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Topic: Relativity of Knowledge

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	Knowledge article - Knowledge meaning information instruction communication representation - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Knowledge is a term with many meanings depending on context, but is (as a rule) closely related to such concepts as meaning, information, instruction, communication, representation, learning and mental stimulus.
		Knowledge may also be claimed for the pronouncements of secular or religious authority such as the state or the church.
		Knowledge may also be derived by reason from either traditional, authoritative, or experiential sources or a combination of them.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Knowledge (1228 words)

	Knowledge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of facts, truths or information gained in the form of experience or learning (a posteriori), or through deductive reasoning (a priori).
		In epistemology a common definition of knowledge is that it consists of justified true belief.
		The spread of this knowledge is examined by diffusion.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Knowledge (886 words)

	Knowledge - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of facts, truths or information gained in the form of experience or learning.
		The spread of this knowledge is examined by diffusion (anthropology).
		Philosophical skepticism is the position which critically examines whether the knowledge and perceptions people have is true; adherents of this position hold that one can never obtain true knowledge, since justification is never certain.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /knowledge.htm (1289 words)

	Knowledge
		Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge is a consilience to describe the synthesis of kn...
		Knowledge Knowledge is a term with many meanings depending on context, but is as a rule closely related to such concepts...
		Presumed knowledge of the law Presumed knowledge of the law is the principle in jurisprudence that one is bound by a law...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/knowledge.html (852 words)

	CHAPTER TEN
		In general, relativity and relativism concern the ontological and existential status of human knowledge in a most basic way--the ability to know with any certainty that something is objectively true.
		Knowledge must be construed within the context of its culture in which it originates and takes shape.
		It is the relativism of the whole of the cultural orientation in which knowledge is situated that underlies what Kuhn refers to as the dynamics of scientific paradigms and the kind of conversion experience that underlies and is a precursor to seeing the new gestalt of a scientific theory and the abandonment of old theories.
	www.lewismicropublishing.com /Publications/Culture/Culture10.htm (702 words)

	Relativity
		Doubly-special relativity Doubly-Special Relativity is a new theory of loop quantum gravity.
		Knowledge relativity the introduction of knowledge relativity as a notion...
		Principle of relativity In general, the principle of relativity is the requirement that the frame of reference of an imp...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/relativity.html (186 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Sc
		Scepticism is the philosophical current which over-emphasises doubt and the relativity of human knowledge, while Dogmatism underestimates the relativity of knowledge and lays claim to knowledge of absolute truths.
		Science is the socially legitimated accumulation of knowledge, and the institutions and practices for observation, classification, experiment, verification, criticism, legitimation and dissemination of those practices and associated theory in a systematic whole.
		Knowledge of nature and the development of technique continued, but there was no systematic institutional practices for the development of science as such or criteria for legitimation of knowledge other than the authority of the Church Fathers.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/s/c.htm (1030 words)

	Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, if Fred acquired this propositional knowledge from an encyclopedia, he will not have acquired the skill of swimming: he has some propositional knowledge, but does not have any know-how.
		In philosophy, knowledge is held to be a belief that is true, actionable and justified.
		Another problem with defining knowledge is known as the " Gettier problem ".
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/knowledge_1 (1185 words)

	Rednova NEWS \| Victorian Relativity: Radical Thought and Scientific Discovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Victorian Relativity argues, against conventional wisdom, that relativism was the overhanging tree under which the sapling of relativity sprouted and that, as the song goes, you can't have one without the other.
		Victorian Relativity ought to be explored painstakingly, therefore, both for what it has to show about the current state of the physical-science/humanities interface, and for the light it may shed on the novel's relationship to science.
		When Herbert praises the "militant principle, 'No Absolutes!'" that the "relativity movement" endorses, he seerrs to me to come close to endorsing as his own a position that is not simply "potentially incoheren[t]" but actually contradictory in its claim to have discovered the truth that there are no truths (35, 8, 26).
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=38035 (3321 words)

	Knowledge Relativity
		The word science itself means knowledge and thus one would assume that the distinction between arbitrary unilateral assumptions on the one hand and shared mutually assured knowledge on the other hand is uncontested in contemporary science.
		The main effect of Newell's knowledge level hypothesis is not what it accomplishes, but what it prevents: the authority to interpret symbolic knowledge representations is restricted to computer systems, since their (virtual) behavior is the only way for determining what knowledge is represented.
		Informatics has suppressed knowledge relativity since it's beginning, and current trends to equate knowledge with knowledge representation are the direct continuation of this tradition.
	hoffmann.org (2105 words)

	PREFACE
		Physical relativity takes various specific forms, and can be extended to embrace a grand cosmology of the total universe, as well as the most fundamental properties and processes that are found to occur in nature.
		The paradox of relativity is the paradox of the origins and ultimate references of our knowledge--at some point, physical and anthropological forms of relativity come together, and upon another level they are fundamentally different in form and in consequences.
		Relativity and Relativism: Explorations in the Anthropology of Knowledge
	lewismicropublishing.com /Publications/Relativism/RelativismPreface.htm (1812 words)

	Theology Today - Vol 18, No. 3 - October 1961 - BOOK REVIEW - Relavitism, Knowledge and Faith
		If Kant showed us that the relativity of knowledge was due to the fact that the mind applied a priori categories to the material given it in order to make judgments, it has only been in the last hundred years that the full relativity of knowledge has been recognized.
		If the stigma is to be taken out of the charge that thought is relative, it is necessary to show how knowledge is at the same time normative and bound to the concrete historical, linguistic, and psychological situation of the thinker.
		Hence all thinking is relative, and the criteria and norms of thought are ultimately subjective because they are abstract descriptions of the finished product of thinking as the model in terms of which valid thinking is defined.
	theologytoday.ptsem.edu /oct1961/v18-3-bookreview11.htm (1083 words)

	Gerald Doppelt
		First of all, postmodern scholars of the politics of knowledge may object that my notion of epistemic or cognitive values depends on a false separation between the epistemic and the wider social or political interests that define the cultural contexts of all knowledge-production.
		Scientific knowledge can be neutrally or scientifically characterized as those locally valued methods, standards, aims, theories, etc., which prove in fact to be more effective and reliable than rivals in achieving the aims of science.
		If it evaluates the efficacy of local values and methods relative to aims, and allows aims to vary from one scientific group to another (in history, or contemporary science), then, on its own view, scientific knowledge will be relative to the larger epistemic values/aims to which some but not all scientific groups are committed.
	www.uab.edu /ethicscenter/doppelt.htm (3223 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Relativism
		The fascination of Kant's philosophy lay in the fact that it gave full value to the activity, as opposed to the passivity or receptivity of mind; but the unknowable Ding-an-sich was an abomination, fatal alike to its consistency and to its power to solve the problem of human cognition.
		The relativity of reality, which thus took the place of the relativity of knowledge, has been variously conceived.
		A further argument is derived from the alleged relativity of sensation, whence in the Scholastic theory all knowledge is derived.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12731d.htm (2407 words)

	Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The concepts of Knowledge Management (KM) and knowledge communities have matured over the past decade and are being...
		Assessing the knowledge base of faculty at a private, four-year institution.
		Knowledge \ is the awareness and understanding of facts, truths or information gained in the form of experience or learning.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Knowledge (1380 words)

	Relativity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		in philosophy, the theory that all knowledge is relative to the mind, or that things can be known only through their effects on the mind, and that consequently there can be no knowledge of reality as it is in itself.
		Albert Einstein became famous for his theory of relativity, which laid the basis for the release of atomic energy.
		In 1916, Einstein expanded the special theory of relativity to the general theory, in which he attempted to express all laws of physics by 'covariant' equasions, or equasions that have the same mathematical form regardless of the system of reference to which they are applied.
	www.lambo.aros.net /relativity/relativity.htm (534 words)

	Introduction to Special Relativity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		General relativity has become one of the central pillars of theoretical physics, with important applications in both astrophysics and high-energy particle physics, and no modern theoretical physicist's education should be regarded as complete without some study of the subject.
		Assuming no prior knowledge of relativity, the author elaborates the underlying logic and describes the subtleties and apparent paradoxes.
		Special Relativity is really nothing more than an application of linear algebra, but this book shows that upon reflection it becomes a particularly elegant application of linear algebra.
	www.enotalone.com /books/0198539525.html (699 words)

	Bergson's Theory of Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bergson's Theory of Knowledge and Einstein's Theory of Relativity.
		The nineteenth century was dominated by the idea of the positivity of natural science The great philosopher of the latter part of that century, Herbert Spencer, expressed it in his doctrine of the Unknowable.
		Science was a realm of clear positive knowledge; in scientific facts, and more especially still in mathematical principles, the human mind touched the absolute; but surrounding this realm was a murky, obscure, indefinite region in which the human mind could find no sure foothold.
	atschool.eduweb.co.uk /cite/staff/philosopher/bergson.htm (1358 words)

	RELATIVITY OF KNOWLEDGE - Online Information article about RELATIVITY OF KNOWLEDGE
		most easily by considering what it is that " relativity " is opposed to.
		" Relativity " of knowledge is opposed to absoluteness or positiveness of knowledge.
		Now there are two senses in which knowledge may claim to be
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /RAY_RHO/RELATIVITY_OF_KNOWLEDGE.html (288 words)

	John Stuart Mill
		But our knowledge of those things, our beliefs about them, are still relative to us in the sense that we cannot think of them except as similar to or resembling things or attributes of which we are conscious in sense experience or inner awareness.
		Relative to the actual experience of the former the others are conditionally certain possibilities located at the appropriate distance.
		However, given the basic argument that Mill offers for the relativity of all knowledge these claims do not amount to much; they are to be taken no more seriously than those who justify their moral judgments by appeal to "God said so".
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/win2002/entries/mill (17552 words)

	Theaetetus - Part III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		But because knowledge is subjective or relative to the mind, we are not to suppose that we are therefore deprived of any of the tests or criteria of truth.
		In its higher signification it was the knowledge, not of men, but of gods, perfect and all sufficing:--like other ideals always passing out of sight, and nevertheless present to the mind of Aristotle as well as Plato, and the reality to which they were both tending.
		Admitting that, like all other knowledge, they are derived from experience, and that experience is ultimately resolvable into facts which come to us through the eye and ear, still their origin is a mere accident which has nothing to do with their true nature.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/lit/socialcommentary/Theaetetus/chap2.html (6297 words)

	The Modernist Objectivity of Lyotard's Postmodernism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Indeed Lyotard goes further because, despite being a theoretical Wittgensteinian postmodernist, he contrasts his view on the relativity of knowledge with a structural binary opposite of actual rational knowledge with cultural myths and illusions.
		Suppose we agree with Lyotard that all knowledge exists within Wittgensteinian language games, and that there is no greater claim of one kind of knowledge over another.
		But if his analysis is not relative, then he must allow the possibility of reasoning towards a rational outcome, as he has done.
	www.change.freeuk.com /learning/socthink/lyotard.html (612 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Re
		The term originates in Scottish law, referring to the resumption of land from a vassal by a feudal superior, and later as the knowledge of something as true and valid and then other such derivative usages.
		Relativity is based on the premise that all things are interconnected and constantly changing.
		Term used to characterise philosophical trends which put extreme emphasis on the relativity of knowledge, to the point of rejecting any objective basis for knowledge or any sense in which one statement could be any ‘more true’ than another.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/r/e.htm (2757 words)

	Jnana, as knowledge
		Relative knowledge is unreal because uncertain (because active (i.e.
		The basic transmission (or communication) rate (of instructions) is calculated (and which is relative) but not known directly (hence absolutely).
		The function of a symbol is to transmit relative (i.e.
	homepage.eircom.net /~nagig/jnana.html (957 words)

	Relativity - R
		Discussion of the philosophical foundations and interpretation of quantum mechanics and the Special Theory of Relativity.
		Presents a guide to special relativity, assuming knowledge of algebra, linear algebra, and calculus.
		Gravity Probe B is the relativity gyroscope experiment being developed by NASA and Stanford University to test two unverified predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
	www.electronicsee.com /Resources/Relativity.htm (327 words)

	the knowledge.com ™ directory - science - physics - relativity - special relativity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The major principles of special relativity (SR) are discussed in an accessible way, via 5 segments, to help you understand the lingo and theories involved.
		The discovery of special relativity was inevitable, given the momentous discoveries that preceded it.
		Special relativity becomes simple and very convincing when the Lorentz transformation is derived only from Newton's first law of motion and the homogeneity of time.
	directory.knowledge.com /science/physics/relativity/special_relativity (512 words)

	Cosmology Made Simple
		Before general relativity, mathematicians were the only people interested in the properties of curved surfaces.
		General Relativity also changed cosmology by not allowing the Universe to be STATIC, the Universe must change with time.
		Using the equations of general relativity, it can be shown that the expansion of the Universe is slowing down, but the amount of slowing depends on the amount of stuff in the Universe.
	www.geocities.com /autotheist/Physics/cosmo.htm (849 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Relativity : The Special and the General Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		His major contribution to science was the special and the general theory of relativity, which gave a new dimension to that we call today "Modern Physics".
		Many people feel frustrated because when they try to understand relativity, they find some authors that expound in their books a complex arrangement of equations referring to the mathematical part of the theory, namely, the books are accessible for people with certain levels of knowledge (that is the case of engineers, physicists, mathematicians, among others).
		Relativity is often portrayed as a complex and mathematical lesson.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0517884410?v=glance (2107 words)

	Theory of Relativity and a Prior Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Theory of Relativity and a Prior Knowledge Review: In "The theory of Relativity and A Priori Knowledge"--logical empiricist Hans Reichenbach's first book--an attempt is made to rescue philosophy from the mistakes made by tying our best theories of knowledge too closely with pre-Einsteinian physics.
		The book was written in 1920, when the special and general theories of relativity were beginning their overthrow of classical ideas and this is one of the first attempts to model a theory of knowledge on the mathematical machinery of relativity.
		He argues that Kant is correct in his claim that there must be some contribution to knowledge in order to structure our raw impressions into meaningful objects and relations.
	www.textkit.com /0_0520010590.html (303 words)

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