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Topic: Kokutai

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	Famous Aircraft of the World A5M Claude
		Kokutai, Kitahata was assigned to the 12th Ku in July 1937.
		Kokutai and participated in the attack on Calcutta in December.
		Shigema Yoshitomi, a buntaicho in the in 12th Kokutai in 1938.
	www.j-aircraft.com /translations/faow/faow_a5m.htm (3464 words)

	Kokutai - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The kokutai was the national government that based the Japanese system on the supreme authority of the Emperor.
		The center of the kokutai framework was put down in the Kojiki.
		It should be noted that the Emperor, particularly through the early stages of the Meiji period, had little to no involvement in the government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kokutai (304 words)

	Tuesday, June 6, 2000
		kokutai?” Prime Minister Mori so asked in Nara City as he touched on the possibility of the Minshuto (Democratic Party of Japan) joining hands with the Japan Communist Party (JCP), which does not acknowledge the Emperor system, Self-Defense Forces, or the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty.
		Kokutai was support for the military’s foreign invasion as well as for domestic public peace by police.
		Kokutai” means that if the JCP joins the ruling camp, it may overthrow the Constitution (Secretary General Fuyushiba).
	www.usc.edu /libraries/archives/dsjp/summaries/2000/June/SM000606.htm (3707 words)

	Contemporary Issues in Japanese Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Known as kokutai, a Chinese term appropriated in the early 19th century, it explained the "national essence" in which "religious, political, and familistic ideals are indissolubly merged" (Bellah 1957, Brown 1971).
		Kokutai became part of the practices and institutions of a social matrix in which individuals found themselves.
		Just as pre-war kokutai philosophy formulated a forward-looking stance for the good of the national family in realizing their "sacred" calling, the years of rapid industrialization in the 1950's and 60's were dedicated to a (foreign instituted) state and constitutionally-controlled image of the future.
	inic.utexas.edu /asnic/countries/japan/contemissuesinjapsocieties.html (4419 words)

	Significance of the discussion of kokutai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Inoue incident of 1926: professor of law who argued the emperor was not divine but his role served as head of the national polity (organ theory).
		Unity of the definition of the kokutai was crucial in maintaining obedience to imperial rule.
		The contrasting definitions of kokutai showed the rise of individualism and democracy, as well as party politics, which all meant national division.
	www.indiana.edu /~hisdcl/h207_2002/bix2.htm (292 words)

	Untitled Document
		Yes, the Kokutai is the key issue, because it is often used as an excuse to limit the participation of foreign athletes in other leagues and tournaments, and it affects all sports in Japan.
		Since qualifying tournaments follow the same rules as the Kokutai, athletes who are not Japanese citizens are restricted or excluded from participating in sports at all levels of competition.
		Since 1961, when the Kokutai was made an official annual event under the Sports Promotion Law, the Kokutai has been sponsored jointly by the Japan Amateur Sports Association, the Ministry of Education, and the host prefecture.
	www.zmag.org /japanwatch/0302-shukert.html (2016 words)

	Genda's Blade: Japan's Squadron of Aces: 343 Kokutai
		The 343 Kokutai pilots flew single-engined Kawanishi N1K2-J Shiden-Kai ("violet lightning-improved" in Japanese) fighters, which performed impressively in battle in comparison to other fighters such as the Zero.
		The Introduction states that 88 pilots from the 343 Kokutai died in battle (Appendix lists 91 names of pilots killed in action), and many individual chapters on major battles provide figures on planes downed and casualties for each side.
		The 343 Kokutai had the task of trying to clear the way for kamikaze planes as they flew from southern Kyushu to Okinawa during the Kikusui operations in which large numbers of suicide planes sortied in ten separate attacks from April 6 to June 22, 1945.
	wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu /kamikaze/books/related/sakaida (615 words)

	Japanese biplane fighter aces - Toshio Kuro-iwa
		On 25 February 1938 35 land-based G3M2s from the IJNAF escorted by 18 Japanese A5Ms from the 12th and 13th Kokutais attacked Nanchang.
		PO2c Koizumi of the 12th Kokutai flew as a shotai leader and claimed his first two enemy fighters (of a total of 13 — 2 in China).
		In the spring of 1938 Kuro-iwa was attached to the 12th Kokutai.
	surfcity.kund.dalnet.se /japan_kuro-iwa.htm (675 words)

	Japan's Surrender and Redefinition of the Kokutai - Events - Institute of East Asian Studies, UC Berkeley
		What Japan's leaders meant by kokutai remained unclear until intense debates took place triggered by the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6th and the Soviet entry into the war on August 14th.
		Advocates of peace successfully challenged the prevailing mythical view of the kokutai as a national essence that transcended the mere political structure surrounding the emperor.
		In so doing, they jettisoned two of the most crucial features of the kokutai: the emperor's monopoly of the military command and the notion of the emperor as a living god.
	ieas.berkeley.edu /events/2003.10.27.html (224 words)

	Why Did the Japanese Delay Surrendering?
		But "kokutai clarification campaigns" intimidated people and instilled a sense of crisis such that no one dared to publicly question the emperor's rescripts on national affairs: they were sacred and inviolable just as he was.
		With defeat imminent, Japan's leaders feared that without the imperial house, the state and their own power would be devalued and diminished in the eyes of the people, and that the state would ultimately disintegrate.
		But for all who participated in the last imperial conferences that produced the surrender decision, kokutai meant a sovereign, politically empowered monarchy based on the orthodox State Shinto view of the state, in which the people existed to assist the imperial destiny.
	hnn.us /articles/12947.html (2183 words)

	Second World War Books Review
		Even more so than JV44, the records of 343 Kokutai failed to survive the war (Genda ordered them burned in August 1945), and—as with the Luftwaffe pilots—the number of surviving Japanese veterans of the unit has dwindled, making it very difficult to assemble a comprehensive unit history.
		Although the broader, ongoing history of 343 Kokutai is charted throughout the book, the bulk of the material in most chapters covers air-to-air action.
		The chapters are complemented by technical drawings, ten gorgeous color profiles of 343 Kokutai aircraft (by Shigeru Nohara and Tom Tullis), two pages of "re-enactment" photos of airplane models, and a page with photos of tropical service dress and flight gear.
	stonebooks.com /archives/030413.shtml (1695 words)

	YellowHammer YHD48030 decal review
		The second aircraft is a N1K2-J Shiden-Kai # 343-B-20 of 343 Kokutai, Hikotai 407 in March 1945.
		The red national insignias on the fuselage have a dark border and the white #20 on the centre.
		The fourth aircraft is a N1K2-J Shiden-Kai # 343-A-02 flown by Lt. Masai Matsumura of 343 Kokutai from Matsuyama Airfield in March, 1945.
	www.aircraftresourcecenter.com /Rev1/501-600/Rev561_YHD48030/rev561.htm (519 words)

	FAOW B5N Kate
		Note that this machine is wearing 2 tail stripes which during the war generally marked a buntaicho or squadron leader's plane.
		KEB-306" is a Type 3 from the 931 Kokutai in June 1944.
		O-ki -303" is from the Okinawa Kokutai in June 1945.
	www.j-aircraft.com /translations/faow/faow_b5n_kate.htm (1400 words)

	Genda's Blade:343 Kokutai -Japan's Squadron of Aces - by Henry Saikaida
		Captain Minoru Genda was the mastermind behind the raid on Pearl Harbor.
		He was commander of the 343 Kokutai-an elite unit of handpicked pilots chosen to fly Japans newest and most advanced fighter, the Shiden-Kai (George), in the bitter defensive air battles over the Japanese homeland during the first half of 1945.
		The authors have spent years tracing and interviewing former pilots of both the 343 Kokutai and the American carrier and bomber groups that they encountered, to piece together this dramatic story and tell it largely from the personal perspective.
	www.motorbooks.com /ProductDetails_10515.ncm (293 words)

	Marc's Air Force / Dauntless site
		The Japanese aircraft are 20 G3M “Nells” from the Kisarazu Kokutai organized in four Shotai of five planes, flying at 900m.
		Twelve A5Ms led by Lieutenant Shichitaro Yamashita of the 13th Kokutai participated in the first air attack on Nanking as escort for the 17 carrier bombers commanded by Lieutenant Commander Tetsujiro Wada.
		On 24 October one Hirosho G2H1 of the Kisarazu Kokutai caught fire during engine start and blew up (it was armed with 3 x 250kg, 5 x 60kg and 5 x 50kg bombs) and the resulting explosions destroyed four other G2H1s, leaving only one G2H1 left and this was also badly damaged.
	members.cox.net /bosco.bina1/afd/missions.htm (4367 words)

	Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force Overview - Order of Battle, Maps, Squadrons, Badges, Photo's, Air bases, Database ...
		Four Kokutai's being the 121 and 123 Kokutai at Tateyama and the 122 and 124 Kokutai at Omura are all assigned to various types of destroyers and frigates.
		Until recently nine operational squadrons as well as one test squadron (51 Kokutai) and one training squadron (203 Kyoiku Kokutai) operated the P-3, however one (8 Kokutai) was disbanded in March 2001.Unfortunately the days that the Orions were in the attractive colourscheme with full colour squadrons markings as shown on this picture are history.
		Three Kokutai are still operating the Sea King being assigned to three Regional District Headquarters being the Ominato Kokutai, the Komatsushima Kokutai and the Omura Kokutai.
	www.scramble.nl /mil/2/jasdf/jmsdf-orbat.htm (1493 words)

	Chinese biplane fighter aces - Liu Chung-Wu
		The escorts were from the 12th and 13th Kokutais and led by Lieutenant Takashi Kaneko of the 12th Kokutai.
		It would appear that it was the 12th Kokutai A5Ms led by Lieutenant Kaneko that attacked Captain Lee and the first two flights of the 22nd PS.
		In addition one A5M from the 13th Kokutai was damaged and the pilot, NAP3c Airora Sao, badly injured.
	surfcity.kund.dalnet.se /china_chung-wu.htm (3538 words)

	Book Review: Genda's Blade 343 Kokutai
		Many are familiar with the Luftwaffe's JV-44, but far fewer are aware of the Imperial Navy's equivalent, the 343rd Kokutai, commanded by Captain Minoru Genda.
		The authors have spent years researching and interviewing former pilots of both the 343 Kokutai, to present one of the most comprehensive accounts of this unit ever written, and the only account in english.
		Finally, for those interested in wrecks, one of the book's final chapters deals with the 1978 discovery and recovery of one of the 343rd's George aircraft, from an underwater resting place, where it ditched off Jyoen Hisayoshi Bay during the war.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /reviews/gendasblade.html (448 words)

	A6M2 Zero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The antiquated Type 96 Claude fighters were assigned to the Chitose Kokutai.
		The Tainan Kokutai was gradually replenished with Zeros, the first six being assigned from carrier Shoho, and arriving in Rabaul on 17th February 1942.
		This is the early part of the war - when groundcrew wore well-pressed clothes and caps - and hardships were few.
	www.pacificghosts.com /photos/wwii/a6m.html (454 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Tainan Kokutai complement to the 22nd Air Flotilla fighter unit made ready to depart their Tainan, Taiwan (Formosa) air base on 26 November 1941.
		Tainan Kokutai records were examined and interviews of surviving veterans were conducted by Japanese historian Juzo Nakamura.
		According to this source, the Tainan Kokutai buntaicho (squad leader), Lt Inano, accompanied the fighter unit C.O., Commander Yamada, and the unit air officer, Lt. Commander Shigehachiro Koro, in a transport plane bound for Saigon ahead of the main group.
	www.j-aircraft.com /research/WarPrizes.htm (2753 words)

	Submarine Store - submarine facts and submarine history - lost submarines - submarine losses
		Argonaut (APS-1) 10 Jan 43 105 killed Sunk by aircraft (582d Kokutai) and Japanese destroyers Isokaze and Maikaze southeast of New Britain in Solomon Sea.
		Grampus (SS-207) Feb or Mar 43 71 killed Sunk either by Japanese naval aircraft (958th Kokutai) southeast of New Britain on 19 February or by destroyer Minegumo in Blackett Strait on the night of 5-6 March.
		Capelin (SS-289) Nov 43 78 killed Sunk by unknown causes, either Japanese aircraft (934 Kokutai) and minelayer Wanatake, a Japanese mine in the northern Celebes, or perhaps a hull defect reported prior to her departure from Darwin.
	www.submarinestore.com /stories/facts-loses.htm (1633 words)

	Hozumi Yatsuka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The general and also broad meaning of kokutai has already been discussed in the previous paragraph.
		And the form of kokutai is also important for the kind of constitution a country has.
		In his view is democracy the characteristic of European kokutai while the Japanese kokutai is a monarchical one.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hozumi_Yatsuka (548 words)

	USS Marblehead - The Aircraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The aircraft that attacked the Allied Group belonged to the Kanoya Kokutai and the TakaoKokutai.
		There were 27 Mitsubishi G4M1 Model 2's (codename "Betty") bombers belonging to the Kanoya Kokutai.
		One source states that the aircraft that actually attacked the USS Marblehead were seven G3M2 "Nells" of the Takao Kokutai.
	hometown.aol.com /ussmarblehead/The_Aircraft/the_aircraft.html (88 words)

	The 101st Kokutai
		During a joint co-op mission between the 343rd Kokutai and the 101st Kokutai on Sunday 12th June 2005.
		Ku101-Ink ensured the safe return of the surviving member of the 343rd kokutai (koenig), and then responded to a call for help from the red flight of the 101st Kokutai, and despite facing a numerically superior force, managed to provide help and ensure the safe return of red flight as well.
		Ku101-Ink demonstrated his excellent gunnery skills, throughout the mission, by shooting down 7 enemy aircraft, and demonstrated his commitment to the team by bringing everyone that he could, home.
	101stkokutai.dogfighters.net /ink.htm (173 words)

	A Repaint for Akemi's A6M2b-t - Sim-Outhouse Forums
		It is for the aircraft of Lt.Shingo, Flight Commanding Officer (Hikotai-cho) of Tainan Kokutai, who led all flights of Tainan's Zeros at the beginning of the war.
		These two Kokutais were main stay IJN fighter forces, flying from Taiwan to Philippine airfields at the intial stages of the war.
		The first 343 Kokutai was equipped with Zeros and disbanded in July 1944 before the second one was formed in December 1944 as N1K2 Fighter Kokutai.
	www.sim-outhouse.com /sohforums/showthread.php?p=288201 (2907 words)

	Surrender
		The emperor announced the surrender, citing importance of protecting the imperial regalia (jade, sword, bronze mirror that were supposed to have been brought to Japan by Nininji, grandson of the sun goddess Amaterasu.) and the Japanese people's lives.
		Hirohito's appointment of the Higashikuni cabinet, using his (moderate) uncle to achieve a defense of the prewar and wartime kokutai (national polity) through a quick reform, including giving freedom of speech to the Japanese, disarmament, and Westernization.
		The decision of MacArthur to keep the emperor as continuity in reform and the Japanese administration's decision to keep the emperor in order to maintain the kokutai coincided in their decision on the emperor.
	www.indiana.edu /~hisdcl/h207_2002/bix5.htm (625 words)

	Håkans Aviation page — Sino-Japanese Air War 1940 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In May the bomber daitai of the 14th Kokutai was temporarily transferred to Hankou for use in the attacks on Szechwan Province.
		After the occupation of northern French Indochina the fighter daitai of 14th Kokutai moved to Hanoi on 7 October together with the bomber daitai of the 15th Kokutai to participate in the operation to cut off the supply line to the Chinese forces.
		On 12 December seven A6Ms from the 14th Kokutai led by army reconnaissance aircraft flew 340 miles to the Siangyun airfield and set fire 22 enemy aircraft on the ground by strafing.
	user.bahnhof.se /~surfcity/sino-japanese-1940.htm (5920 words)

	Japanese Ground Self-Defence Force Overview - Order of Battle, Maps, Squadrons, Badges, Photo's, Air bases, Database ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The aircraft serve with the headquarter flights of the five regional armies as well as the Koku Gakko, the 1 Herikoputadan and the 101 Kokutai at Naha with a UE of two aircraft per unit.
		The 4 Taisensha Herikoputatai is part of the Tobu Homen Kokutai and reporting to the Tobu Homentai.
		This aircraft wears the 'E' code on its nose indicating that this aircraft is from the Tobu Homen Kokutai Honbu Zukitai.
	members.chello.nl /m.molen3/mil/9/jasdf/jgsdf-orbat.htm (1464 words)

	genda's_blade_henry_sakaida_air_war_classics
		Genda's Blade : Japan's Squadron of Aces 343 Kokutai by Henry Sakaida and Koji Takaki is another recently published book that I've been reading.
		There is a very short section in the appendix on the color scheme of the Shidens flown by the "Squadron of Aces", but it basically comes down to green or grey or green over bare metal.
		Genda's Blade : Japan's Squadron of Aces 343 Kokutai by Henry Sakaida and Koji Takaki is published by Classic Publications, 9x12 inch hardcover format, 208 pages, numerous photographs with ten color aircraft profiles, appendix, Japanese and American bibliography and index.
	www.rollmodels.net /nbookreview/classicpubs/gendasblade/gendasblade.php (663 words)

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