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Topic: Koko (gorilla)

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	Gorilla Foundation - Gorilla Intelligence and Behavior
		Koko, a female lowland gorilla born in 1971, and Michael, a male lowland gorilla born in 1973, use sign language and understand spoken English.
		Koko's participation in this study began when she was one year old, and Michael's at the age of three and one-half.
		Koko has a tested IQ of between 70 and 95 on a human scale, where 100 is considered "normal." Michael, the male silverback gorilla who grew up with Koko, had a working vocabulary of over 600 signs.
	www.koko.org /world (621 words)

	Koko (gorilla) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Koko (born July 4, 1971, in San Francisco, California) is the name of a captive, acculturated gorilla trained by Dr.
		Koko is short for the name Hanabi-Ko, meaning "fireworks child" in Japanese (a reference to her date of birth, July 4).
		Gorillas and bonobos (a species of chimpanzee) are relatively adept with certain forms of communication, whereas common chimpanzees and orangutans tend toward mastery of manual skills, including brachiation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Koko_(gorilla) (949 words)

	About the Photo - Stanford University School of Medicine
		Using the gesture for pain and pointing to her mouth, Koko recently told her handlers that her level of pain was an eight or nine on a scale of 10.
		Koko has told her handlers over the years that she would like to have a baby, so Chen – performing her first non-human gynecologic exam – was asked to determine whether biological reasons were preventing Koko from conceiving with her partner of 11 years, Ndume.
		According to the Gorilla Foundation, Ndume watched Koko's entire procedure from a window and behaved like a nervous boyfriend, pacing and calling out to her until it was clear that she was fine.
	med.stanford.edu /about_photo/archive/doctors_koko.html (743 words)

	CNN - Koko the Gorilla to take part in Internet 'chat' - April 24, 1998
		Koko the Gorilla is scheduled to take part Monday in what is being called the first ever interspecies chat on the Internet.
		The Central African habitat of the lowland gorillas is threatened by logging and the gorillas themselves are victims of poaching.
		Koko, 26, lives at the Gorilla Institute and has been widely promoted through appearances and the release of a picture book about her and a kitten that lived with her.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/computing/9804/24/gorilla.chat/index.html (416 words)

	CSICOP / News / Questioning Talking Apes and Chimpanzee Memoirs
		Koko, a resident of the Gorilla Foundation in the suburbs of San Francisco, California, has been tutored in modified American sign language for 25 years and reportedly is able to understand close to 2,000 words of spoken English.
		Koko and Patterson moved their efforts to the suburbs of San Francisco in 1979, funding for continued research coming from private donations and exclusive ownership and sale of photos of Koko to magazines.
		Koko's sign language communication may be the mimicking of trainers or a response to innnocent cueing.
	www.csicop.org /articles/koko (1385 words)

	State of the Art Preserve Designed For and By Gorillas
		Koko and Michael often ask for their windows to be covered with drapes to completely separate themselves from the outside activity.
		Gorillas living at the preserve will be given a diet containing large amounts of fibrous vegetation and will be supplemented by the African and Hawaiian plants grown in the gorilla enclosures.
		The study, which was the basis for her thesis on the linguistic capabilities of a lowland gorilla, continues at the Gorilla Foundation with the gorillas Koko and Michael.
	www.psyeta.org /hia/vol8/kranz.html (2835 words)

	USATODAY.com - Koko the gorilla needs a dentist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Koko, who celebrated her 33rd birthday July 4, was due for a checkup.
		While gorillas in captivity are known to live into their 50s, they are susceptible to heart disease and a thickening of the arteries.
		Koko and Ndume, her partner of 11 years (he doesn't "speak"), have been trying unsuccessfully to have a baby, and the doctors thought the checkup could let them know whether she had any biological problems preventing it.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2004-08-09-koko-gorilla_x.htm (517 words)

	Listening to Koko: a gorilla who speaks her mind Commonweal - Find Articles
		This is the story of an embrace: the story of Koko the gorilla, or as she describes herself, "the fine animal gorilla," and Dr. Penny Patterson.
		Koko is a gorilla who understands human language and can sign in response.
		At four months old, she weighed what a gorilla customarily weighs at birth; she was malnourished and suffered from a variety of potentially lethal diseases.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1252/is_12_131/ai_n8569017 (901 words)

	The Official Lewis Grizzard Website - Koko, The Talking Gorilla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The gorilla, a female, had a cat and she played with it and held it and wrapped blankets around it and, apparently, loved it as her own.
		Koko now has a new cat and has stopped grieving over the one that died.
		If I were a gorilla, I would want to be back in the jungle hanging out with my pals and eating bananas in a tree, and if I could talk I would say so.
	www.lewisgrizzard.com /columns/archive/KokoTheTalkingGorilla.html (561 words)

	Women drop sexual harassment suit against Koko the gorilla's caretaker - CourtTV.com - People
		Two women alleged that they were pressured to show their breasts to Koko the gorilla as part of a bonding ritual.
		Former gorilla caretakers Nancy Alperin and Kendra Keller asked for more than $1 million in damages in their sexual discrimination and wrongful termination suit filed in February against the Gorilla Foundation — the Woodside, Calif. nonprofit charged with Koko's care — and Dr. Francine Patterson, the foundation's president and Koko's primary caretaker.
		Alperin and Keller claimed in their suit that Patterson pressured them to "perform bizarre sexual acts with Koko," more specifically — they were told to show Koko their nipples, an act Patterson allegedly described as a bonding ritual that she herself indulged in with the five-foot-tall, 280-pound female lowland gorilla.
	www.courttv.com /people/2005/1125/koko_ctv.html (621 words)

	Women: Caretaker of famous gorilla pressured us to bare our breasts - Courttv.com - People
		Two former caretakers for Koko, the famous gorilla who communicates with humans using sign language, say they were continually pressured to show Koko their breasts or face the consequences.
		Koko, according to Patterson, has expressed a desire to have a baby of her own, and the Foundation is working to build a gorilla preserve in Maui, Hawaii, where Koko, her mate Ndume, and other apes may one day live, and interspecies communication can be studied.
		Keller, who was hired as a research associate and gorilla caregiver in March 2004, claims she was twice asked to show Koko her breasts, alleging that Patterson once told the gorilla, "Koko, you see my nipples all the time.
	www.courttv.com /people/2005/0812/koko_ctv.html (1364 words)

	Floridian: Bad gorilla, Koko! Bad gorilla!
		Three former caretakers for Koko the "talking" gorilla contend in a lawsuit that they were ordered to flash their breasts at the ape to satisfy a simian nipple fetish.
		Koko, a 33-year-old female lowland gorilla, is said to have a working vocabulary of more than 1,000 words in American Sign Language.
		Koko has not commented publicly on the suit, but here are excerpts from an Internet chat with Koko and Penny Patterson from April 28, 1998, which attracted more than 8,000 America Online users.
	www.sptimes.com /2005/03/10/Floridian/Bad_gorilla__Koko_Bad.shtml (454 words)

	Apes & Monkeys
		Koko has introduced numerous innovations during the past year: She has invented signs and names for novel objects; she talks to herself; engages in imaginative play using sign; has used language to lie, to express her emotions and to refer to things displaced in time and space.
		Koko was given one bottle at a time, and instructed to smell and identify it with a name (she was told it could be Ron's, Penny's, Dave's, Michael's or Koko's).
		Koko may have really been having difficulty with the test, or she may simply have been being contrary, because we gave Mike the same test under slightly different conditions which required a pointing rather than a naming response, and he responded correctly on 10 out of 16 trials (chance would have been 5.3).
	www.monkeymaddness.com /apes_monkeys/bbm7.htm (4907 words)

	Apple Learning Interchange 2006 - KokoTV
		Koko was raised and taught by Dr. Penny Patterson, founder of the Gorilla Foundation/Koko.org.
		During the past 30 years, Penny and her staff have developed a very close relationship with Koko and learned that she is an extremely intelligent, emotional and caring being -- and that she has a lot to teach humans about ourselves and our relationship to other species and nature.
		Then we'll launch Koko's Class where you'll be able to participate in regular (monthly) video encounters with Koko in which we'll challenge you to help us interpret what she's saying, doing and thinking, and discuss the lessons learned from Ambassador Koko.
	edcommunity.apple.com /ali/story.php?itemID=545 (371 words)

	Koko the Gorilla: Animal Expert Comments
		Koko was born at the San Francisco Zoo on July 4, 1971, and began working with Francine Patterson (president of the Gorilla Foundation) the following year.
		Koko is currently housed at the Gorilla Foundation which was established in 1976.
		Koko is claimed to have an American Sign Language vocabulary of more than 1,000 according to foundation reports.
	www.arkanimals.com /dlg/gorilla_koko.htm (432 words)

	Ducts.org: Interview with Chris Genoa by Chris Genoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Koko communicates through a modified form of American Sign Language, or ASL, which was taught to her by researchers at The Gorilla Institute in California.
		As an interviewer, Koko is known for not being afraid to ask the tough questions, and for her unique use of one to three word statements.
		Koko has a tested IQ of between 70 and 95 on a human scale, where 100 is considered "normal." While Chris’s IQ has never been formally tested, it is certain that he has, at the very least, mastered the concept of object permanence.
	ducts.org /12_04/html/humor/genoa.htm (1382 words)

	Koko a talking Gorilla
		This moment that would develop into a beautiful story is that of Koko, a gorilla considered to be the most intelligent animal in the world.
		Thirty years later, Koko speaks English, and even if she still doesn’t have an Oxford accent, she understands nearly 2000 words in everyday language, as well as hundreds of expressions in sign language.
		In order to silence scandals that hounded this no ordinary gorilla, Koko took an IQ test wherein she obtained a surprising score of 90 points.
	www.iqtestnow.com /mag/koko.html (381 words)

	NATURE. A Conversation With Koko. All Thumbs \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		When Dr. Francine "Penny" Patterson began teaching Koko sign language, it soon became apparent that gorilla hands were shaping the language in a unique way.
		In particular, gorilla thumbs are smaller than ours, meaning the apes can't make some signs the way a person would.
		Koko's quick grasp of ASL, however, may have been aided by the fact that wild gorillas already appear to have their own form of sign language.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/nature/koko/asl.html (402 words)

	Satya Feb 99: Koko and Michael
		Koko and Michael are two lowland gorillas who currently reside at the Gorilla Foundation in Woodside, California.
		Project Koko is one of the foundation’s most famous projects in which Dr. Francine Patterson and her colleagues embarked on a mission to teach Koko and Michael a modified form of American Sign Language.
		Koko and Michael’s artwork reflects the depth of their perception, interpretation of emotions, and their phenomenal use of color.
	www.satyamag.com /feb99/sat.55.koko.html (137 words)

	Koko, le gorille qui parle (1978) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Once considered a controversial experiment in primate communication, Koko now seems practically human when compared to other gorillas in the wild and that is one of the wry points raised in this candid documentary by Barbet Schroeder, a gifted filmmaker.
		You get to see Koko on off days when she doesn't want to sign with Penny, when she seems bored and restless with her daily routine, or when she rebels against Penny's authority by engaging in minor destructive acts within her living area.
		Her only other exposure to gorillas is Michael, a young ape who is also being trained to communicate using American sign language.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0076278 (513 words)

	Time for Kids \| News \| A Gorilla Gets a Checkup
		The caretakers gave Koko a pain chart to help her explain the pain she was in.
		The 12 doctors that saw Koko removed a tooth and determined that she is in good health.
		Koko was introduced to American Sign Language when she was one-year-old.
	www.timeforkids.com /TFK/news/story/0,6260,680145,00.html (445 words)

	Ann & Thomas Portal
		Koko is a 33 year-old lowland gorilla who learned to speak American Sign Language when she was just a baby.
		Her teacher, Dr. Penny Patterson, began working with Koko as a Ph.D. project at Stanford, thinking it would only be a 4-year study.
		Koko now has a vocabulary of over 1000 signs, and understands even more spoken English.Koko has become famous not only for her language capabilities, but also her heart-warming relationship with kittens (captured in the book Koko's Kitten).
	www.jump-gate.com /atportal/monkey/koko.shtml (210 words)

	TV ACRES: Animals > Simians > Gorillas > Koko the Gorilla
		Koko had appeared with comedian Lili Tomlin on August 28, 1976 NBC program filmed at Stanford University whose scientists, like Dr. Penny Paterson, who trained Koko to talk by using American Sign Language.
		Koko has also made appearances with morning talk shows like TODAY as well as embraced by the welcoming arms of PBS children's show host
		Koko's life was chronicled in the documentary "Koko, a Talking Gorilla." (Criterion) by
	www.tvacres.com /simians_gorillas_koko.htm (128 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Americas \| 'Talking' gorilla demands dentist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		When Koko the gorilla realised she had toothache, she simply called for the dentist.
		After apparently feeling discomfort for a few weeks, she reached the point were she indicated at the number nine on a pain chart mapping the intensity of pain on a scale of one to 10.
		Other than that, Koko, who has an IQ of between 75 and 95, was found to be in good health.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/3548246.stm (292 words)

	NATURE. A Conversation With Koko \| PBS (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Koko the gorilla has been featured in THE NEW YORK TIMES, her face has graced the covers of prestigious magazines, three books have been written about her, and scientists hang on her every word.
		By the human way of reckoning, Koko is surely the world's most accomplished gorilla, having mastered more than 1,000 words in American sign language.
		At The Gorilla Foundation in mountainous Woodside, California, where Koko has lived most of her life with her equally expressive male gorilla companion, Michael, researchers are working to uncover and better understand primate capabilities that once were thought to be exclusively human.
	www.pbs.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wnet/nature/koko (273 words)

	The Gorilla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Gorilla Foundation/Koko.org is establishing a unique preserve for endangered gorillas on west Maui, Hawaii.
		The gorilla families will roam freely within as spacious enclosures as we can construct - spending their days socializing, napping in the sun, playing, foraging through edible vegetation, communicating, reproducing and raising their children.
		It is the property of Ronald Cohn and is used here for the sole purpose of promoting the efforts of the Gorilla Foundation and the welfare of all gorillas.
	www.geocities.com /cattigerli/Gorilla.html (358 words)

	DVDFanatic Review: Koko - A Talking Gorilla
		She communicates through sign language – gorilla vocal chords are ill-equipped for true speech – though portions of the movie in which we watch her at a computer and in “conversation” with her handler, Penny Patterson show that Koko is doing more than simply reproducing hand movements that she’s learned.
		The gorilla is a marvel to behold; a living, breathing example of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution at work.
		The footage of Koko was originally captured for use in a background documentary on a fiction film that got as far as securing a top-line producer (Saul Zaentz) and screenwriter (Sam Shepard).
	www.dvdfanatic.com /review.php?id=koko (1158 words)

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