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Topic: Kolbeinsey

	GEOLOGY AND EROSION OF KOLBEINSEY
		To the east and west of the islet the slope is fairly steep down to 300-400 m depth whereas in the north to south direction of the ridge the depth is somewhat less.
		The islet of Kolbeinsey has been known to exist from the early history of this country, and it is referred to in The Book of Settlement as well as in one of the sagas.
		Kolbeinsey rests on an approximately 4 km broad rock basemant and at 500 m distance to the northwest of the islet there is a shallow rock.
	www.os.is /~ah/kolbeinsey/kolb_ensk.html (2908 words)

	Kolbeinsey Ridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It is a slow-spreading ridge with an estimated asymmetric spreading of 10mm/year.
		Kolbeinsey Ridge is cut by two major transform faults, the Spar Fracture Zone and the 70.8 Fracture Zone, and is thus divided into three segments, the Southern Kolbeinsey Ridge (SKR0, the Northern Kolbeinsey Ridge (NKR), and the Central Kolbeinsey Ridge (CKR).
		A submarine eruption or dike intrusion on Aug. 30, 1999 was identified by seismic events at the Vedurstofa Islands along the Kolbeinsey Ridge south of the Spar Fracture Zone.
	users.bendnet.com /bjensen/volcano/atlantic/north-kolbeinridge.html (183 words)

	Jónas Hallgrímsson: Kolbeinn's Isle
		Totally without vegetation and very hazardous to land on, Kolbeinsey is constantly being whittled away by marine erosion --- the combined action of surf, frost, and drift-ice --- and is now very much smaller than it was when first measured in 1616.
		This incident is described circumstantially in the "Kolbeinsey Verses" ("Kolbeinseyjarvísur")
		For instance it was claimed that the Hvanndalir brothers had died on Kolbeinsey.
	www.library.wisc.edu /etext/Jonas/Kolbeinsey/Kolbeinsey.html (2042 words)

	Part 2: Regional Crustal Structure
		Events from the Kolbeinsey Ridge and Myrdalsjokull have clear mantle arrivals (Pn and Sn) which constrain the sub-Moho compressional and shear wave velocities.
		The exception is the S phase from Kolbeinsey Ridge and Myrdalsjokull, which were picked from the low-pass filtered seismograms.
		Mantle-refracted phases (Pn and Sn) are detected from Myrdalsjokull and the Kolbeinsey Ridge.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /users/menke/b96/part2.html (973 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Kolbeinsey Ridge \| Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A submarine eruption was reported in 1372 near the Kolbeinsey Ridge NW of Grimsey Island.
		Kolbeinsey Island, the only subaerial expression of this portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is a small, rapidly eroding island that formed during the late-Pleistocene or Holocene.
		The Kolbeinsey Hydrothermal Field lies south of the island.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1705-01= (211 words)

	AW2002 Abstract: Rytter
		With the exception of the shallower regions, the shelf and slope area of North Iceland may faunistically be divided into a western and an eastern part with the submarine Kolbeinsey Ridge forming a shallow barrier on the northernmost part of the north Icelandic shelf.
		Further north in the AIW region, the western side of the Kolbeinsey Ridge is dominated by M. barleeanus and Nonionellina labradorica, with T. fluens, Islandiella norcrossi, Globobulimina auriculata arctica and Pullenia bulloides as accessory species.
		On the eastern side of the Kolbeinsey Ridge, the NSDW region is highly dominated by agglutinated foraminifera, especially S. difflugiformis.
	www.colorado.edu /INSTAAR/ArcticWS/get_abstr.html?id=19 (535 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Changes in the environment during periods of variable sea-level and possible circulation blockage due to the emerged Kolbeinsey Ridge are therefore anticipated, particularly during the Glacial Maximum, the Lateglacial and the early Holocene.
		The preservation of several Holocene tephra markers and the biozonation allow high-resolution comparisons and correlations with terrestrial and ice record data in the North Atlantic region and an extension of the lateglacial and Holocene tephrochronology of Iceland into the marine environment.
		These values are lower than observed to the west of the Kolbeinsey Ridge and closer to Iceland.
	www.hi.is /~jeir/28_arctic.html (570 words)

	Jan Mayen abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cenozoic oceanic crust north of Iceland contains an active spreading centre (the Kolbeinsey Ridge), an extinct spreading centre with pronounced apparent curvature (the Aegir Ridge), and an intervening continental fragment (the Jan Mayen microcontinent).
		From chron 17 to chron 6 time, stepwise northward propagation of the Kolbeinsey Ridge was balanced by stepwise northward retreat of active spreading on the Aegir Ridge, with the propagating and dying ridge tips linked by fracture zones.
		The initiation of the Kolbeinsey Ridge was intimately linked with the change of spreading azimuth at chron 18-17 time, which acted to lock the transform system that had previously connected the southern tip of the Aegir Ridge with the northern end of the Reykjanes Ridge.
	www.casp.cam.ac.uk /news/JanMayen2003abs.htm (416 words)

	TOUGHCONE.DE - Sediments of TFZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Further to the north of Kolbeinsey Ridge, sedimentation rates drop to 0.02 m per 1000 years (Nowaczyk and Frederichs, 1999).
		To sum up, sediment deposition in basins in North Iceland is dependent on the distance from the main discharging rivers Skjalfandafljot and Jokulsa, but is generally comparable in size throughout the region in study.
		Grimsey and Kolbeinsey are morphologically very similar, both exhibit steep cliffs at the east, gently dipping layers to the west and a rather low coastline to the west.
	home.arcor.de /carrie.stendel/RESEARCH/TFZ/sediments.htm (678 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Crustal structure of the Kolbeinsey Ridge, North Atlantic, obtained by use of ocean bottom seismographs
		We present the results of a seismic survey performed around the Kolbeinsey Ridge, North Atlantic.
		The seismic data were acquired along three profiles: on the ridge axis (L1), 12 km off-ridge (L2), and perpendicular to the ridge axis (L3).
	www.agu.org /pubs/abs/jb/96JB03487/tmp.html (307 words)

	Poseidon291 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The scientific investigations are devoted to a number of scientific projects which are concerned amongs others with volcanic and geothermal activity along active spreading segments between the northeast rift of the neovolcanic zone in central Iceland and the Kolbeinsey Ridge (Fig.
		In view of the shallow water depth a combination of side-scan sonar and magnetic profiles will be used as the most reasonable way of completing this work and producing a volcanologic and tectonic framework for the sampling.
		This scheme was used with great success for the sampling of the Kolbeinsey Ridge further north and is a tried and tested method.
	www.palmod.uni-bremen.de /FB5/Ozeankruste/Poseidon291.html (478 words)

	Iceland & the N Atlantic Igneous Province
		However, the ages of surface lavas are more consistent with a parallel pair of ridges having existed in Iceland for much of the last 15 Myr, and perhaps the last 26 Myr.
		The primary locus of spreading in Iceland, the Northern Volcanic Zone (Figure 2: NVZ) has thus not migrated east relative to the Kolbeinsey ridge as is often claimed.
		In addition to being inconsistent with the plume model, this also casts doubt that the poorly developed chevron (“V-shaped”) ridges about the Kolbeinsey ridge formed by the northward flow of pulses of hot “plume” material from SE-central Iceland.
	www.mantleplumes.org /Iceland1.html (5076 words)

	865
		Seismic tomography data (Detrick et al., 1990) suggest that, in contrast to fast-spreading axes, slow-spreading ridges may not be underlain by significant magma chambers and hence magmas may be able to migrate relatively unhindered from their mantle source to the surface.
		The Kolbeinsey Ridge, between Iceland and the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone, represents a very slow spreading ridge with a half spreading rate of about 10 mm/y.
		In contrast to normal slow-spreading ridges, the Kolbeinsey Ridge lacks a pronounced axial valley, and in terms of its morphology is more comparable with fast-spreading ridges.
	www.the-conference.com /JConfAbs/1/865.html (648 words)

	Atlantic Ocean ridge basalts
		In general the very depleted nature of Kolbeinsey Ridge is supported, they show a single fractionated series except for a handful of more alkaline rocks of unknown parentage.
		In general the Kolbeinsey rocks still appear to be among the most LILE depleted known, but similar rocks are seen in Reykjanes Ridge south of Iceland and in the EPR - Galapagos Rise.
		Kolbeinsey is an extension of the Icelandic East Rift Zone but north of an offset to the west along the Torjornes FZ.
	geokem.com /ORB-oceanic-atlantic.html (4495 words)

	RS3 abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The effects of the plume are recorded in the oceanic crust and the adjacent volcanic margins, and provide both problems and opportunities for reconstructing the tectonic evolution.
		Current models for spreading in this region are largely variations on the interpretation of Nunns (1983), who proposed fan-shaped spreading at the Aegir Ridge, simultaneous spreading on the Aegir and Kolbeinsey ridges for ~18 Ma, and rotational separation of the Jan Mayen microcontinent from the East Greenland margin.
		Subsequent northward propagation of the Kolbeinsey Ridge was linked directly to the northward retreat of active spreading on the Aegir Ridge.
	www.casp.cam.ac.uk /news/rs3.htm (453 words)

	828 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In contrast, Reykjanes and Kolbeinsey Ridges are shallow and lack a deep median valley.
		Their axial profiles are similar to those observed at fast and super fast spreading ridges.
		Notably, certain MORB from Reykjanes and Kolbeinsey Ridges also appear to have equilibrated at low pressure.
	www.esc.cam.ac.uk /Library/Journals/J.Conf.Abs./1/828.html (967 words)

	413 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		We hope to present either a viable model or a strong failure at the conclusion of this talk.
		This implies the Kolbeinsey Ridge must be fed by deeper mantle flow contrasting to the Reykjanes Ridge with its large shallow along-axis flow.
		We will try to explain the geochemical differences of the Reykjanes and Kolbeinsey ridges with this model.
	www.the-conference.com /JConfAbs/1/413.html (452 words)

	e-Prints Soton - Mantle components in Iceland and adjacent ridges investigated using double-spike Pb isotope ratios
		High precision Sr-Nd isotope ratios together with Pb isotope ratios corrected for mass fractionation using a double spike are reported for an extensive suite of late Quaternary to Recent lavas of Iceland, the Kolbeinsey and Reykjanes Ridges, and a small number of basalts from further south on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
		The major depleted Icelandic component is clearly distinct in Pb isotopes from worldwide MORB, but resembles the depleted mantle source supplying the bulk of the melt to the Kolbeinsey and southern Reykjanes Ridges.
		However, an additional depleted mantle source is tapped by the northern Reykjanes Ridge, which with very negative [Delta]207Pb and less positive [Delta]208Pb is distinct from all Icelandic compositions.
	eprints.soton.ac.uk /1341 (524 words)

	How is plume material supplied to nearby submarine mid-ocean ridges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The circulation around Iceland suggests there is good connectivity from the Rekyjanes to the Kolbeinsey Ridge, but not visa versa (R. Bourke, pers.
		The several hundred km separation imposed by the Iceland hot spot is within the scale of some known vent species distributions (e.g.
		Seasonal ice cover over Kolbeinsey Ridge will impact hydrothermal plume dynamics especially at shallow depths; this may alter dispersal pathways available to vent fauna via larval entrainment into the buoyant plume.
	espo.gso.uri.edu /~yang/RIDGE/sci-questions.html (1401 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Six gravity cores and 15 box cores from both sides of the Kolbeinsey Ridge on the North Icelandic shelf are being studied in the joint Nordic PANIS-project (PAlaeo-environments on the North Icelandic Shelf).
		The cores are located in a boundary region between surface water masses derived from a branch of the cold East Green-landic Current and the warmer Irminger
		However, a varying amount of benthic foraminiferal species, which are connected to Atlantic water masses, are still present through most of the Bølling-Allerød and the Younger Dryas, especially west of the Kolbeinsey Ridge.
	www.hi.is /~jeir/ngv_23_klk.html (263 words)

	Bruce Appelgate
		Appelgate, B., A. Shor, and M. Edwards, A comparison of axial structural characteristics between the obliquely spreading Reykjanes Ridge and orthogonal Kolbeinsey Ridge, Eos (American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting), 75, 603, 1994.
		Appelgate, B., and A. Shor, Spreading center morphology of the Kolbeinsey Ridge, InterRidge symposium on Mid-Ocean Ridge Segmentation, University of Durham, England, September 21-22, 1993.
		Appelgate, B., and A. Shor, Reykjanes Ridge and the Northernmost Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Segmentation and tectonic signature of a slow-spreading ridge near the Iceland hot spot, Eos (American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting), 73, 538, 1992.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /HMRG/facstaff/bruce/bruce.html (1026 words)

	Untitled Document
		, B. The structural evolution of the Kolbeinsey Ridge since 10 Ma, Eos, (American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting), 76, 582, 1995.
		, B. Shor, and M. Edwards, A comparison of axial structural characteristics between the obliquely spreading Reykjanes Ridge and orthogonal Kolbeinsey Ridge, Eos (American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting), 75, 603, 1994.
		Appelgate, and R Buck, Locating recent volcanism on the Reykjanes Ridge: Trials and Tribulations of a rapid response mission, Eos (American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting), 75, 579, 1994.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /hmrg/facstaff/bruce/abstracts.htm (880 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6427845 - Hydrodynamic properties and grain-size characteristics of volcaniclastic deposits on the mid-Atlantic Ridge north of Iceland (Kolbeinsey Ridge)
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Hydrodynamic properties and grain-size characteristics of volcaniclastic deposits on the mid-Atlantic Ridge north of Iceland (Kolbeinsey Ridge)
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6427845 (133 words)

	Universitätsbibliothek Kiel - Elektronische Dissertationen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Self-Organizing Seafloor mapping of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone / Iceland
		The Tjörnes Fracture Zone (TFZ) is a transform zone in the North Atlantic separating the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of Iceland from Kolbeinsey Ridge.
		The final result is a map of the seafloor lithology as indicated by parameters such as reflectivity and roughness and environmental factors such as morphology, structure and sampled seafloor lithology within the Tjörnes Fracture Zone region north of Iceland.
	e-diss.uni-kiel.de /diss_500 (203 words)

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