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Topic: Konfrontasi

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Indonesian Confrontation

Operation Claret

Sukarno

Federation of Malaysia

Structure of the British Army

Suharto

Soekarno

Malayan Emergency

British military history

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Sabah

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Armilla patrol

British Expedition to Ceylon

History of Malaysia

	Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is called Konfrontasi in the Indonesian and Malay languages.
		On April 12, Indonesian volunteers — allegedly Indonesian Army personnel — began to infiltrate Sarawak and Sabah, to engage in raids and sabotage, and spread propaganda.
		It has been claimed that a CIA memorandum of 1962 indicated that Macmillan and US President John F. Kennedy were increasingly alarmed by the possibility of the Confrontation with Malaysia spreading, and agreed to "liquidate President Sukarno, depending on the situation and available opportunities." However, the documentary evidence cited does not support this claim.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Konfrontasi (2107 words)

	G30S tak lain metamorphosis politik anti-Konfrontasi Inggris
		Terlalu naif bila menganggap peristiwa tersebut suatu kejadian yang berdiri sendiri, sebab tak ada sesuatu apa pun yang dapat berdiri sendiri dalam kehidupan masyarakat.
		Nampaknya tidak ada sangkut-paut dengan Konfrontasi, namun tidak terpisahkan dalam proses penjadiannya.
		Saya sebagai salah seorang dari satu setengah juta kurban perampasan kebebasan oleh Orde Baru perlu mengucapkan terimakasih pada Greg Poulgrain dengan disertasinya tentang Konfrontasi.
	www.radix.net /~bardsley/istiqlal.html (1948 words)

	Prof. Madya Dr. Mohammad Abu Bakar
		The escalation of konfrontasi (June-September 1964): Malaysia's response to Indonesia's Confrontation policy in the aftermath of the abortive Tokyo Summit.
		The escalation of konfrontasi, June-September 1964: Malaysia's response to Indonesia's contfrontation policy in the aftermath of the abortive Tokyo Summit.
		The exalation of konfrontasi [June-September 1964]: Malaysia's response to Indonesia's confrontation policy in the aftermath of the abortive Tokyo Summit.
	members.tripod.com /sejarahum/pensyarah/mohamad.htm (152 words)

	Tranung Kite - Drama “Konfrontasi II” Malaysia-Indonesia.
		“Konfrontasi II” (secara olok-olok bukannya betul) akan dilakonkan kerana kedua-dua buah negara sedang dalam porak peranda dan perlu bukan sahaja mengalihkan pandangan rakyat masing-masing dari masalah dalaman negara, tetapi untuk membangkitkan semula semangat nasionalisma yang kini sudah pudar di kalangan rakyat kedua-dua negara.
		Ura-ura mengatakan “Konfrontasi II” akan dilakonkan beberapa hari selepas operasi penangkapan pemimpin-pemimpin dan penyokong BA dilancarkan secara besar-besaran dibawah ISA.
		Mungkin juga drama konfrontasi ini akan dicetuskan beberapa hari sebelum dilancarkan penangkapan ISA secara besar-besaran itu.
	pemuda-trg.tripod.com /tarabulsi/tarabulsi026.htm (264 words)

	III. Summer 1963—Summer 1964: Competing Worldviews
		The NSC concluded in May 1964 that the army indeed were central in Konfrontasi, and might even continue a low-level subversion campaign of their own, should Sukarno enter a peace agreement.
		In mid-July, the Broomfield Amendment was proposed in the House.
		Since Konfrontasi was launched in a period of improved relations with the US, it was hard to understand why Sukarno launched his attacks, and hence—how to stop them from disrupting the US effort to turn Indonesia westwards.
	aga.nvg.org /oppgaver/chapter3.html (19970 words)

	Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia
		Konfrontasi terhadap Malaysia adalah "politik pengalihan" Bung Karno atas situasi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik domestik saat itu.
		Dalam konfrontasi PKI mendukung Bung Karno, sedangkan ABRI "setengah hati".
		Penghentian konfrontasi merupakan kebijakan Presiden Soeharto yang mengirim diplomat dan militer untuk melakukan perundingan dengan mitranya di Malaysia dengan caranya sendiri.
	www.indonesia-ottawa.org /information/details.php?type=news&id=611 (970 words)

	Malaysia Today: MT-Berita: Konfrontasi Islam-Barat penuhi kepentingan ekstremis
		Ia akan mengambil masa yang lama sebelum konfrontasi Islam-West dapat ditamatkan tetapi langkah mendemokrasikan Asia Barat merupakan satu daripada langkah untuk mencapainya, katanya.
		Konfrontasi Islam dan Barat tidak akan kekal menjadi tumpuan dunia kerana perkara lain turut mempunyai potensi.
		Let me distract their attention from the unresolvable issue of Islam/ west confrontation to the potential danger of china to this world.They should have invited George Galloway, Karen Armstrong or peoples like them to give this talk.
	www.malaysia-today.net /blog/2006/03/konfrontasi-islam-barat-penuhi.htm (656 words)

	Ganyang Aceh, Ganyang Malaysia, Ganyang Siapa Lagi? [1]
		Saking seriusnya dengan politik konfrontasi ini, Nasution diberikan kedudukan setingkat menteri.
		"Suatu bangsa selalu memerlukan musuh," kata Bung Karno saat menyulut konfrontasi.
		Memang politik konfrontasi digalakkan Soekarno pada 8 Januari 1963 setelah Wakil Perdana Menteri I Soebandrio mengumumkannya secara resmi.
	www.forum.achehtimes.com /malay/_disc/00000015.htm (1037 words)

	Tan Kim Peng Clarence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		LTC Tan's military career began as a volunteer of the Singapore Military Force in 1960, and attained the rank of Second Lieutenant after completing the Officer Cadet Course conducted at the Federation Military College in Malaysia.
		He served as a platoon commander in the 1st Battalion, Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR), and conducted his duties in Sabah and Taiping in Malaysia during the Konfrontasi period till 1965, where he was posted to various appointments, including in the Malaysia Special Forces.
		In June 1967, he, together with Second Lieutenant Chan Seck Sung, were the first two Commandos to attend the U.S. Army Rangers and Airborne courses at Fort Benning, United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tan_Kim_Peng_Clarence (353 words)

	Kasus Ambalat, Rakyat Malaysia Lebih Tenang
		Banyak mahasiswa University Malaysia Sabah (UMS) di Kota Kinabalu yang berharap tidak terjadi konfrontasi, mereka tidak turun ke jalan, katakan untuk mendemo halaman Konsulat Jenderal Republik Indonesia (KJRI) di Kota Kinabalu.
		Ketenangan yang ada, mungkin karena masyarakat negara bagian Sabah yang berpenduduk sekitar 1,8 juta itu terbiasa dengan konfrontasi, terbiasa dengan ancaman militer dan ancaman mundu (bajak laut) terutama yang datangnya dari arah Timur Sandakan, tentara Abu Sayyaf dari Filipina yang kadang-kadang masuk ke wilayah Samporna.
		Ia yakin tidak terjadi konfrontasi apalagi pemerintah Malaysia berhati-hati sekali, lebih ingin lewat perundingan, bukan penyelesaian militer.
	www.sinarharapan.co.id /berita/0503/09/sh05.html (1246 words)

	[No title]
		Among major figures, Muhammad Yamin, Ali Sastroamidjojo, and Subandrio were in favor of Konfrontasi; Nasution and Djuanda were not opposed to the creation of Malaysia; Hatta was not publicly opposed to Malaysia, but may have had private misgivings.
		On a lower level, Konfrontasi appealed to anti-Chinese feelings in Indonesia, and Sukarno may have described Konfrontasi to Soviet diplomats in this way (by this time, the Soviet Union and China were not friendly to each other).
		Another side factor in Konfrontasi is that government figures in Jakarta may not have liked the idea of a federal, decentralized Malaysia--they may have seen it as a threat to the central control that the Jakarta government long held over the provinces.
	www.geschichteinchronologie.ch /as/indon/Gimon_chron1950-1965.htm (10805 words)

	.: Kolektif Info Coup d'etat 65 :.
		The Konfrontasi was to last, with ebbs and flows, for the next three years, leading eventually to the aborted coup of Sept. 30-Oct. 1, 1965, and the slaughter that followed.
		The outbreak of the Konfrontasi in the Fall ended the Economic Declaration, and the IMF program, but Jones (who does not appear to have acknowledged the destructiveness of the IMF conditions) had to face mounting anti-U.S. antagonism, in trying to rebuild relations.
		At the same time, the PKI was strengthened, due both to its leading role in supporting Sukarno's Konfrontasi, and because of a militant PKI organizing campaign in the countryside, based on the enforcement of Sukarno's land reform policies.
	www.progind.net /modules/wfsection/print.php?articleid=129 (5735 words)

	Confronting Sukarno: British, American, Australian and New Zealand Diplomacy in the Malaysian-Indonesian Confrontation, ...
		In particular, the concern of western policy makers with an increasingly belligerent communist China, the importance of Konfrontasi to the war in Vietnam, and the British situation east of Suez are examined in detail.
		The extensive network of alliances could act as a deterrent to aggressors, yet once deterrence fails (which it has and very well might again), the next development is always one of two evils: conflicts become escalated and involve many players, or someone must renege on a security obligation.
		J.A.C. Mackie's "Konfrontasi" is still the best book on the subject from the M'sian and Indonesian angle.
	www.gettextbooks.com /isbn_0312227841.html (389 words)

	Inter Press Service News Agency
		While young people across the country have been enlisted as 'konfrontasi' volunteers, some demonstrators have burned the Malaysian flag.
		Yet, leaders of both countries have appealed for refrain and vowed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.
		The two countries are due to meet again next week to hammer out a possible joint oil exploration deal in a bid to diffuse tensions.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/sendnews.asp?idnews=27922 (913 words)

	1964 Race Riots - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Both Malaysia and Singapore have attributed the September riots to Indonesian provocateurs.
		It was the Konfrontasi period and 30 Indonesian paratroopers had landed in Labis, Johor on 2 September.
		Leaders in Malaysia and Singapore were surprised by the rapid escalation of racial violence and both sides made frequent appeals for calm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1964_Race_Riots (788 words)

	Near Neighbours: 1. Key Events in Australian-Indonesian Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Konfrontasi involved a long campaign of low-level armed raids across the border, at first by so-called paramilitary ‘volunteers’ and later by regular Indonesian troops.
		Konfrontasi posed a dilemma for Australian policy-makers because although supporting the creation of Malaysia, Australia did not want to antagonise Indonesia.
		Konfrontasi continued until accords to end the conflict were formally signed on 11 August 1966.
	www.naa.gov.au /Publications/research_guides/guides/neighbours/pages/chapter1.htm (4078 words)

	History of Indonesia Mirror Site Aad 'Arcengel' Engelfriet
		ABRI officers who were opposed to Konfrontasi actually maintained secret contact with military officials in Kuala Lumpur throughout this period.
		Konfrontasi cost money that Sukarno's government did not have, and it damaged the economy by interrupting traffic with Singapore.
		The 1957-58 rebellions, the West Irian campaign, and the preparations for Konfrontasi had all been expensive for both the government as a whole and for ABRI.
	home.iae.nl /users/arcengel/Indonesia/1950.htm (4990 words)

	ASEAN and the management of regional security Pacific Affairs - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The states of the region had just gone through the three-year period of Konfrontasi (confrontation), wherein Indonesia had politically (and, on occasion, militarily) challenged the legitimacy of the Malaysian state (and, by extension, Singapore).
		Konfrontasi ended with a change of government in Indonesia, but it left lingering tensions and uncertainties within the region.
		Second, it would benefit economic development in the member states and, by extension, contribute to political stability by helping to alleviate the domestic social conditions nurturing communist insurgency.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3680/is_199807/ai_n8793259/pg_22 (702 words)

	Special.scmp.com - South China morning Post online brings you special reports on major events in Hong Kong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sukarno channelled both his allies' energies into the nationalist struggle, clashing with the newly-independent Malaysia, which he viewed as a colonial creation aimed at subverting Indonesia's revolution.
		Low-level border fighting rumbled on from 1963 to 1966 in Sukarno's confrontation or Konfrontasi with Malaysia.
		But Konfrontasi's main damage was to hinder the development of sound economic relations with Indonesia's neighbours.
	special.scmp.com /ahpindonesia/historythesukarnoyears/index.html (1130 words)

	Tranung Kite - Sandiwara “Konfrontasi Malaysia-Indonesia II” sudah bermula??
		Ada saya menulis sebelum ini tentang kemungkinan dipentaskan sandiwara berjodol “Konfrontasi Malaysia-Indonesia II” tajaan dan arahan bersama Dr Mahathir dan Gus Dur.
		Sandiwara “Konfrontasi Malaysia-Indonesia II” bukan sahaja berkemungkinan memulihkan sokongan rakyat tetapi juga mengalihkan pandangan rakyat dari berbagai masalah rumit yang sedang memporak perandakan kedua-dua negara.
		Tetapi kerana begitu penting sekali dalam keadaan kita tertindas ini untuk menyebarkan maklumat kepada rakyat terutamanya orang Melayu kita, saya kurangkan sumbangan dalam Bahasa Inggeris (atas nama-nama samaran yang lain) seperti di soc.culture.malaysia untuk tumpukan tenaga menulis dalam bahasa kita yang tercinta.
	pemuda-trg.tripod.com /tarabulsi/tarabulsi034.htm (787 words)

	Confrontation with Indonesia - Attachment K
		The Indonesian Confrontation (or Konfrontasi in Indonesian) was a small undeclared war fought from 1962 - 1966 through which President Sukarno of Indonesia tried to destroy the newly created nation of Malaysia.
		Sukarno argued that the new nation was in fact just a way of maintaining British colonial influence in the area.
		Once firmly in command, they stopped the policy of Konfrontasi, and recognised the new nation of Malaysia in 1966.
	www.anzacday.org.au /education/activities/konfrontasi/attachment_k.html (456 words)

	H-Soz-u-Kult / Rezensionen / Rez. EG: P. Busch: All the Way With JFK?
		All in all, the mission did not have much of an impact because “the British simply wanted to follow the Americans’ lead, and there was no willingness to influence US policy on Diem one way or the other” (p.
		While the British were determined to oppose Sukarno´s low-intensity warfare on Borneo (Kalimantan), the Americans initially favored a compromise solution that would have given Indonesia a say in the organization of the territory.
		Konfrontasi, however, also had a positive effect on Britain´s role and position in Southeast Asia after 1964: “it could tell the Americans that it could not go beyond giving political support to the United States in Vietnam” (p.
	hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de /rezensionen/id=3249&count=203&recno=19&type=rezbuecher&sort=datum&order=down&geschichte=76&segment_ignore=128 (1339 words)

	“Itu Hanya Badai dalam Segelas Kopi”
		Tetapi oleh pers asing, konfrontasi tersebut dianggap sebagai taktik Soekarno untuk melupakan kesulitan dalam negeri.
		Konfrontasi ini semakin membahayakan Inggris, pertempuran terjadi antara Inggris bersama persekutuannya anzus dengan Indonesia di sepanjang perbatasan Kalimantan Utara.
		Jadi kalau soal G30S tidak meyebutkan masalah konfrontasi sebagai titik-tolaknya bagi saya ini adalah
	www.radix.net /~bardsley/BADAI.htm (2060 words)

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