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Topic: Kongo Empire

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	Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		An empire comprises a region or a set of regions ruled by an emperor or, by extension, any large, multi-ethnic state which maintains its political structure by coercion.
		For many centuries, the term "Empire" applied exclusively to states which considered themselves to be successors to the Roman Empire, such as the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, or the Russian Empire.
		Many ancient empires maintained control of their subject peoples by controlling the supply of a vital resource, usually water; historians refer to such régimes as "hydraulic empires." The introduction of a common religion also often strengthened empires, as occurred (pace Edward Gibbon) with the adoption of Christianity under Constantine I of the Roman Empire.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/e/em/empire.html (845 words)

	Kongo Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The empire consisted of several core provinces ruled by a monarch, the Manikongo (sixteenth century spelling of 'Mwene Kongo) of the Bakongo (Kongo peoples, also known as the Essikongo), but its sphere of influence extended to the neighboring states such as Ngoyo, Kakongo, Ndongo and Matamba as well.
		A critical element in the centralization of Kongo was the high concentration of population around Mbanza Kongo and its outskirts, which was a densely settled region in an otherwise sparsely populated region (rural population densities probably did not exceed 5 persons per square kilometer).
		Early Portuguese travelers described Mbanza Kongo as a large city, the size of the Portuguese town of Évora as it was in 1491.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kongo_Empire (4008 words)

	Empire
		An empire is a large, multi-ethnic state, whose political structure is held together by coercion.
		Empires have been traditionally ruled by powerful monarchies under the leadership of a hereditary (or in some cases, self-appointed) emperor.
		For example, the former Soviet Union fits many of the criteria of an empire, but nevertheless did not claim to be one, nor was it ruled by a traditional hereditary "emperor" (see Soviet Empire).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/em/Empire.html (425 words)

	e. West Central Africa. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Kongo kingdom dominated subregion south of lower Congo (Zaire) River as far as Luanda (modern-day Angola).
		From 1500 Kongo was becoming a conquest state and trading empire and was sharply influenced by the arrival of the Portuguese.
		Kongo kingdom regained with help of Portuguese troops, but Kongo's regional dominance was lost as Portuguese traders shifted focus to Loango, north of the Congo River.
	www.bartleby.com /67/885.html (644 words)

	Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For many centuries, the term "Empire" in the West applied exclusively to states which considered themselves to be successors to the Roman Empire, such as the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, or, later, the Russian Empire.
		In 1204, when Constantinople was sacked during the Fourth Crusade, the Crusaders created a Latin Empire in Constantinople, while the descendents of the Byzantine Empire went to Asia Minor and established two smaller empires: the Empire of Nicaea and the Empire of Trebizond.
		The Mongol Empire was governed by kurultai, and there was freedom of religion, tax exemption and extensive trade routes that were nurtured by the Khan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empire (1738 words)

	Kongo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kongo Empire, a kingdom in southwestern central Africa
		Mount Kongo, a mountain in Osaka prefecture, Japan
		Kongo class destroyer, a current warship class operated by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kongo (117 words)

	Wikinfo \| Kongo
		The Kongo Empire was an African kingdom located in southwest Africa in what are now northern Angola, Cabinda, Republic of the Congo, and the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
		The empire consisted of six provinces ruled by a monarch, the Manikongo of the Bakongo people, but its sphere of influence extended to the neighboring states as well.
		Before the arrival of the Europeans, the Kongo Empire was a highly developed state at the center of an extensive trading network.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Kongo (464 words)

	History of Africa - Wikipedia
		Southward from the mouth of the Congo to the inhospitable region of Damaraland[?] (in what is present-day Namibia), the Portuguese, from 1491 onward, acquired influence over the Bantu inhabitants, and in the early part of the 16th century through their efforts Christianity was largely adopted in the Kongo Empire.
		Strenuous efforts were made to obtain possession of the country (modern Zimbabwe) known to them as the kingdom or empire of Monomotapa[?], where gold had been worked by the natives from about the 12th century A.D., and whence the Arabs, whom the Portuguese dispossessed, were still obtaining supplies in the 16th century.
		At this period, the middle of the 19th century, Protestant missions were carrying on active propaganda on the Guinea coast, in South Africa and in the Zanzibar dominions.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /hi/History_of_Africa.html (4481 words)

	Kongo - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The empire consisted of six provinces ruled by a monarch, the Manikongo of the Bakongo (Kongo peoples), but its sphere of influence extended to the neighboring states as well.
		In the following decades, the Kongo Empire became a major source of slaves for traders from Portugal and other European countries.
		At the Battle of Ambuila in 1665, the Portuguese forces from Angola defeated the forces of king Antonio I of Kongo ; Antonio was killed with many of his courtiers and the Luso-African author Manuel Roboredo, who had attempted to prevent this final war.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Kongo (490 words)

	african tribes kongo
		__ "the Kongo occupy the region at the mouth of the Congo River.
		__ "The homeland of the Kongo in Angola is the tropical savannas of Northern Angola.
		Kongo leaders were targeted for conversion by Christian missionaries, and often divisions between followers of Christianity and followers of the traditional religions resulted." You will find material related to art, culture, history, religion, political structure and more.
	www.archaeolink.com /african_tribes_kongo.htm (486 words)

	Empire
		An empire (also known technically, abstractly or disparagingly as imperium) comprises a set of regions locally ruled by governors, viceroys or client kings in the name of an emperor.
		Land-based empires (such as Russia or the Soviet Union) tend to extend in a contiguous area; sea-borne empires (also known as thalassocracies: the Athenian and British empires provide examples) may feature looser structures and more scattered territories.
		Also, compare physical empires with potentially more abstract or less formally structured hegemonies; and their spheres of influence with those of superpowers.
	www.aaaah.org /wiki/en/em/Empire.htm (1209 words)

	KONGOCHRISTIANSAFONSOSOYO
		But the kingdom of the Kongo was ruined by the slave trade, which caused a massive drain on manpower.
		At the beginning of the 18th century there was an attempt to revive the fortunes of the Kongo empire.
		In 1704, Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita, a young Kongolese woman, born to a noble Catholic family, claimed to be possessed by the spirit of St. Anthony.
	www.kanda7tumba.net /KONGOCHRISTIANSAFONSOSOYO.html (593 words)

	LOTE - Lords 1 - Sultanate of the Kongo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Kongo represented one of two small bastions of the Islamic faith on the African continent (the other includes Togo, Akan, and Gagnoa, now part of the Mali Empire), a faith that was brought to the area centuries ago by the the old Empire of Ife.
		Despite mass conversions to Catholicism of their bretheren to the north by Mixtec invaders, the Republic of South Africa permitted the faith to persist in the area, even while it was brought under Catholic rule.
		Frictions with the rump Empire of Afriqa were constant, and numerous campaigns were waged between the two nations.
	www.snappydsl.com /rob/lords1/kongo.html (835 words)

	Epiphany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Motherships are few in number within the Acceptian Empire, and always the core of a conquering missions or an area of critical defense.
		He commanded the USS Kongo NCC-1710 from her launch in 2251 up to April 2261 when he was kicked upstairs to get him out of field command.
		This argues for an empire that once spanned both regions and used the Kronin as soldiers, or was perhaps lead by the Kronin.
	phoenixinn.iwarp.com /startrek/files/G-pedia_03.html (17606 words)

	Imperial Battleships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The KONGO is assigned to Vice Admiral (later Admiral) Takasu Shiro's (former CO of ISUZU) First Fleet at the Combined Fleet's anchorage at Hashirajima in Hiroshima Bay in Vice Admiral Mikawa Gunichi's (former CO of KIRISHIMA) BatDiv 3 with her sisters the HARUNA, the HIEI and the KIRISHIMA.
		At 0622, the KONGO is strafed repeatedly by F4F "Wildcats" and the rangefinder for her main guns is disabled.
		The KONGO is the only IJN battleship sunk by a submarine during the war and the last battleship ever sunk by a submarine.
	www.combinedfleet.com /kongo.htm (6867 words)

	Topic 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Kongo States were a product of the Iron Age and the revolution in Agriculture and changes of technology in predominant heavy forest region lived Bantu speaking people.
		Kongo had no standing army instead strong beliefs in the spiritual and magic power of Mani-Kongo was spread.
		In 1506 Dom Affonse snatched the throne of Kongo Kingdom.
	www.distancelearning-tz.org /hist2secbtopic5.htm (743 words)

	Learn more about Empire in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Learn more about Empire in the online encyclopedia.
		In the early 21st century, tendencies to refer to the USA as an empire could be seen, following the book Empire by Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt (see American Empire or History of United States Imperialism).
		An empire can also refer to the large economic holdings of one person, usually including the ownership of many different businesses and corporations.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /e/em/empire.html (536 words)

	LOTE - Lords 1 - Empire of Ife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the 1550's and 1560's the Ifen Empire faced an invasion of their Atlantic coastline by the Danish Empire, which succeeded in establishing the colony of Danish West Africa.
		Beset by New Mexicans in the west and Mixtecs in the center, the crumbling Ifen Empire moved its capital south to Boma in Kongo.
		With the Empire beset by foreign invasion and strained by co-habitation with the Coptics, the more restive tribes of the Empire decided that this was the time to throw off their shackles and run riot in the streets...
	www.snappydsl.com /rob/lords1/ife.html (1815 words)

	Urban Dictionary: empire
		It is often used now to define one country which forces other countries to serve it by force and oppresion, this I would not put as a correct term as it includes superpowers and would therefore make this term invalid.
		What all empires have in common is that they have all fallen due to various instances, be it civil wars and outbreaks, or even acts of God.
		"Although the Empire in Star Wars is ficticious, it is a very good example of an empire, y'know with all those stormtroopers all up in a nice line in one of the docking bays, and all that stuff.
	www.urbandictionary.com /define.php?term=empire&r=d (587 words)

	Kongo -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The main characteristic of their social organization is fragmentation: nearly every village is independent of its neighbours, and almost nothing remains of the ancient Kongo kingdom.
		It was the capital of the Kongo kingdom from the 16th to the 18th century and was known as M'banza or Bonza Congo until renamed São Salvador by the Portuguese for a cathedral that was built there in 1534.
		The main ethnic groups are the Kongo, the Ubangi, the Teke, and the Sanga.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9045999 (857 words)

	The Story of Africa\| BBC World Service
		Following the defeat of a branch of the Mbundu, the focus of power had shifted 200 kilometres south west, south of the River Kongo, where a capital was established called Mbanza Kongo (Sao Salvador under Portuguese rule).
		Bethwell Ogot of Maseno University, Kenya, on the splendour of the Kongo
		At its height, Kongo was the biggest state in western Central Africa.
	bbc.co.uk /worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/10chapter2.shtml (621 words)

	AllRefer.com - Zaire - External Pressures \| Zaire Information Resource
		From the inception of Portuguese penetration into the old Kongo Kingdom in the late fifteenth century, and well into the beginning of the scramble for colonies in the nineteenth century, the Kongo monarchy was a major pawn in international struggles.
		The history of the old Kongo Kingdom encapsulates many of the crises experienced by several other states of the savanna in their efforts to cope with the challenge of the new economic forces.
		That the Kongo peoples were the first Zairian people to challenge the legitimacy of the colonial state is perhaps not unrelated to their long and dramatic experience of European hegemony.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/zaire/zaire19.html (1037 words)

	Click Afrique: Magazine: History: Africa's Ancient Empires - Kongo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		At its zenith Kongo stretched from the Congo River in the north, to the Loje River in the south, and from the Atlantic Ocean coastline to the Kwango River in the east.
		The Kongo Empire came about as the Bakongo peoples migrated south across Congo River settling amongst and eventually absorbing the indigenous communities.
		The titular ruler of the Kong Empire was the Manikongo with his capital in Mbanza.
	www.clickafrique.com /0900rpt/history1009.asp (605 words)

	Congo (Zaire)
		The Luba Empire was founded by NKongolo and Kalala Ilunga in mid-17th century.
		The Luba Empire was noted for its artistic achievement in sculpture, praise poetry, and polyphonic music.
		In the early 1500s, Kongo King Affonso established relations with Portugal and declared Roman Catholicism the state religion.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/countries/Congo_(Zaire).html (370 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		By extension, an empire is any large, multi-ethnic state.
		Land-based empires (such as Russia or the Soviet Union) tend to extend in a contiguous area; sea-borne empires (thalassocracy is a fancy name: the Athenian or British empires provide examples) may feature looser structures and more scattered territories.
		They have traditionally formation as powerful monarchies under the rule of a hereditary (or in some cases, self-appointed) emperor, but the so-called empires of Athens, Britain and the United States developed under democratic auspices.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Empire (1164 words)

	Lunda empire -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Although the Lunda people had lived in the area from early times, their empire was founded by invaders coming west from Luba.
		Slavery itself was legally abolished in the Portuguese empire in 1875, but it continued in thinly disguised forms until 1911.
		As this empire grew by conquering lands of the Byzantine Empire and beyond, it came to include at the height of its power all of Asia Minor; the countries of the Balkan Peninsula; the islands of the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9049359 (855 words)

	Civilizations in Africa: Mali
		Mali was not a true empire, but rather the center of a sphere of influence.
		Mali had never been an empire proper, and subject states began to break off from the Mali sphere of influence.
		In 1430, the Tuareg Berbers in the north seized much of Mali's territory, including the city of Timbuctu, and the Mossi kingdom to the south a decade later seized much of Mali's southern territories.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CIVAFRCA/MALI.HTM (565 words)

	African Presence 1492-1992: Schomburg Exhibit
		Askia Muhammad expands borders of the African Empire of Songhai.
		King Alfonso of the Kongo writes a letter to Portuguese King John asking him to put an end to the kidnapping of his people for slavery.
		The Kongo Kingdom comes to an end due to wars sparked by the Portuguese.
	www.si.umich.edu /CHICO/Schomburg/text/timeline-all.html (579 words)

	TIMEasia Magazine: Built to last
		One of the carpenters for Shitennoji, Shigemitsu Kongo, traveled to Japan from the Korean kingdom of Paekche for the project.
		Today, working out of offices that overlook the temple, Kongo Gumi Co. is run by 54-year-old president Masakazu Kongo, the 40th Kongo to lead the company in Japan.
		As much as the Kongos value tradition, their firm has survived by being flexible, even when that meant contravening ancient customs.
	www.time.com /time/asia/covers/501040223/oldest.html (642 words)

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