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Topic: Kosciuszko Uprising

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Massacre of Praga

Battle of Olszynka Grochowska

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War in the defence of constitution

Thaddeus Kosciuszko

Independence of Poland Regained

November Uprising

Great Poland Uprising

Warsaw uprising

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January Uprising

First Silesian Uprising

Wola

Silesian Uprisings

	Thaddeus Kosciuszko: the Purest Son of Liberty: SR, January 2000
		Kosciuszko, during the Rising of 1794, welcomed a regiment of Jews who fought for Poland against Russia under the leadership of Colonel Berek Joselewicz, who himself died in the struggle for Poland.
		Kosciuszko saw clearly that the high ground northwest of the fort at Sugar Loaf mountain ought to be defended lest the British learn from their mistakes of 20 years earlier.
		Kosciuszko's recommendations were not followed by the American commander St. Clair (who, as was the case with Gates, had been a British officer during the disastrous Braddock campaign of that earlier war).
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~sarmatia/100/thompson.html (2193 words)

	Tadeusz Kosciuszko (1746-1817)
		Back in Poland in 1784, Kosciuszko helped organize the Polish Army which was enlarged by provisions contained in the statutes of the Four-Year Seym and participated in the 1792 war against Russia.
		Kosciuszko returned to the country and was appointed commander-in-chief of the armed forces with powers of a dictator.
		Wishing to draw the peasant masses into the fight for liberty, Kosciuszko proclaimed what is called the Po³aniec Universal in which he abolished serfdom, reduced the corvee - or unpaid labour for the lord - and freed peasants who served in the army from this duty.
	www.polishworld.com /polemb/const/tk.html (705 words)

	[No title]
		Some narratives of Kosciuszko's life argue, most plausible, that he also developed a personal political and social ideology, including a strong dislike for slavery and an evolved belief in the rights of freedom and liberty.
		During the Uprising, Kościuszko was made the Naczelnik (Commander-in-Chief) of all Polish forces fighting against Russian occupation.
		Kosciuszko introduced conscription, using peasants to bolster existing regiments and form new units.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/rsolecki/tadeusz_kosciuszko.html (2720 words)

	Tadeusz Kosciuszko (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1792 in Poland he was military commander in the War in the defence of constitution, defence of Poland against Russian invasion.
		With the invasion successful, resulting in the Second partition of Poland, he fled to Saxony, but returned in 1794 to lead the Kosciuszko Uprising as Naczelnik against Russian occupation.
		He spent the rest of his life in exile in the United States and Switzerland, refusing to serve as Napoleon's puppet at the head of the government of the Principality of Warsaw.
	www.gogoglo.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/ta/tadeusz_kosciuszko.html (381 words)

	History of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Kosciuszko appreciated the winds of nationalism that were blowing across Europe and understood that an independence movement must include the town dwellers and peasants, so long exploited by the nobility.
		The Hungarian Uprising, in which Jozef Bem served as a general, was brutally crushed when Tsar Nicholas I sent 200,000 troops into Hungary to support the Austrian Empire.
		The uprising did, however, succeed in blunting the effect of the Tsar's abolition of serfdom in the Russian partition, which had been designed to win Polish peasants away from supporting the rest of the Polish nation.
	www.poland-embassy.si /eng/poland/history4.htm (1735 words)

	ABM -- The Uprising of April 24, 1794
		The uprising began in Poland in March of 1794 under the leadership of Gen. Tadevuss Kaxciusska (Thaddeus Kosciusko).
		In addition to waging armed struggle, the leaders of the uprising in Belarus and today's Lithuania had to overcome obstacles of political character, such as the treacherous attitude of some of the commanders of the regular Litvanian forces, who tacitly supported the "confederate" cause.
		After the unsuccessful uprising of 1794, Kaxciusska spent some time in Russian prisons from which he was released in 1796.
	www.belarus-misc.org /1794.htm (1189 words)

	Tadeusz Kosciuszko (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Kosciuszko's skill as an engineer in charge of fortifications was instrumental in earning him the rank of brigadier bestowed upon him by congress in 1783.
		Kosciuszko served in the South in the latter part of the American Revolution.
		Kosciuszko died in 1817 embittered and despairing because of the fate of his native Poland.
	www.ksry.com /tadeusz.htm (446 words)

	videofact
		Kosciuszko was born on February 12,1746, near Brest (now in Belarus), and educated in military engineering in Warsaw and in Germany, Italy, and France.
		In 1784 Kosciuszko returned to Poland, attaining the rank of major general in the Polish army.
		This defeat ended the Polish uprising, Kosciuszko was held prisoner in Russia until 1796, when he was released and exiled.
	www.videofact.com /english/samples/E_2/E17.html (324 words)

	World War 2: Warsaw Uprising :: FAQ
		The Uprising was expected to be short, a week long at the most, and have the character of a mopping-up operation.
		During World War 2, 85% of Warsaw's left bank buildings were destroyed: 25% in the course of the Warsaw Uprising, 35% as the result of systematic German actions after the Uprising, the rest as a combination of the war in September 1939 and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
		The Warsaw Uprising, on the other hand, was a struggle of the Polish underground which, between August 1, 1944 and October 2, 1944, conducted an armed struggle aimed at liberating Warsaw and its 1,000,000 inhabitants from the German occupation at the time the Soviet army was approaching the city limits from the east.
	www.warsawuprising.com /faq.htm (2075 words)

	kosc
		Thaddeus Kosciuszko’s legacy is embedded deep within the history of West Point, so much so the Corps of Cadets erected a pedestal and shaft in his honor in 1828.
		Kosciuszko used his military engineering know-how to help gain the freedom of the then-fledgling United States from Britain and later helped Poland attempt an uprising from czarist domination.
		Kosciuszko’s heritage runs back to Belarus where there is a museum opening in his honor in February 2006 that will reproduce his childhood home in the town of Brest.
	www.usma.edu /Publicaffairs/PV/050422/kosc.htm (667 words)

	Kościuszko Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		resulted in uprising against the Russian garrison of Warsaw, led by Jan Kiliński, in the face of indecisiveness of the King of Poland, Stanislaw II Augustus.
		The insurgents were aided by the incompetence of Russian ambassador and commander, Iosif Igelström, and the fact that the chosen day was the Maundy Thursday of the Holy Week when many soldiers of the Russian garrison went to the churches for the Eucharist not carrying their arms.
		On August 20 an uprising in Greater Poland started and the Prussians were forced to withdraw their forces from Warsaw.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising (1731 words)

	Tadeusz Kosciusko
		An account of Kosciuszko's American and Polish military campaigns with section devoted to: Philadelphia, Fort Ticonderoga, the Battle of Saratoga, his Fortification of West Point, his Return to Poland, the Battle of Dubienka, the Kosciuszko Uprising, the Battle of Raclawice, and the Battle of Maciejowice.
		An Australian webpage of the Mt. Kosciuszko Association, since that is the name of the highest peak in Australia.
		The story of a gift of a cloak from Kosciuszko to Jefferson which was emblematic of their friendship and shared ideals of individual liberty and national self-determination.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /web/history/hist_persons/kosciuszko/link.shtml (449 words)

	Sanguszko - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		His chief residence at Slawuta (now in Ukraine) was embellished with a famous collection of Persian carpets, known as Sanguszko carpets.
		After partitions of Poland, Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko fought in the Kosciuszko Uprising and Napoleons Russian campaign.
		His son, Prince Roman Sanguszko, was a Polish officer who parcitipated in the November Uprising, and was exiled to Siberia.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Sanguszko (341 words)

	Polish heritage celebration in October at the North East Digital Village - nedv.net
		Tadeusz Kosciuszko: The first of a galaxy of foreign officers to receive a commission from the Continental Congress to serve in General Washington's army.
		Tadeusz Kosciuszko - The Kosciuszko Uprising: Despite victory at Raclawice, the pressure on Kosciuszko's forces grew.
		The Kosciuszko Foundation: The Kosciuszko Foundation is dedicated to promoting educational and cultural exchanges between the United States and Poland and to increasing American understanding of Polish culture and history.
	nedv.net /community/polish-heritage (555 words)

	Polish History - Part 8
		In 1765, the king founded the Knights School, which produced such graduates as Tadeusz Kosciuszko, J. Jasinski and J.U. Niemcewicz, each of whom later made their mark on the nation's history.
		Despite stout Polish resistance (commanders being Prince Jozef Poniatowski and Tadeusz Kosciuszko) the war of 1792 ended in defeat, abolishment of the Constitution of May 3rd and the second partition was made by Russia and Prussia.
		The fate of the uprising was sealed by the defeat suffered at Maciejowice.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history8.htm (1139 words)

	Wola - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Wola district later became famous for the Polish Army's defence of Warsaw in 1794 during the Kosciuszko Uprising and in 1831 during the November Uprising, when Józef Sowinski and Józef Bem defended the city against tsarist forces.
		During the Warsaw Uprising (August-October 1944), fierce battles raged in Wola.
		Around August 8, Wola was the scene of the largest single massacre of (according to different sources) 40,000 to 50,000 of the Polish population.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Wola (352 words)

	WOJSKO POWSTANIA KOSCIUSZKOWSKIEGO (The Army of the Kosciuszko Uprising)
		Tadeusz Kosciuszko (1746-1817), a Polish soldier, went to America in 1776 and volunteered to fight with the revolutionaries.
		He returned to Poland and joined the Polish army as a major-general at a time when the country was being divided up between Russia and Prussia reducing her to a third of her size before the Treaty of Partition.
		The first includes portraits and drawings of Kosciuszko's officers and men; the second portrays such scenes as camps, bivouacs and marches; the third shows the insurgent army in combat.
	www.naval-military-press.com /catalogue/military-books/2988.htm (363 words)

	ABM -- Tadevush Kastsyushka (Thaddeus Kosciusko)
		Kosciuszko [Kosciusko] graduated from the Warsaw Cadet Corps (1769) and studied at the Paris Military Academy (1774).
		As the supreme commander of the Polish forces he led the Uprising of 1794 in Poland, Belarus, and Lithuania, defending the independence of the Commonwealth against Russians and Prussians.
		Gravely wounded and defeated, he spent two years in a Russian prison, from which he was released in 1796.
	www.belarus-misc.org /kosciusko.htm (1196 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The new reforms, which aimed at changing the Polish political system and freeing the serfs, had little or no effect on the lands lost to the Russians, Prussians and Austrians, and in the unoccupied areas, were too short a duration to be put in practice.
		The insurrection in Krakow in 1846, originally planned as a combined liberation movement which was to begin simultaneously in all three parts of occupied Poland, although unsuccessful, began a wider independence movement in the whole of the Austrian Empire.
		The uprising in Hungary, the unrest of the Galician Poles and revolution in Vienna, although individually unsuccessful, shook the foundations of the Hapsburg monarchy and forced the Austrian authorities to seek accommodation with the restive minorities within their rule.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/w/x/wxk116/sjk/jazch8.html (7262 words)

	History of Dobrzynski family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The defeat of Kosciuszko uprising increased reprisal of Poles by Germans.
		Luczak, a historian of Mogilno region, writes that for small nobles the only way to advance in their lives was to join an army.
		On November 29 1830 was the outbreak of the November Uprising.
	www.dobrzynski.org /englfamilyhistory.htm (2071 words)

	Kościuszko Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Similar uprising was started by Jakub Jasiński in Wilno on April 22 and soon other cities and towns followed.
		Russian forces commanded by Ivan Fersen were withdrawn towards Pilica River.
		A Polish corps under Jan Henryk Dąbrowski captured Bydgoszcz (October 2) and entered Pomerania almost unopposed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kosciuszko_Uprising (1731 words)

	Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Constant interferrence into Polish affairs by Russia and Austria during the eigtheenth century brought in 1772 the 1st Partition of Poland in order to avert war between Russia and Austria.
		Poland lost more territory in a 2nd Partition (1793) which led to a Polish uprising under the national hero Kosciuszko.
		The uprising was suppressed by Prussian and Russian troops.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/civil_n2/histscript6_n2/poland_div.html (113 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Wojniakowski, Kazimierz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1794 he took part in the Kosciuszko Uprising, whose purpose was to gain Poland’s independence from the partitioning powers; after it was crushed he stayed in Pulawy for about two years as a court painter of the Czartoryski princes.
		He painted genre scenes with landscaped backgrounds in the early Neo-classicist manner, influenced to some extent by the Rococo tradition.
		He also painted religious pictures, as well as scenes connected with the political life of Warsaw and the Kosciuszko Uprising (e.g.
	www.artnet.com /library/09/0920/T092001.asp (414 words)

	Slania Joking, Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		"Tadeusz Kosciuszko on Horseback in the Battle of Raclawice", after a painting by Jan Matejko.
		On this stamp, in the upper left corner, is engraved
		The label was auctioned away on Hafnia01 in Copenhagen in October 2001 for the amount of around 12.000 D.kr., corresponding roughly to 1.800 US-dollars.
	slaniastamps.heindorffhus.dk /frame-AboutSlaniaJoking02.htm (450 words)

	Wola - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Józef Sowiński defending Wola during the November Uprising
		The Wola district later became famous for the Polish Army's defence of Warsaw in 1794 during the Kosciuszko Uprising and in 1831 during the November Uprising of 1830-1831.
		It was there that, around August 8, 1944, the Germans perpetrated the largest single massacre of civilians (circa 40,000), including the wounded in hospital, during the Uprising.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Wola (287 words)

	Polish American History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1794 Thaddeus Kosciuszko's uprising fails and the third partition erases
		when a heroic but risky uprising to drive out the Germans fails
		In America, the Polish American Congress is formed to defend the
	www.pacwisconsin.org /new_page_1.htm (1227 words)

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