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Topic: Kolleru Lake

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	Ecological Degradation And The Story of Dying Lakes
		Kolleru lake, a wetland located in Andhra Pradesh, is one of India’s largest freshwater lakes and a bird sanctuary.
		The average depth of the lake varies from 0.5 metres to two metres: the lake is silting gradually, raising the bed level.
		The plan suggests that the lake level be maintained at +5 msl, and irrigation and drainage regulators be constructed across the Upputeru channel from the lake to the sea.
	www.rainwaterharvesting.org /Crisis/Kolleru_etc.htm (1632 words)

	WWF - Kolleru Lake
		Kolleru lake is ensconced between the two major river basins of the rivers Godavari and Krishna and functions as a natural flood balancing reservoir between the two deltas.
		A lack of regulation of the seaward flow of the Kolleru waters during monsoon is progressively increasing the high - flood line, causing major food problems in the surrounding cities of Eluru and Gudivada, besides submerging second - crop paddy lands and fishtanks.
		It is necessary to conserve the Kolleru lake area and introduce management systems that would sustain biodiversity of the lake and conservation of the lake ecosystem without inhibiting the genuine developmental needs of the area.
	www.wwfindia.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater_wetlands/our_work/ramsar_sites/kolleru_lake_.cfm (584 words)

	Kolleru Lake in Vijayawada,Andhra Tours,Andhra Pradesh India
		The deltas of the Godavari and Krishna are very wide and form a lake in between, called the 'Kolleru Lake'.
		Kolleru Lake is largest pelican refuge and is considered as heaven for migrating birds.
		Road: The Lake is approachable from Atapaka, 1.5-km from Kaikaluru town, Murthiraju Tanks 8-km from Nidamarru, Gudivakalanka 3-km from Gudivakalankas and 15-km from Eluru.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /andhra-pradesh/lakes/kolleru-lake.html (330 words)

	Sanctuary Asia - Take Action
		Kolleru was notified as a Wildlife Sanctuary under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in October 1999, defining the limits of the sanctuary at a height of 1.5 m.
		In addition, the state government was asked regulate the effluents discharged from industries and municipalities into Kolleru Lake and strictly adhere to the standards laid down by the central Ministry of Environment and Forests.
		To ensure security to hundreds of farmers living around the lake and restore the ecology of the region, The Nallamalai Foundation has filed a case before the Supreme Court appointed Central Empowered Committee asking that the order of the courts be implemented.
	www.sanctuaryasia.com /takeaction/writeltr_andhra_kolleru.php (987 words)

	Sanctuary Asia - Campaign
		The Kolleru lake, the largest freshwater body in India is seriously threatened by large scale encroachments for aquaculture, the construction of roads to these encroachments and the resultant toxic effluents.
		Illegal fish tanks are the biggest threat to Kolleru; poor fisherfolk are used by large industrialists to dig and operate tanks in the lake bed.
		Aside from the birdlife and natural fish fauna of Lake Kolleru, at stake are also the livelihoods of hundreds of small and marginal farmers, mostly from the backward classes.
	www.sanctuaryasia.com /takeaction/detailcampaign.php?cid=142 (353 words)

	IngentaConnect Mapping the spatial distribution of air and water pollutants in K... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Kolleru Lake, a wetland located in India, is one of the largest natural freshwater lakes and is an important sanctuary for indigenous and migratory birds, particularly in winter seasons.
		The lake is located between latitudes 16°32&vprime; and 16°47&vprime;N and longitudes 81°05&vprime; and 81°27&vprime;E. The lake is connected to the sea through the Upputeru River, at a distance of 60 km.
		The aim of this study is to create the air and water pollution maps of Kolleru Lake using geographic information systems (GIS) for the better management of Kolleru Lake to control the pollution and also to avoid the risk of air and water pollutants on humans, aquatic organisms, birds and plants.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/mcb/083/2004/00000015/00000006/art00003 (314 words)

	Status of Wetlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Approximately one third of Wullar lake of Kashmir is degraded due to siltation and encroachment, which have also affected many other lakes in India, especially Chilka lake in Orissa (the largest brackish water lagoon in south-east Asia), Kolleru lake (Andhra Pradesh) and Sukhna lake, a man made wetland in Chandigarh.
		Loktak lake, the largest natural lake in eastern India (in the southern part of Manipur valley), is seriously threatened on account of unplanned land use practices and over exploitation of the available resources in its catchment.
		Dissolved organic matter is accumulated in the lake due to textile wastes and oxidation of dead aquatic flora and fauna.
	ces.iisc.ernet.in /energy/TR86/review.html (4286 words)

	Untitled Document
		Ramesh Kalghati, made a surprise check in Kolleru lake on 1.7.99 in the wake of reports of large-scale excavations for fish tanks.
		The Kolleru fish farmers lobby planned the conversions and timed their operations with the elections so that they could get the support of local politicians.
		According to an estimate, over 2,000 acres of land was converted into fish tanks in the prohibited zone of the lake, mainly in Pandiripalligudem, Gummallapadu, Sringavarappadu, Ratnapuram, Korukollu, MM puram, Ingilampadulanka, and Takkallapadu area in Krishna and West Godavari district.
	www.envis.nic.in /soer/ap/water_stake.htm (467 words)

	birding facts Birding Resources by the Fat Birder
		Hussain Sagar lake harbours a large number of resident and migrant waterfowl, while it`s fringes are known for migrant Wagtail species.
		Medak lake: On the outskirts of the town,gives a magnificent view of the famous `Medak Cathedral`,one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture in India.
		The 9.12sqkm man made lake is surrounded by jungle providing the birders with sightings of both the waterfowl and the woodland birds.
	www.fatbirder.net /links_geo/asia/india_andhra_pradesh.html (1949 words)

	The Hindu : Kolleru lake, a sanctuary: court
		The Bench was dismissing a batch of writ petitions filed by the Kolleru Fishermen and Small-Scale Farmers Association and other organisations challenging GO MS120 issued in October, 1999.
		The Bench made it clear: ``wet eco system, in our opinion, cannot be allowed to be exploited to the detriment of people at large for temporary gains.'' The Bench dealt with the contention that the notification was ultra vires, and said that the Government had the powers to issue the notification.
		It gave a categorical finding that no pisci, aqua or shrimp culture be permitted within Kolleru lake sanctuary except the traditional activities mentioned in the notification.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/2001/07/31/stories/0431201h.htm (338 words)

	Satellites disclose disappearance of Kolleru lake - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Kolleru lake, India’s largest freshwater body, is vanishing slowly - at least that is what satellites have revealed.
		Situated between Krishna and Godavari deltas in coastal Andhra Pradesh, the world-famous lake, which serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir between the two southern deltas, is disappearing due to a host of man-made factors.
		But satellites show there were 1050 fishponds within the lake in addition to 38 dried up ponds together covering an area of 103 square km making up to 42 per cent of total area.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/jun272004/n4.asp (453 words)

	4 rare birds were killed, says BNHS
		It may be recalled that the forest department had registered cases against Telugu Desam functionary M Balram, his father and two teachers of the zilla parishad high school in connection with the killing of the migratory birds which drew widespread condemnation from ornithologists.
		It was estimated that only two lakh birds visited the lake during the current season as against about six lakh birds during the previous season.
		Some of the important species found in Kolleru are pintail, jacana, lapwing, painted storks, red shank, stilts, pochard and shoveller.Some of the birds fly at a stretch up to 1,500 km, with a speed of 50 to 60 kmph and cover thousand ofkilometres with a few stops.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/19990330/ige30048.html (274 words)

	KalingaTimes : Features :Pelicans return as 'Gandhigiri' restores mammoth lake
		Eluru (Adhra Pradesh): As the sun rises over the picturesque Kolleru Lake, hundreds of pelicans, painted stork and rare species of local and migratory birds flock to its waters once again - thanks to one officer who used Gandhian principles to snatch back vast stretches of land from encroachers.
		However, the determination of one man to preserve the lake and his Gandhian style of functioning changed the scene.
		Since the lake has 63 species of fish and the fish from here go to West Bengal and Kashmir, the collector is keen to set up an apex body to develop Kolleru brand.
	www.kalingatimes.com /features/20061203_mammoth_gandhigiri.htm (1029 words)

	TERI Enviro Club: Theme of the month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Lakes: standing bodies of water occupying large basins or small depressions.
		Man-made wetlands: fish and shrimp pods, paddy fields, reservoirs, ex-mining lakes, gravel pits and sewerage farms and canals.
		UNESCO serves as Depositary for the Convention, but its administration has been entrusted to a secretariat known as the Ramsar Bureau, which is housed in the headquarters of the IUCN, The World Conservation Union in Gland, Switzerland, under the authority of the Conference of the Parties and the Standing Committee of the Convention.
	edugreen.teri.res.in /enviroclub/themes/March2006.asp (1182 words)

	Ministers to probe Kolleru lake encroachment after - Indian Environment Online \| Forums \| General Chat (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		T he group of six Ministers constituted to look into the encroachment in Kolleru lake area would make spot inspections after the Assembly session, the Forest Minister, S.Vijayarama Raju, said today.
		Replying to a question by D.Rajasekhar (Congress) during question hour in the Assembly, he promised that all measures would be taken to prevent encroachments in the lake.
		Admitting that some persons had encroached the lands, he said that in order to recover the lands, 2/3rd (175 km) sanctuary boundary was demarcated, 54 fish tanks were breached, 132 cases were booked by the Forest Department and 1230 offenders arrested and sent to judicial remand.
	indianenvironment.net.cob-web.org:8888 /link.asp?TOPIC_ID=382 (116 words)

	Gandhigiri's wings of change in AP : andhra pradesh, kolleru lake, migratory birds : IBNLive.com : CNN-IBN
		Kolleru (Andhra Pradesh): After a gap of 17 years, migratory birds have come to revisit Asia’s largest freshwater lake.
		The Kolleru Lake in Andhra Pradesh used to attract winged exotica from world over, but the birds stopped visiting after almost 30,000 acres of the lake area was occupied by illegal fish tanks.
		But with the intervention of Supreme Court and some innovative thinking on the part of the lake management authorities, nearly one lakh birds are back and as many as 188 species of birds – including rare and endangered species like the Teal and the Tailspin - can now be found there.
	www.ibnlive.com /news/gandhigiris-wings-of-change-in-ap/27181-3.html (488 words)

	Peace for Humans, Extinction for Other Species
		Our destination was a temple for the lake goddess Kolleru on a small island in the middle of the lake.
		The trees have two to four inch thick trunks of corklike material which was white, very soft and spongy inside and with a green colored bark on the outside.
		Unfortunately, the Lake Goddess was not able to protect her beautiful lake, and all the gentle creatures and plants she created in it, from being destroyed by humans.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~murty/techhype2/node12.html (676 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Kolleru lake is a natural depression of land between the two major rivers, the Godavari on the East and the Krishna on the West.
		At about 32.2 Kms away from the sea, the lake is connected to the sea through a narrow waterway called 'Upputeru'.
		* The lake is receiving water from 15 main feeding drains, which carry agricultural, domestic and industrial effluents from the free catchment areas.
	www.envis.nic.in /soer/ap/water_koll_lake.htm (189 words)

	#19, JPAM UPDATE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Kolleru Lake threatened The Kolleru Lake Bird Sanctuary is being threatened by encroachments, dumping of industrial effluents and increasing salinity due to bunding for fisheries.
		The lake was declared a sanctuary in 1976, and is famous for the large number of migratory birds that visit here every year.
		Wildlife officials have pointed out that the water level in the lake was higher this year, following dredging of the mouth of the lake and of the channel connecting it with the sea.
	ces.iisc.ernet.in /hpg/envis/doc98html/biodjp99217.html (6846 words)

	The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News : Rs. 30-crore regulator planned at the mouth of Kolleru lake (via ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The outcome of the operation so far is that water receded to some extent and the cropped area has surfaced over an extent of 30,000 acres out of the submerged extent of 1.5 lakh acres.
		He stated that construction of the regulator was compulsory for free flow of Kolleru into the sea since Enamadurru drain coming from West Godavari district, joined it at the mouth from one side thereby disturbing its course.
		The report, which is based on the feedback from MLAs, villagers and others, is stated to have recommended strict implementation of GO No. 120 issued in line with the High Court's directive.
	www.hindu.com.cob-web.org:8888 /2005/11/26/stories/2005112610260400.htm (372 words)

	Pelicans return as 'Gandhigiri' restores mammoth lake
		Eluru (Adhra Pradesh) : As the sun rises over the picturesque Kolleru Lake, hundreds of pelicans, painted stork and rare species of local and migratory birds flock to its waters once again - thanks to one officer who used Gandhian principles to snatch back vast stretches of land from encroachers.
		Asia's biggest shallow fresh water lake has regained its glory with migratory birds returning this winter after a gap of 17 years, providing a real treat for nature lovers and bird watchers.
		Not long ago this 308 sq km flood balancing lake located between the deltas of Krishna and Godavari rivers was virtually a dead water body, with more than 70 percent of it encroached upon by illegal fish farms that had compartmentalized the sprawling lake into small polluted tanks.
	www.whereincity.com /news/3/11090 (1068 words)

	History of ELURU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		KOLLERU LAKE IS THE LARGEST FRESH WATER LAKE IN THE COUNTRY SPREAD OVER WEST GODAVARI AND KRISHNA DISTRICTS OF IT IS 15 KMs.
		KOLLERU LAKE IS A SHALLOW FRESH WATER BODY WITH A NORMAL WATER SPREAD OF 674 Sq.KMs.
		THE KOLLERU LAKE IS FAMOUS FOR THE LARGE NUMBER OF Ambica Group of Industries The Corporate Office of the Ambica Group of Industries is at Eluru.
	www.westgodavari.org /AboutUs/ELRPRO.htm (875 words)

	Growfish - Gippsland Aquaculture Industry Network (GAIN)
		The Central Empowered Committee (CEC), appointed by the Supreme Court to monitor environmental issues in the country, has directed the state government to remove all the encroachments on Kolleru lake by March 31.
		The directive leaves no room for the government to retreat from its ongoing operation to remove the aquaculture farms that have nibbled up the lake and reduced it to a fraction of its original extent.
		The committee, which conducted a public hearing on Kolleru at Jubilee Hall on Tuesday, heard the views of various groups and individuals affected by Operation Kolleru.
	www.growfish.com.au /content.asp?contentid=5932 (160 words)

	kolleru bird sanctuary andhra pradesh, kolleru wild life sanctuary, forest in andhra pradesh, jungle resorts near ...
		It is the largest fresh Water Lake in the country.
		This sanctuary extends over 673-sq-km (depending on water spread) of wetland and marshes surrounding the Kolleru Lake, between the Krishna and Godavari deltas.
		Invertebrates like Crustaceans and Molluscs and 63 species of fish belonging to 29 families are found in the lake.
	www.india-tours.com /wildlifeinindia/kolerusanctuary.htm (360 words)

	The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News : Review of G.O. on Kolleru lake ruled out
		The Government issued the GO seeking to restore Kolleru as a wildlife sanctuary by clearing all the encroachments up to 5ft contour level.
		Meanwhile, the stage is set for commencing dredging operations to deepen Upputeru, the only outlet of Kolleru, to send its surplus waters into the sea.
		Chatterjee is visiting Kolleru area on Tuesday to supervise the arrangements and inspect the site for construction of a regulator taken up to facilitate easy water flow into the sea.
	www.hindu.com /2005/11/22/stories/2005112211810400.htm (303 words)

	The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Eluru News : Demolition operation in Kolleru lake resumes (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A 17-acre tank that came up in private lands was breached by the official machinery led by Kolleru Special Officer N. Mukteswara Rao in the light of the Supreme Court dismissing a petition filed by a section of fish tank owners.
		The court held that the ponds in private lands could not be exempted on the ground that fish farming was considered illegal in any category of lands in the lake.
		Meanwhile, the recent rain dampened the operation in parts of the lake as the tank bunds became slushy, making it difficult for the mobility of earthmovers.
	www.hindu.com.cob-web.org:8888 /2006/05/21/stories/2006052109060300.htm (349 words)

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