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Topic: Kola Norwegians

	Kola Norwegians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kola Norwegians were Norwegian settlers along the coastline of the Russian Kola Peninsula.
		On 23 June 1940 Lavrenty Beria of the NKVD ordered the Murmansk Oblast, encompassing the Kola Peninsula, to be cleaned of "foreign nationals": The entire Norwegian population was deported from the Kola Peninsula for resettlement in the Karelo-Finnish SSR.
		In the course of the Spring of 1942, a large proportion of the Kola Norwegians died of starvation and malnutrition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kola_Norwegians (438 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Finnmark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Finnmark borders the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and to the north and northeast is the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean).
		Finnmark was initially a Norwegian colony, but became an integrated part of the Kingdom in the early part of the 19th century, when it was elevated to Amt (county).
		Traditionally, the Norwegians lived on the coast, where they made up the majority, and the Sami people was in majority in the interior part of Finnmark, while the fjord areas were mixed.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Finnmark (2424 words)

	Norwegians Creation @ AnomalousPhenomenon.com (Anomalous Phenomenon) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The vast majority of the religious Norwegians are nominally Lutherans, in Norway proper society is highly secularized and church-attendance low.
		The Norwegians are a Scandinavian ethnic group, and the primary descendants of the Norse (along with the Swedes, Danes, Icelanders and Faroese).
		Approximately 47,000 of these consider Norwegian to be their sole or primary ancestry, and another 316,000 are of partial Norwegian ancestry.
	www.anomalousphenomenon.com /encyclopedia/Norwegians (501 words)

	Kola Peninsula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The west border of the Kola Peninsula stretches along a meridian from the Kola Gulf through the Imandra Lake, Kola Lake, and the Niva River to the Kandalaksha Gulf.
		The Kola peninsula is extremely rich in various ores and minerals, including apatites, alumina sources, iron ore, mica, ceramic raw, titanium ore, phlogopite, and vermiculite, as well as ores of less-common and colored metals.
		The Kola Superdeep Borehole which is the deepest borehole in the world, is located here also, near the Norwegian border.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kola_Peninsula (520 words)

	Norway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Norway, or officially the Kingdom of Norway (Norwegian: Kongeriket Norge or Kongeriket Noreg) is a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering Sweden, Finland and Russia.
		The Norwegians settled on Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and parts of the British Islands and attempted to settle at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada (it is the Vinland of The Saga of Eric the Red).
		The Norwegian climate is fairly temperate, especially along the coast under the influence of the Gulf Stream.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norway (3515 words)

	Norway Theme @ LaunchBase.com (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Norwegian Rollo invaded and was ceded Normandy by the West Frankish king Charles the Simple in 911.
		Norway is bounded for its entire length by seas of the North Atlantic Ocean: the North Sea to the southwest and its large inlet the Skagerrak to the south, the Norwegian Sea to the west, and the Barents Sea to the northeast.
		Nevertheless, all of the Norwegian dialects are interintelligible.
	www.launchbase.com /encyclopedia/Norway (3205 words)

	Tension primes nuclear time bomb in the Russian Arctic
		The Norwegians responded with an immediate donation of more than $500,000 to be added to the large quantities of food and clothing already donated by churches and charities.
		The Kola is home to 18 percent of the world's nuclear reactors and has their highest concentration anywhere.
		Though a civilian nuclear power plant in Kola, considered as dangerous as Chernobyl, has finally been made safer with western help, a new generator was held on the border for two years because the Russians tried to charge tax on it.
	www.lightparty.com /Misc/RussianNuke.html (1359 words)

	UD - Norge og Russland engelsk
		the growth of Norwegian fishing, whaling and sealing activity in Russian waters and the gradual spread of Norwegian “colonists” along the Russian Murman coast – was similarly perceived as a “Norwegian threat”.
		But the Norwegians were becoming increasingly convinced that the Swedes were using the “Russian threat” as a scare tactic to keep Norway within the union, and that it probably had little foundation in fact.
		The persecutions that followed in the 1930s took a heavy toll on the Norwegian community – at least 15 were shot after summary trials or died of disease or starvation in Stalin’s prison camps.
	odin.dep.no /ud/english/doc/handbooks/032001-990667/ram002-bu.html (1085 words)

	The Sami of Norway - ExploreNorth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		To begin with, the spreading of Norwegians to the north was generally at the initiative of petty kings and rich farmers who were also engaged in fishing.
		In several meetings, Norwegian agricultural authorities and the Sami Parliament have developed a shared viewpoint that employment in agriculture and other primary industries will continue to be essential to the rural social life which ensures Sami culture, and which provides the basis for its transfer to future generations.
		The Norwegian Official Report (NOU 1984:18), concerning the legal rights of the Sami, and the Act concerning the Sami Parliament and other legal matters pertaining to the Sami (the Sami Act) of 12 June 1987 were passed in accordance with this report.
	www.explorenorth.com /library/culture/sami-norway.html (5506 words)

	HISTORY FINLAND: Finland from ice age to WW2. Finnish people.
		The arctic held a bounty of treasures such as Walrus and Sable furs, and Walrus ivory, which the Norwegians were after, and the reason why they traveled to the Arctic shores of the White Sea/Barents region beginning in 870.
		Norwegian traders stopped coming to this area in 1222 and inhabitants (with various names) from the east side of Lake Onega began moving West.
		The Norwegian Ottar states that the language of the Bjarm and Saamis were of the same type.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/3818/kola.htm (1999 words)

	How Secure is NATO's Northern Cap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Its unusual geography, the size and strength of the Soviet military in the area, the Norwegian forces available to counter the threat, the destabilizing political problems of the region, and the ability of NATO to assist northern Norway--all combine to suggest that the situation in the northern cap is a potentially volatile one.
		Norwegians proclaim that their foreign policy is characterized by the "desire of the people to live in peace and friendly cooperation with others." This desire is supported by two themes: protection of human rights and preservation of democratic ideals.
		The Norwegians contend that the Soviet Union has alternate reasons for the number of miners--that is, the Soviets do not really need the coal but use the mining foothold to maintain a presence on Spitsbergen for some future use.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1984/sep-oct/russell.html (3818 words)

	Norwaves Volume 3, Number 37, 1995
		The Norwegian Government is contemplating taking sharply to task the countries that have reduced their contributions.
		A QUIET REVOLUTION (Aftenposten/Klassekampen) Since recalcitrant Norwegian authorities were compelled to bow to EEA rules, the Vinmonopol (the state wine and spirits monopoly) executives presented the blueprint for a totally new organizational structure yesterday.
		UNSUCCESSFUL NORWEGIAN AID PROJECTS (Aftenposten) A recent report on the effect of Norwegian aid, commissioned by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), concludes that much of the aid provided by Norway over the past 30 years has gone to projects that have not produced results.
	www.norwaves.com /norwaves/Volume3_1995/v3nw37.html (4177 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Norway has leading-edge vessels and equipment for oil field service
		"Norwegians had to have that competence for anyone to be able to live here." But today, aboard the Norwegian ship Blue Marlin, it is another seafaring people -- the Latvians -- who run the show.
		The Norwegian vessels that went to the aid of the Russian navy after the Kursk disaster were developed for the offshore oil industry.
		The Regalia is owned by the Norwegian company ProSafe, is under contract to the American concern Halliburton, flies a Bahamas' flag, was built in Sweden in 1985 and has a mainly Swedish and British crew.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/nte04869.htm (745 words)

	>Lapland Forest Damage Project: Air quality and deposition
		The impact on Lapland of the emissions from the Kola Peninsula is at its worst in the eastern part of the Inari region.
		Depositions of nickel and copper have risen dramatically in the vicinity of the Kola Peninsula smelters.
		This is due to the fact that the sulphuric acid formed from the sulphur dioxide does not become diluted in the atmosphere because of lack of ammonium.
	www.metla.fi /julkaisut/muut/elproj/chapt3.html (1317 words)

	Kola Peninsula on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		KOLA PENINSULA [Kola Peninsula], peninsula, c.50,000 sq mi (129,500 sq km), NW European Russia, in Murmansk region.
		Forming an eastern extension of the Scandinavian peninsula, it lies between the Barents Sea to the north and the White Sea to the south.
		Near Murmansk is the ancient town of Kola, founded in 1264 by Slavs from Novgorod.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/K/KolaP1eni.asp (325 words)

	Bjarmaland - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Norwegian merchant Ottar (Ohthere) related for king Alfred the Great that he had passed the North Cape and after several days' voyage he arrived at a great river, the Dvina.
		In 1217, two Norwegian traders arrived in Biarmland to buy pelts; one of the traders continued further south to pass through Russia in order to arrive in the Holy Land, where he intended to take part in the Crusades.
		This caused Norwegian officials to perform a campaign of retribution into Biarmland which they pillaged in 1222.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/wiki/Biarmland (980 words)

	August 20, 1998: A trek above the Arctic Circle in search of a special fish
		The fly-fishing traffic between June and September is heavy because the Kola draws the largest Atlantic salmon runs in the world.
		Of the 8 or 10 fishable drainages on the Kola, the Ponoi is the most famous, the standard of measure since the region opened to sport fishing during the late 80s.
		The high water created from late-July rains across the Kola was not typical for the season but this apparent setback might have been a plus.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/outdoors/doggett/doggett980820.html (1664 words)

	Marine Corps Roles And Missions A Case For Specialization
		In 1984, forward-basing of Backfire bombers on the Kola Penninsula was reported for the first time.15 These aircraft, with an unrefueled combat radius of 4000 kilometers, are capable of operating well into the North Atlantic Ocean, south and west of the GIUK Gap.
		While the Kola Penninsula, per se, is of critical importance to the Soviets, it is the seas adjacent to that land area that must be available to the Soviet Northern Fleet to ensure that their goals, whether offensive or defensive, can be met.
		Given this condition, it is not implausible to imagine the Soviets "testing" the resolve of the Norwegians or, more importantly, their NATO allies.28 It could also derive from Soviet justification stemming from offensive activity in other regions, or as a preemptive move in anticipation of aggressive actions in other theaters of operation.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1987/CJA.htm (14186 words)

	Nordic Culture > Finns and Sami in Michigan - Scandinavica.com
		Where once the down-trodden miners and fishermen were seeking solace behind bottles of intoxicants and other unsavory life-choices, the newly "awakened" were now shunning all manner of unclean living such as the consumption of alcohol and gambling, as well as the trappings of worldliness.
		In 1864 a Norwegian, Christian Tafte was commissioned by the Calumet Mining Company to recruit experienced miners from the copper mines of Alten and Roros in northern Norway.
		In 1876 the Norwegians, Swedes and Finns of the Copper Country formed a united congregation.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/world/copper.htm (2065 words)

	Nordic nations fear unrest may spread from Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Finns and Norwegians earn perhaps 30 times more than their Kola neighbors, in addition to having generous education, health and welfare services.
		In 1996, a report by the Norwegian environmental group Bellona said about two-thirds of the nuclear waste ever dumped in the world's oceans lies off the Kola.
		Murmansk, on a long bay near the middle of the Kola, is the biggest city anywhere in the Arctic.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/98/07/26/silvercurtain.2-0.html (561 words)

	Pravda.RU:Norwegian Parliamentary Delegation Arrives in Murmansk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Norwegian MPs will also visit the Kola nuclear power plant, the Pechenganikel plant and the Radon enterprise which stores industrial and domestic radioactive waste.
		The issue will be discussed during their visit to the Polar Fishing Institute and the Kola scientific centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
		The Norwegian delegation was interested in the ecological details of the project, as large tankers with oil will pass along their coast.
	newsfromrussia.com /region/2003/03/12/44315_.html (238 words)

	Charities: Norwegian help to Russia
		Norwegian people do a lot of humanitarian work, and not every initiative is represented on the Web.
		Sverres hjemmeside - a Norwegian man living in St. Petersburg helps orphan home in Sjeksna and organizes tours for Norwegian tourists that support this charity.
		Prosjekt Klimovichi - Norwegians from Halden help the Ukrainian town of Klimovichi affected by the Chernobyl disaster (inactive?).
	www.russia.no /charities (334 words)

	BJARM: Ancient Finnish Tribes of Europe and Asia
		The arctic held a bounty of treasures such as Walrus and Sable furs, and Walrus ivory, which Norwegians wanted, and the reason why they traveled to the Arctic shores of the White Sea/Barents region beginning in 870.
		The Slavs began their travels into this region early in the second millennium, but the various Finnish tribes had been successful in chasing them away from their land.
		Culturally, the Bjarm and Vepsä are connected eastward in the sense that they tended to use dogs as draught animals, and as Adam Bremen states, "also used in battle." The use of dogs as draught animals comes all the way from northern Siberia and the uncharted Bjarm lands, westward.
	uralica.com /kola.htm (2359 words)

	LAPLAND - LoveToKnow Article on LAPLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		On a few of the lakes wood-fired steam-launches are used in conncxion with the timber trade which is considerable, as practically the whole region is forested Between the lakes all journeying is made on foot.
		At length in I326atreaty was concluded between Norway and Russia by which the supremacy of the Norwegians over the Lapps was recognized as far east as Voljo beyond Kandalax on the White Sea, and the supremacy of the Russians over the Karelians as far as Lyngen and the Mlself.
		The example set by the early Norwegians was followed by the Swedes: a peculiar class of adventurers known as the Birkarlians (from Bjork or Birk, trade) began in the 13th century to farm the Lapps, and, receiving very extensive privileges from the kings, grew to great wealth and influence.
	www.1911ency.org /L/LA/LAPLAND.htm (4406 words)

	sami (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the first quarter of the XIV century the Kola peninsula was “discovered” by the Norwegians.
		In the XV century the Norwegians divided the Kola Sami into four groups - Kontchan, Ter, Lesheu and the Wild (not baptized).
		The Kola Sami have 4 dialects - Notozersky, Babinky, Iokan’gsky and Kildinsky.
	www.indigenous.ru /english/people/e_sami.htm (260 words)

	Kirovsk: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The city is the center of a mining complex that produces apatite and nephelite, raw materials for the superphosphate and aluminum industries.
		...Kola Peninsula, where there are large apatite and nephelite reserves in the Khibiny Mountains 53 near the new city of Kirovsk.
		The city is the center of a mining complex that...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/kirovsk.jsp?l=K&p=2 (462 words)

	Russia
		Norwegian assistance to the Kola power plant has been financial and technical.
		In February 1997, Norwegian Foreign Minister Bjorn Tore Godal announced a plan for new Russian-Norwegian nuclear cooperation for 1997-1998.[3] By this time Norway had begun to envision other potential means of nuclear assistance to Russia.
		In addition to continued support for safety programs at the Kola nuclear power plant, the Norwegians are planning to aid in the construction in Murmansk of a treatment plant for low-grade nuclear waste.
	www.nti.org /db/nisprofs/russia/forasst/intnatl/norway.htm (539 words)

	BakuSun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The VIP concert was the last of a series given by Norwegian musicians visiting the city Sept. 28—Oct. 6, as part of the Baku’s Festival of National Music, Oct. 1—5, which featured musicians from as far away as South America.
		In addition to these performers Norwegian opera singer Ann Helen Moen took part in the festival as well as 45 Scandinavian amateur choir singers.
		Statoil, Radisson SAS, Lufthansa and the Norwegian embassy in Baku sponsored the participation of the four professional Norwegian participants, while the choir singers covered their own costs.
	www.bakusun.az:8100 /cgi-bin/ayten/bakusun/show.cgi?code=3215 (319 words)

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