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	Digital divide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term also refers to gaps that exist between groups regarding their ability to use ICTs (Information and Communications Technologies) effectively, due to differing levels of literacy and technical skills, as well as the gap between those groups that have access to quality, useful digital content and those that do not.
		The knowledge gap hypothesis in communications studies, first formulated in Tichendor, Donohue, and Olien (1970), suggests that there is a chronic gap of knowledge that different sectors of society possess.
		The gap was also thought to reduce as television replaces newspaper as a source of knowledge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Digital_divide (1200 words)

	Station Information - Slab gap hypothesis
		In geology, the slab gap hypothesis is one of the explanations put forward to explain several instances of extension that have seemingly paradoxically occurred near subduction zones (which otherwise would typically compact crust, not stretch it out).
		The hypothesis is that a gap forms between the two now subducting chucks of oceanic lithosphere when the spreading zone (the divergent plate boundary) of an oceanic plate is subducted under continental lithosphere.
		The slab gap hypothesis goes on to state that the upwelling can form very deep cracks, which in turn lets very fluid basalt lava to quickly spread over the land surface forming shield volcanoes and vast volcanic plains.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/s/sl/slab_gap_hypothesis.html (257 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		The gap was formed by the erosive action of a stream that once flowed there.
		Kirkwood gaps Kirkwood gaps, regions in the asteroid belt within which few asteroids are found.
		Socrates -> Philosophy Socrates's contributions to philosophy were a new method of approaching knowledge, a conception of the soul as the seat both of normal waking consciousness and of moral character, and a sense of the universe as purposively mind-ordered.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Knowledge+gap+hypothesis (434 words)

	[No title]
		B. phenomenon of the knowledge gap hypothesis 1.
		The knowledge gap in public affairs A. people of higher socioeconomic status are more likely to be exposed to certain types of info.
		The knowledge gap and new technology A. Parker & Dunn (1972) suggest new technologies can be used to the benefit of people throughout society because of reduced unit cost & equal access.
	www.mrs.umn.edu /~burkebr/spch3710ch13.txt (1024 words)

	Slab gap hypothesis - Freecyclopedia.com :: The World Bank of Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In geology, the slab gap hypothesis is one of the explanations put forward to explain several instances of extension that have seemingly paradoxically occurred near subduction zones (which typically compact crust).
		The hypothesis is that when the spreading zone (the divergent plate boundary) of an oceanic plate is subducted under continental lithosphere[?], then a gap between the two now subducting chucks of oceanic lithosphere[?] forms.
		Since divergent plate boundaries are fed by mantle plumes[?] the hypothesis is that the mantle plume (which is far larger than a mere hot spot) exploits this gap and causes the overlying continental lithosphere (and the continental crust[?] on top of it) to spread apart.
	www.sneaknews.com /econtents/sl/Slab_gap_hypothesis.html (248 words)

	gap
		Gap is the préfecture (capital) of the Hautes-Alpes département in France.
		Gap was annexed by the French crown in 1512.
		GAP is a mathematical interactive programming language for research, similar to Mathematica, but group orientated.
	www.fact-library.com /gap.html (195 words)

	Knowledge Gap Hypothesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Important to note is that they predicted this gap in knowledge would be in effect not only at a certain point in time, but that it would increase over time.
		More interesting to knowledge gap researchers is that those with high levels of education (based on three levels: grade school, high school and college) were more likely to agree that man would reach the moon than those with lower levels of education both at a certain point in time and over all four intervals.
		Most important was that the gap between levels widened over time in that the percentage of respondents in the high education level who agreed rose more than 60 percentage points over 16 years while those in the low level of education category rose less than 25 percentage points.
	iml.jou.ufl.edu /projects/students/yaron/kg2.htm (345 words)

	Knowledge Gap Research at Massey University
		The KGH proposes that in any community (whether a city, a country, an organisation, or even a "community without propinquity") knowledge gaps are likely to occur between people who are information rich and those who are information poor.
		An increasing knowledge gap is hypothesised when information rich individuals in a community see and understand the value of the newly released information and know how to take advantage of it, while the information poor lack the ability or the opportunity to understand and access information of potential benefit to them.
		The exploration of knowledge gaps is in its early stages in New Zealand, but such research is timely in view of the high level of concern in the community about increasing distinctions within society.
	communication.massey.ac.nz /kgh.html (335 words)

	Reynolds2
		The second section uses both knowledge gap theory, from the field of communications, and student development theory, from the field of education, to help explain how providing academic support through the web is a useful approach.
		further stated that their hypothesis does not hold that lower status population segments remain completely uninformed, but rather that the growth in knowledge is greater among those in the higher status segments of the population.
		Knowledge gap theory would indicate a widening of the gaps as a result, since people who are already information-rich, with higher information skills and more resources, would move even further ahead of informationally poorer strata" (p.
	www.aabss.org /journal1998/reynolds2.html (4575 words)

	Newspaper Research Journal: Knowledge gap on cervical, colorectal cancer exists among U.S. women
		Data that show knowledge gaps between "haves" and "have-nots" increase as media publicity increases underscore the seriousness of the public's health and public affairs knowledge differentials.4 We tested the "knowledge gap hypothesis" concerning cervical and colorectal cancers among women aged 40 or older, using data from the 1992 National Health Interview Survey.
		The classic knowledge gap hypothesis was tested, that knowledge gaps would be greater for the more publicized topic than for the less publicized topic.
		Our main interest was the magnitude of the knowledge gaps between the high and low education groups, although gaps between high and medium education groups and between medium and low education groups were of interest.
	newssearch.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_qa3677/is_200101/ai_n8936257 (919 words)

	Welcome to IPD's Home on the Web
		There are some well-documented knowledge gap studies suggesting that the phenomenon is true and is indeed happening.
		The knowledge gap hypothesis is said to have potentially important implications for the study of presidential campaigns, given that campaigns are nothing if not large-scale efforts to communicate information to the voters and that this information may be responsible for structuring election outcomes.
		Narrowing the knowledge divide between the poor, middle class and elite is to bite the bullet.
	www.ipd.ph /elections/opinion/knowledge_gap.htm (2137 words)

	AEJMC Archives -- January 2001, week 1 (#88)
		(1970), and dispels the myth that education is the strongest predictor of the knowledge gap.
		This framework, the knowledge gap, became the primary explanation as to why the media often failed in informing certain segments of the American population.
		A backwards regression analysis was again employed to see which knowledge gap factors contributed most to the prediction of general preventive behavior, defined here as the inclination to stockpile essentials, secure alternate sources of energy, and ensure financial safety.
	list.msu.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0101a&L=aejmc&F=&S=&P=12554 (6181 words)

	ICA Info Systems: Grabe et al.
		In fact, over the past 30 years scholars have documented the existence of a knowledge gap: people with lower educational backgrounds are often disproportionately uninformed about public affairs issues even though their exposure to the mass media, especially television, is typically greater than people with higher educational backgrounds.
		Yet, without exception, research on the knowledge gap hypothesis employs a survey approach to examine the relative size of correlations between education and variables such as knowledge, attention, interest, and channel use (radio, television, newspaper) of audience members.
		This hypothesis was tested both by looking at the percent accuracy of the two groups on the recognition test and by using a signal detection analysis of the verbal recognition data (see Table 1).
	astro.temple.edu /~lombard/InfoSys/99/Grabe.htm (3925 words)

	Knowledge gap hypothesis Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The knowledge-gap hypothesis was propounded by Phillip J. Tichenor, and colleagues.
		The concept of a digital divide is linked to this hypothesis, although its development has been independent.
		Knowledge-gap hypothesis suggests that each new medium increases the gap between information rich and information poor, becauses of differences in access to medium and control over use, along with other factors.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/k/kn/knowledge_gap_hypothesis.html (78 words)

	Tichenor Article -- Alvanitakis Critique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Knowledge is a social construct, which includes beliefs and values.
		Dervin (1980) views the media as responsible for the knowledge gap because they present information is a less meaningful and relevant way to certain individuals, who in turn do not get the message (Gaziano & Gaziano, 134).
		Also, the knowledge gap is a strong visual model for mass communications researchers and theorists.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2000fall/jomc245-001/alvanitakis_critique_1.html (915 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE As we enter a new area of media effects, we have to deal with a set of topics and concepts, which are difficult to locate in terms of the two main variables of time scale of effect and intentionality.
		KNOWLEDGE GAPS It has long been assumed that the press and broadcasting have added so greatly to the flow of public information that they will have helped to modify difference of knowledge resulting from inequalities of education and social position.
		However, the knowledge gap hypothesis concludes that the effects of the media on closing or narrowing gaps remains uncertain, but the gaps continue.
	www.cc.utah.edu /~bm16/mctheory/april27.doc (3822 words)

	media use and political participation
		Previous studies in knowledge gap research suggests that there is a gap in the use of news media between people with high socioeconomic status and people with low socioeconomic status (SES) because of differences in selective exposure, acceptance and retention across education groups.
		The first hypothesis, which predicted that educational level would correlate with newspaper use, was not supported in the Clarke-Oconee County survey but supported in the Media Consumption Study.
		The third hypothesis, which predicted that the degree of news media use would have an effect on registration to vote, was not supported in the Clarke-Oconee County survey but supported in the Media Consumption Study.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~hjsoh/8010.htm (476 words)

	Language Divide and Knowledge Gap in Cyberspace: Beyond Digital Divide
		It turns out that at the core of their arguments is the idea of knowledge gap resulting from the digital divide as a pattern of race and class discrimination.
		Drawing upon the knowledge gap hypothesis, net critics note with grave concern that there is a significant "digital divide" now separating information "haves" and "have nots," and, to make the matter worse, the digital divide has been widening in recent years between and within national boundaries.
		The knowledge gap resulting from the digital divide caught the attention of the World Bank, which noted "the global explosion of knowledge now under way may lift hundreds of millions of the world's poor out of poverty, or it may create widening gap, in which poor countries lag further and further behind" (World Bank, 1999).
	www.unesco.or.kr /cyberlang/auhtaeksup.htm (5375 words)

	The knowledge gap hypothesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The role of mass communication — state knowledge gap hypothesis.
		As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socioeconomic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between these segments tends to increase rather than decrease.
		Knowledge gap more likely to occur with public affairs and science news.
	www.utexas.edu /coc/journalism/SOURCE/j363/notes216.html (71 words)

	Archived: Archived -- Address by Susan B. Neuman, Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education, "Access ...
		The third hypothesis, however, is less well known, and one in which my research has emphasized.
		Knowledge acquisition is related to access to information (print) and knowledgeable others.
		We examined receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, concepts of print upper and low case letter knowledge phonemic awareness of initial and ending sounds, and rhyming, all skills associated with literacy achievement, as well as IQ.
	www.ed.gov /news/pressreleases/2001/07/07272001_neuman.html?exp=8 (2586 words)

	[Air-l] relation digital divide - knowledge gap
		The assumption that only knowledges which can be exchanged for money within a capitalist system are valuable (or exist at all) is effectively built into the formulation of a "knowledge gap" itself.
		Renewed efforts will then be made to get economically excluded groups to devalue knowledges specific to their environment and adopt knowledges for which they have no use (because they do not address the immediate environment or provide knowledges which this specific group actually can convert to money).
		These knowledges will be largely rejected by the recipients who can't find a use for the knowledge offered (it has no application in their context).
	listserver.dreamhost.com /pipermail/air-l-aoir.org/2005-May/007831.html (1040 words)

	Knowledge Gap
		The knowledge gap theory was first proposed by Tichenor, Donohue and Olien at the University of Minnesota in the 70s.
		The knowledge gap was used in a research for presidential campaigns.
		The knowledge gap hypothesis holds that when new information enters a social system via a mass media campaign, it is likely to exacerbate underlying inequalities in previously held information.
	www.tcw.utwente.nl /theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Media,%20Culture%20and%20Society/knowledge_gap.doc/index.html (804 words)

	Theory of Knowledge Study Guide
		The TOK student guide is the culmination of 8 years of development of a successful course at a large selective Grammar School in the South of England.
		The general theme of the course is one of revolutions in understanding and knowledge and a large part of the approach is historical.
		If you feel that the Theory of Knowledge Study Guide is not everything that we say it is and you are not completely satisfied with it, then return your pack and we will refund your money.
	www.TheoryOfKnowledge.co.uk (469 words)

	Knowledge Gap Hypothesis Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Knowledge_gap_hypothesis (287 words)

	Department of Communication : Courses : Bryant University
		Upon completion of this course, students will expected to have acquired in-depth knowledge of communication research methodology, the ability to evaluate communication research studies, and the ability to independently conduct communication research.
		Knowledge about how other nations and industries have approached similar problems and issues can make students more insightful about their own nations and industries and more effective their careers.
		The focus of this course is on cross-national comparative approaches to the study of communication policy and practice.
	web.bryant.edu /%7Ecomm/courses.html (2493 words)

	Knowledge gap hypothesis - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Knowledge gap hypothesis - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This economics or finance-related article is a stub.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Knowledge gap hypothesis contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Knowledge_gap_hypothesis (125 words)

	Journal of Educational Technology & Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		ABSTRACT: This paper assesses university students’ acquisition of simple and complex knowledge, in exploring whether the knowledge gap hypothesis (KGH) with its origins in community-based research into people’s informal learning from mass media, provides insights into students’ acquisition and retention of information.
		The KGH posits that attempts to equalise knowledge within a community by releasing new information into it often either has no such effect, or even worsens knowledge inequities.
		The paper finally reflects on whether existing KGH claims, based on informal education through the media, apply in a formal education environment.
	www.ifets.info /abstract.php?art_id=547 (220 words)

	Encyclopedia: Digital divide
		In general, the digital divide is a phenomenon wherein the rich in technology get richer with the rapid foray into the information age of the late twentieth century, while the technologically poor get poorerâ€”if not absolutely poorer, at least relatively so, as the gap between the technological haves and...
		The idea of the digital divide resonates with "common sense" skepticism against claims of the revolutionary power of the Internet and the emerging utopian information society.
		Another key dimension of the Digital Divide, is the global digital divide, reflecting existing economic divisions in the world.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Digital-divide (1960 words)

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