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Topic: Emperor Kotoku

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Kotoku Shusui (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Kotoku Shusui (November 4, 1871 - January 24, 1911) was a socialist and anarchist who played a leading role in introducing anarchism to Japan in the early 20th century, particularly by translating the works of contemporary European and Russian anarchists, such as Peter Kropotkin, into Japanese.
		Kotoku moved from his birthplace, the town of Nakamura[?] in the Kochi prefecture, to Tokyo in his mid-teens and became a journalist there in 1893.
		Kotoku was hung along with twelve others on 24th January, 1911, even though only four of the hundreds arrested were found to be involved in a planned attempt on the Emperor's life, and Kotoku wasn't one of them.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ko/Kotoku_Shusui?title=Sakai_Toshihiko (782 words)

	Kotoku Shusui at AllExperts
		Kotoku Shusui (å¹¸å¾³ ç§æ°´ KÅtoku ShÅ«sui, November 4 or September 23, 1871–January 24, 1911) was a socialist and anarchist who played a leading role in introducing anarchism to Japan in the early 20th century, particularly by translating the works of contemporary European and Russian anarchists, such as Peter Kropotkin, into Japanese.
		In 1901, when Kotoku had attempted to found the Japanese Social Democratic Party with Sakai, he was not an anarchist, but a social democrat — indeed, Sakai and Kotoku were the first to translate The Communist Manifesto into Japanese, which appeared in an issue of the Common People's Newspaper and which got them heavily fined.
		In November 1905 Kotoku travelled to the United States in order to freely criticise the Emperor of Japan, whom he now saw as the linchpin of capitalism in Japan.
	en.allexperts.com /e/k/ko/kotoku_shusui.htm (832 words)

	Emperor of Japan
		The Emperor of Japan (天皇 tennō) is Japan's titular head of state and the head of the Japanese Imperial Family.
		The role of the Emperor of Japan has alternated between that of a supreme-rank cleric with largely symbolic powers and that of an actual imperial ruler from the dawn of history until the mid-twentieth century.
		Cloistered Emperors have been known to come into conflict with their offical counterparts from time to time; a notable example is the Hogen Rebellion of 1156, in which the former Emperor Sutoku attempted to seize power from the current Emperor Go-Shirakawa.
	www.kiwipedia.com /emperor-of-japan.html (338 words)

	Abe Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Nakatomi family, being releatives of the emperor, were given the honor and responsibility of keeping the animistic religion which evolved into Shinto.
		Later, when Prince Naka no Oe became Emperor Tenji, reigning from 661 to 672, Kamatari Nakatomi, in 669, was given the name of Fujiwara, in remembrance of the the spot where the coup plot had originated.
		Emperor Seiwa was of imperial blood, having had a Fujiwara mother who was married into the imperial family.
	www.kcnet.com /~denis/abe/abefamly.htm (1269 words)

	Shusui, Kotoko, 1871-1911 \| libcom.org
		Kotoku Shusui was a socialist and anarchist who played a leading role in introducing anarchism to Japan in the early 20th century, particularly by translating the works of contemporary European and Russian anarchists, such as Peter Kropotkin, into Japanese.
		In 1901, when Kotoku had attempted to found the Japanese Social Democratic Party with Sakai, he was not an anarchist, but a social democrat - indeed, Sakai and Kotoku were the first to translate The Communist Manifesto into Japanese, which appeared in an issue of the Common People's Newspaper and which got them heavily fined.
		Kotoku was hanged along with twelve others on 24th January, 1911, even though only four of the hundreds arrested were found to be involved in a planned attempt on the Emperor's life, and Kotoku wasn't one of them.
	libcom.org /history/articles/1871-1911-kotoko-shusui (834 words)

	Nara: Ikaruga
		Kibihime-O was the mother of Emperor Kotoku and Emperor Saimei, and the grandmother of Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Tenmu.
		Emperor Tenmu was the fortieth Emperor and Empress Jito was the 41st empress.
		Emperor Tenmu won his position with the victory of Jinshin War, fought against the son of the previous emperor, in 672.
	www.cis.doshisha.ac.jp /kkitao/Japan/Nara/asuka/asuka.htm (1888 words)

	Emperor Kotoku - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		was the 36th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
		In 653 Kotoku sent an embassy to Tang Dynasty, but not all ships could reach China because of wrecking.
		Naka no Ōe ignored the emperor's policy and moved to the former province.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Kotoku (371 words)

	The Rise of the Military Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There is record of an Emperor ascending the throne at the age of two, and abdicating at the age of four; another Mikado was appointed at the age of five; several at the age of ten.
		By them Emperor or shôgun could be deposed and banished without scruple; and the helplessness of the shôgunate can be inferred from the fact, that the seventh Hôjô regent, before deposing the seventh shôgun, sent him home in a palanquin, head downwards and heels upwards.
		The poverty prevailing may be best imagined from the fact that when the Emperor known to history as Go-Tsuchi-mikado--one hundred and second of the Sun's Succession--died in the year 1500, his corpse had to be kept at the gates of the palace forty days, because the expenses of the funeral could not be defrayed.
	allstarz.hollywood.com /religioustext/shi/jai/jai14.htm (4915 words)

	Japan, 500–1000 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Until 710, the capital city is usually moved after the death of the reigning emperor.
		Emperor Shomu establishes an official scriptorium (Shakyoshi, later called Shakyojo) within the grounds of the imperial palace.
		The practice of marrying their daughters to emperors and serving as regents to the resulting sons, who are frequently enthroned at a young age, forms the basis of Fujiwara influence.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/06/eaj/ht06eaj.htm (1235 words)

	The empress' new clothes and Japanese women, 1868-1912. (Empress Haruko's adoption of Western dress) - HighBeam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The emperor's new clothes meant that after 1872, the emperor and empress were a mismatched pair, he in his Western military uniform and she in her Japanese attire.
		Her Western gowns served the same function as the emperor's military uniform, and the close-fitting bodices, full skirts, white gloves, and diamond tiaras were a uniform.
		Just as the emperor's assumption of Western military dress coincided with the military conscription of his subjects, so the empress adopted her uniform at the very time that the state summoned Japanese women into its uniformed service.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-14241203.html (4878 words)

	Japanese History \| History of Japan :: Japan Visitor
		From 710 the capital was the patterned Chinese-style city of Nara: an incongruous island of Chineseness in a landscape of pit dwellings, signifying the aristocracy’s break from tribal culture.
		The first Heian Emperor Kammu was probably the most powerful of any Emperor before or since, but after his death in 806 the Fujiwara increased in political power by providing the imperial house with Fujiwara concubines and imperial consorts, thus forging marriage bonds that gave Fujiwara nobles access to the highest Court administrative positions.
		Emperors usually officially reigned for a very short time before placing a boychild on the throne and retiring to really rule from behind the scenes not only free of the constrictions of courtly decorum and ritual but free to exercise the power bestowed on them by the enormous imperial wealth they thereby gained access to.
	www.japanvisitor.com /index.php?cID=359&pID=334&cName=Japanese (5178 words)

	Soga clan - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Soga no Iname served as Great Minister from 536 until his death in 570, and was the first of the Soga to carry to extreme lengths the domination of the Throne by the nobility.
		One of the chief ways he exerted his influence was through marital connections with the Imperial family; Iname married one of his daughters to Emperor Kinmei.
		In an ironic way, the Soga unified and strengthened the country by expanding the power of the Emperor as a symbol and spiritual leader, even as they, a line of non-imperial nobles, took control of secular matters.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Soga (539 words)

	Taika Reform - encyclopedia article about Taika Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Reform began with land reform, based on Confucian ideas and philosophies from China, but the true aim of the reforms was to bring about greater centralization and to enhance the power of the imperial court, which was also based on the governmental structure of China.
		Those who were against Soga's dictatorship included the emperor's brother Karu, the emperor's son Naka no Ōe, along with his friend Nakatomi no Kamatari, and his son-in-law Soga no Ishikawamaro (Iruka's cousin).
		The new emperor, together with the Imperial Prince Naka no Ōe, issued a series of reform measures that culminated in the Taika Reform Edicts in 646.
	www.dr-science.org /wiki/Taika_Reform_Edicts (725 words)

	Chronology of the New Peoples
		The emperor Augustulus (Romulus Augustus) is deposed by the Herulian (Saxon) leader Odovacar (Odoacer); because he is a mere boy, Augustulus is sent off to Naples with an annual pension of 6,000 pieces of gold.
		The leader of the Soga clan urges their acceptance, the emperor grants permission to build a temple to house and worship the Buddhist image, but as soon as it is enshrined an epidemic sweeps the countryside.
		Sushun is succeeded by the widow of the late emperor Bintas; now 38, she will reign for 35 years beginning next year as the empress Suiko.
	www.b17.com /family/lwp/chronology/new_people.html (9828 words)

	Niibari - SamuraiWiki
		Before Hitachi province (present-day Ibaraki province) was formed in the 7th century (under Emperor Kotoku's reign), the region was made up of six smaller regions, one of which was Nihihari.
		He was commanded by either Emperor Sujin or Yamato Takeru (sources differ) to create a well.
		Emperor Kotoku's reign coincided with the Taika Reform, which places the creation of Hitachi province and the making of Nihihari as a district therein, at the same general time period.
	wiki.samurai-archives.com /index.php?title=Niibari (176 words)

	Chopstick Cinema
		The most recently completed era in Japan is the Showa era, which began with the the ascension of Emperor Hirohito in 1926, and ended with his death in 1989, ushering in the present era which is Heisei, with the ascension of Emperor Akihito.
		Emperor Shotoku Taishi (574-622) established a centralized government and encouraged the spread of Buddhism and the teachings of Confucius.
		The Empress Kogyoku was removed from the throne and replaced by her younger brother, who became Emperor Kotoku.
	weblogs.thingsasian.com /tablogs/page/cheiter?entry=about_the_fresh_ingredients (1064 words)

	Shintoism
		State Shinto, which is to be regarded as a patriotic ritual by the citizens irrespective of their religion, paid homage to the Emperor, and was established in 1882.
		Amaterasu sent her son Ni-ni-gi down to rule Japan for her, and thence the imperial line took its origin (this tradition in recent times was given exaggerated emphasis in order to make Shinto into an ideology justifying a nationalistic expansionist policy).
		Emperor Meiji -The Japanese emperor who established Shinto as the state religion of Japan.
	www.greatcom.org /resources/handbook_of_todays_religions/03chap06/default.htm (2956 words)

	Emperor Kotoku Information
		was the 36th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
		In 653 Kotoku sent an embassy to Tang Dynasty, but not all ships could reach China because of wrecking.
		Naka no Ōe held the rank of crown prince and was the de facto leader of the government.
	www.bookrags.com /Emperor_Kotoku (348 words)

	Sinister Designs: Yoshitoshi Tsukioka
		It is said that the Emperor wished to make him an envoy to China, but Sugawara, not wishing to go, argued that it was more important to build Japanese culture than imitate China, bringing the tradition of scholars' visits to China to an end.
		He decided to serve the Emperor in his father's place, and got away by leaping the castle moat using a bamboo tree, then won the support of a mountain priest who force a fishing boat to return to shore by using a miraculous prayer, and got Hino away over the sea.
		Emperor Go-Daigo became a historical model for the Meiji Restoration for his unsuccessful attempt, in the 14th century, to wrest power from the Hojo clan and restore Imperial government.
	www.sinister-designs.com /graphicarts/accomplishments.html (3148 words)

	Early Japan
		The Japanese calendar officially begins with the 660 BC, the year Jimmu Tenno, the first emperor of Japan is believed to have taken the throne.with the first emperor of Japan.
		It clarified that the ruler was emperor ruling by the Decree of Heaven and not a clan leader.
		It gave the emperor absolute power and control over all the former separate states which were from that time on referred to as provinces.
	www.lakelandschools.us /lh/modonnell/virtualjapan/earlyjapan.htm (1301 words)

	Seiryuu Consequences: Being Seiryuu
		Kotoku continued to play soothing rhythms with the barest whisper of ki infused into the melody, when all of a sudden Hotohori crumpled.
		Kotoku was getting uneasy, the more time increased between the last attempt on their lives.
		Kotoku skidded to a halt in the clearing and cried out as the sight wracked against his eyes grown wide and glassy.
	www.fyredancer.net /misc/SCillusion.html (8710 words)

	The Yamato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It states the Confucian belief that the universe is composed of three realms, Heaven, Man, and Earth, and that the Emperor is placed in authority by the will of Heaven in order to guarantee the welfare of his subjects.
		The "great king" of earlier Japanese history would be replaced by the Tenno, or "Heavenly Emperor." The Seventeen Article Constitution stressed the Confucian virtues of harmony, regularity, and the importance of the moral development of government officials.
		The ruler was no longer a clan leader, but Emperor that ruled by the Decree of Heaven and exercised absolute authority.
	www.angelfire.com /il/FAMOUSempires/yamato.html (978 words)

	Geschiedenis van Japan : De Taika Hervorming
		In the reign of the Emperor who ruled the world in the Palace of Wosada, Soga no Mumako no Sukune, influenced by reverence for his deceased father, continued to prize highly the doctrines of Buddha.
		Let the people established by the ancient Emperors, etc., as representatives of children be abolished, also the Miyake of various places and the people owned as serfs by the Wake, the Omi, the Muraji, the Tomo no Miyakko, the Kuni no Miyakko and the Mura no Obito.
		Therefore the Sage Rulers, that is, the Emperors, take Heaven as their model in ruling the World, and never for a moment dismiss from their breasts the thought of how men shall gain their fit place.
	home.tiscali.be /boudewijn/taika.htm (4587 words)

	THE ANARCHIST MOVEMENT IN JAPAN - Chapter One: 1906-1911
		However, Kôtoku was becoming increasingly aware of the extent to which the Emperor was the linchpin of both the ideology and the machinery of the state, which together kept capitalism in existence in Japan.
		On the Emperor's birthday, on 3 November 1907, some of those associated with the Social Revolutionary Party issued in the USA a leaflet headed "Terrorism" (Ansatsushugi) which threatened an armed assault on the Emperor.
		When the trial was held in December 1910, it was closed to the public and the state's handling of the entire investigation indicated that it was not going to let legal niceties interfere with its determination to cripple the anarchist movement.
	www.spunk.org /texts/places/japan/sp001883/japchap1.html (4944 words)

	Empress ruled the Empire? - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		She was simply a concubine of Tang Taizong that Emperor Gao Zhong of Tang retrieved from the nunnery (she was forced to go to a nunnery when Tai Zhong died, but the emperor Gao Zhong had her fished out of that place again) and was given a title rank of Gui Fei or something.
		Later, Emperor Gao Zhong died and Wu proclaimed herself the new Emperor of the Wu Zhou dynasty.
		Just to add on: Empress (or Emperor) Wu Zhao ran into a constitutional dead-end when she founded her Zhou dynasty, because if she passed the throne to her son he would be a Li, and the Tang dynasty would start all over again.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=469&mode=linearplus (4406 words)

	The Ultimate Empress Kogyoku of Japan Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		After Kotoku died in 655, she reascended the throne as Saimei, and ruled under that name until her death.
		She was the wife and empress of the Emperor Jomei.
		After Emperor Kotoku died, though Nakanooe was the crown prince, he had his mother reascend the throne, and remained as the crown prince under his mother.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Saimei (362 words)

	The Asuka Era 552-710
		The building was destroyed by fire in 670 and the present buildings were constructed late in the 7th century.
		Emperor Tenji died in 671 leaving two apparent successors, one his elder son Prince Otomo and the other Prince Oama.
		The Taika Reforms were developed into a code known as the Ritsuryo under Emperor Tenmu and were later improved upon by his grandson, Mommu.
	www.bookmice.net /darkchilde/japan/jh1.html (756 words)

	Article: Asian Women as Rulers - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		The semi-mythical Empress Jingu is even supposed to have led an invasion of Korea in the 3rd century while pregnant with the child of her late husband the emperor (this son was later deified as the Japanese war god Hachiman).
		It was impossible for a Fujiwara to occupty the throne directly, either as emperor or empress, so the Fujiwara had no interest in seeing an empress on the throne because that would mean she was not one of theirs.
		But from 592 to 770 Japan had six female emperors who had eight reigns (two of them reigned twice), which is half of the total of 16 reigns in that period.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=3406 (3897 words)

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