	California Forest Stewardship Program
		Pine cones abort and remain closed on infected whorls.
		However, there is optimism about the long-term survival of Monterey Pines because a certain level of genetic resistance appears to be present in the population.
		Any untreated pine material that originates within infested counties is a potential source of pitch canker disease, unless treated to eliminate the disease.
	ceres.ca.gov /foreststeward/html/ppc3.html (545 words)

	Santa Cruz CNPS Local Plant Communities
		The Sierra Nevada plants Ponderosa Pine and pussy paws (Calyptridium umbellatum) are found in the sandhills.
		The former grows on dry coastal terraces while the later is found on rocky ridges where the soils are granitic or sandstone derived.
		Knobcone pine also grows in rocky areas and is often found growing near Santa Cruz cypress, as well as sand hill locations.
	www.cruzcnps.org /localplants.html (873 words)

	Chloroplast DNA Diversity Among Trees, Populations and Species in the California Closed-Cone Pines (Pinus radiata, ...
		Chloroplast DNA Diversity Among Trees, Populations and Species in the California Closed-Cone Pines (Pinus radiata, Pinus muricata and Pinus attenuata) -- Hong et al.
		Chloroplast DNA Diversity Among Trees, Populations and Species in the California Closed-Cone Pines (Pinus radiata, Pinus muricata and Pinus attenuata)
		closed-cone pines-knobcone pine: Pinus attenuata Lemm.; bishop pine: Pinus
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/abstract/135/4/1187 (357 words)

	Knobcone Pine (Pinus attenuata)
		Watering Needs: The knobcone pine is adapted to mild wet winters and hot dry summers.
		The asymmetrical female cones comes in groups of four or five on trees of between 10 and 12 years of age or more.
		The knobcone pine seeds are small and light, with thin seed coats and long seed wings.
	www.desert-tropicals.com /Plants/Pinaceae/Pinus_attenuata.html (275 words)

	[No title]
		Attribute examples and explanations: 6P-5 = Mountain Pine Beetle, Ponderosa Pine with 5 affected trees in the polygon.
		P1-#, P2-#, P3-# Flatheaded woodborer & drought in SW Oregon 1975 & 76 in Ponderosa pine.
		Every type of damage is captured on the individual quads, and after the quads are merged region-wide, the Budworm, Fir Beetle, Pine Beetle, Other Damage and Tussock Moth are separated out in different layers.
	www.reo.gov /col/data_dictionary_other/asddr6.txt (770 words)

	Pine Tree Seeds from the Digital Raingardens Seed Catalog
		Conical tree with ascending branches and smooth gray bark, becoming fissured and scaly with age.
		Very attractive ornamental pine with fissured red-brown bark, yellow shoots and grass green leaves.
		Dark green leaves and 2" long female cones that are violet-purple when young, turning to red or yellow-brown.
	www.raingardens.com /seedpage/pines.htm (666 words)

	Oregon Department of Forestry Champion Tree Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		When the trail levels off, on the left there is a large pile of rocks.
		The largest pine tree is less than 200 yards.
		On and about 50 ft. off the trail in a small meadow area.
	www.oregon.gov /ODF/STATE_FORESTS/FRP/BTrees/Knobpine.shtml (82 words)

	Knobcone Pine \| Plant Information
		The Knobcone Pine may be available from nurseries, garden stores and other plant dealers and distributors.
		Knobcone Pine Perennials Plants for Sale Plant Stands Seeds and Bulbs Tree SeedsOrganic Gardening Garden Decor
		Knobcone Pine can be found in California (CA) and Oregon (OR)
	www.gardenguides.com /plants/plant.asp?symbol=PIAT (81 words)

	Skiing the Cascade Volcanoes: Conifers of the Cascade Range
		The largest currently-known tree in the Cascade Range (although not the tallest) is the Cedar Flats Sentinel, a 264 ft (80 m) tall Douglas-fir found near Mount Saint Helens.
		However, until it blew over in 1930, the largest tree in the Cascade Range and also the largest known member of the Pinaceae (pine family) in the world was the famed Mineral Tree southwest of Mount Rainier, a Douglas-fir with nearly twice the volume of the Cedar Flats Sentinel.
		The standing portion of the Mineral Tree prior to 1930 was only 225 ft (69 m) tall, but the broken section of the top which had fallen in an earlier storm was lying nearby and measured at 168 ft (51 m).
	www.skimountaineer.com /CascadeSki/CascadeConifers.html (1790 words)

	Knobcone Gear Shift Knob
		Gear Shift Knob Made From a Knobcone Pine
		This serotinous cone from a knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata) was used by Mr.
		Wolffia as a gear shift knob on his truck.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /ww0604d.htm (52 words)

	ExactAntigen knobcone pine monoclonal antibodies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		There is no antibody in ExactAntigen for knobcone pine.
		If you are aware of or have produced such a monoclonal antibody, please contact us.
		(1993) Chloroplast DNA diversity among trees, populations and species in the California closed-cone pines (Pinus radiata, Pinus muricata and Pinus attenuata).
	www.exactantigen.com /species/others/k/knobcone-pine-antibodies.html (101 words)

	Tall Timbers Research Station
		Disturbance Influences on Pine Traits in the Southeastern United States (p.
		Evaluating Pyrogenicity and Its Effects on Vegetation In Longleaf Pine Savannas (p.
		Fire Behavior and Stem Survival in the New Jersey Pine Plains (p.
	www.talltimbers.org /info/17toc.html (491 words)

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