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Topic: Koyra Chiini language

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	Language
		Most languages are known to belong to language families.
		Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram.
		Languages that cannot be reliably classified into any family are known as language isolates.
	www.angindia.com /biographyland/biography_language.html (462 words)

	Songhay languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Songhay languages are a group of closely related language s/ dialect s centered on the Niger river, widely used as a lingua franca, particularly thanks to the medieval Songhay Empire.
		Southern Songhai is spoken mainly along and south of the Niger river; it includes Zarma (Djerma), a major language of Niger with 2 million speakers, Dendi in Benin, and in Mali Koyraboro Senni with 400,000 speakers, Humburi Senni, and Koyra Chiini.
		Languages in Bergonia Grammar, phonology and scripts for two artificial languages, Nacateca (based loosely on Central American languages) and Minidun.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Songhay_languages.html (465 words)

	Timbuktu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Timbuktu or Timbuctu (Koyra Chiini: Tumbutu, French: Tombouctou) is a city populated by the Songhay, Tuareg, Fulani, and Moorish people in the West African country of Mali.
		It is often said to lie on the River Niger, but is actually 20 kilometres north of the river.
		The main language of Timbuktu is a Songhay variety termed Koyra Chiini, spoken by over 80% of residents.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Tombouctou (1855 words)

	songhay languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Songhay languages are a group of closely related languages/dialects centered on the Niger river, widely used as a lingua franca, particularly thanks to the medieval Songhay Empire.
		The much smaller Northern Songhai is a group of heavily Berber-influenced dialects spoken in the Sahara, including Tadaksahak in northern Mali, Tasawaq and Tagdal in northern Niger, the extinct Emghedeshie of Agadez, and Korandje on the Algeria-Morocco border at Tabelbala.
		A Grammar of Koyra Chiini, the Songhay of Timbuktu Mouton de Gruyter: Mouton Grammar Series, pp.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /songhay_languages.html (242 words)

	ODIN results for language Songhay, Koyra Chiini (KHQ)
		For those results that indicate Verified as "Highest" or "High", all instances of IGT in the document have been manually verified both to be IGT and to be in the language specified.
		"Low" indicates that the language was not verified, although the instances discovered are IGT.
		For more information about the language selected, click the language name or language code above and the Ethnologue report page for the language will be opened.
	www.csufresno.edu /odin/igt_urls.php?lang=KHQ (227 words)

	Songhai languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Songhay languages are a group of closely related languages / dialects centered on the Niger river, widely used as a lingua franca,particularly thanks to the medieval Songhay Empire.
		Southern Songhai is spoken mainly along and south of the Niger river; it includes Zarma (Djerma), a major language of Niger with 2 million speakers, Dendi in Benin,and in Mali Koyraboro Senni with 400,000 speakers, Humburi Senni, and Koyra Chiini.
		The much smaller Northern Songhai is a group of heavily Berber -influenced dialectsspoken in the Sahara, including Tadaksahak in northern Mali, Tasawaq and Tagdal in northern Niger, the extinct Emghedeshie of Agadez, and Korandje on the Algeria - Morocco border at Tabelbala.
	www.therfcc.org /songhai-languages-141931.html (197 words)

	Songhai languages -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Songhai languages are spoken mainly along the Niger River, from Djenné; and Timbuktu in Mali eastward as far as Benin, with extensions into adjacent countries.
		This industry, which dates to the 8th millennium BC, is a conglomeration of cultures that exploited the food resources of lakes, rivers, and surrounding areas from Lake Rudolf in East Africa to the bend of the Niger River in West Africa during a long era of wetter climate...
		Often foreigners refer to African people who speak the same language as members of the same “tribe.” Although the family is the most important social unit in Africa, non-Africans mistakenly overemphasize the “tribe.” Indeed, the use of the term is inappropriate; African peoples should instead be referred to as belonging to different societies.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9118220 (848 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: List_of_languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural languages spoken or signed by humans.
		See List of languages by name: Z for about 50 more.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=List_of_languages (839 words)

	EveryTongue.com Language Recordings Main page
		Now 97.9% of humans can hear their language via our site.
		Here you can listen to a recording in a language you know and then listen to the same recording in a language that you want to learn.
		Or go to list one and search by country name then language.
	www.everytongue.com (531 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.1577: Unmarked Possessives
		Other languages with variation between a possessive marker and juxtaposition show a functional difference: the choice between the possessive marker and juxtaposition depends on alienability.
		For most of the languages that were mentioned I have no idea whether or not they have articles, and if so, to what extent they can be used with the unmarked possessive construction.
		Furthermore, languages that do mark the possessor do not always use the possessor as a free-standing argument, witness the ungrammaticality of "ce livre est de Jean" and "this book is of John".
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/12/12-1577.html (860 words)

	Songhay languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Its largest member is Zarma (Djerma), a major language of Niger with 2 million speakers spoken throughout much of southern Niger including the capital Niamey.
		In Mali, Koyraboro Senni with 400,000 speakers, and Koyra Chiini to its west, are spoken almost exclusively along the banks of the Niger, while Humburi Senni is spoken in a linguistic island around Hombori, well to its south.
		However, Nicolaï eventually concluded that this approach was not adequate, and in 1990 proposed a distinctly novel hypothesis: that Songhay is a Berber-based creole restructured under Mande influence.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Songhay-languages.htm (790 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Mosetén belongs to the small, unclassified language family Mosetenan and is spoken by roughly 800 people in the foothills of the Bolivian Andes and the adjoining lowland region.
		— Grammar of the creole language of the Berbice colony in Guyana.
		— A language of the Gbe dialect cluster, spoken mainly in the former kingdom of Dahomey in southern Benin and Togo.
	linguistics.buffalo.edu /ssila/Mouton/mouton.htm (1170 words)

	Songhay, Koyra Chiini — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/khq (206 words)

	Lingua franca - All About All (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The term lingua franca is Italian (literally "Frankish language"), derived from the Arabic connotation of the "Franks" (ancient Germans) as a generic term for Europeans.
		This mixed language (pidgin, creole) was used for communication throughout the Middle East as a diplomatic language, hence the term "lingua franca" has become common for any language used by speakers of different languages to communicate with one another.
		French has been the language of diplomacy in Europe from the 17th century, and as a result is still the working language of international institutions and is seen on documents ranging from passports to airmail letters.
	www.answers-zone.com /article/Lingua_franca (591 words)

	World Architecture Images- Mali- Timbuktu
		Timbuktu (Archaic English: Timbuctoo; Koyra Chiini: Tumbutu; French: Tombouctou) is a city in Mali, West Africa.
		It is home to the prestigious Qur'anic Sankore University and other madrasas, and was an intellectual and spiritual capital and centre for the propagation of Islam throughout Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries.
		The main language of Timbuktu is a Songhay variety termed Koyra Chiini, spoken by over 80% of residents.
	www.essential-architecture.com /A-AFRICA/MALI/MAL-001.htm (2345 words)

	Bay Foreign Language Books Ltd
		Suppliers of language learning material in over 520 languages.
		By selecting a Language and/or Topic from the Language and/or Topic boxes, all books, matching your selection will be listed.
		Alternatively, when a word contained within a title is entered into this box, all books whose title contain that keyword will be listed.
	www.baylanguagebooks.co.uk /search.asp (94 words)

	Association for Linguistic Typology: Grammar Notices
		Second, characteristics that would be predicted given other features of a language (such as postpositions in a VSO language).
		A Grammar of Koyra Chiini: The Songhay of Timbuktu.
		An Ethnographic Grammar of the Eipo Language Spoken in the Central Mountains of Irian Jaya (West New Guinea), Indonesia.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /fss/organisations/alt/gramnot.htm (933 words)

	Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - How long to learn Japanese?
		Japanese is a much harder language to learn than a romance language and expect to take twice as long to become fluent in Japanese as it does to learn German.
		If you have never undertaken foreign language study before, you may be unfamiliar with how languages are acquired.
		You have to become a "language leech" of sorts, using people for language practice, and not so much using them just to speak Japanese but actually get to know them and have conversations in a normal way.
	www.eslcafe.com /forums/job/viewtopic.php?t=27531 (4366 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One can observe most of the typological variation within Mali, which has two major riverine languages Koyra Chiini (KCh) and Koyraboro Senni (KS) on the Niger R., one urban enclave Djenné; Chiini (DjCh) closely related to KCh, and two isolated montane languages Humburi Senni (HS) and the newly discovered Tondi Songway Kiini (TSK).
		KCh and DjCh constitute Western Songhay in contrast to the remaining riverine, urban, and montane languages of Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Benin, which constitute Eastern Songhay.
		The data illustrate the promise of micro-typological and historical study within small, little-known language families, of which there are many in West Africa.
	www.ohiou.edu /alta/heath.htm (486 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.1623: African Languages
		Jeffrey Heath A Grammar of Koyra Chiini The Songhay of Timbuktu 1998.
		Though the main grammar is based squarely on the Timbuktu variety, there is a short appendix on dialects farther upriver, and a long appendix on Djenne Chiini, a remarkable offshoot of Koyra Chiini spoken in the Songhay enclave city of Djenne.
		This comparative material is of special importance in that Koyra Chiini (and Djenne Chiini) are possible semi-creolized Songhay varieties dating from the westward expansion of the Songhay Empire (capital: Gao) of the late Middle Ages.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/9/9-1623.html (358 words)

	Songhai languages -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		At least six varieties are usually distinguished, although the question of how many distinct Songhai languages should be recognized is undecided.
		With two million speakers, Zarma ranks among the major languages of Africa in terms of number of speakers.
		The other five major Songhai languages together have more than one million speakers: Western Songhai (with Djenne Chiini and Koyra Chiini as main varieties), Central Songhai (with Humburi Senni and Kaado as main varieties), Eastern Songhai (Koyraboro Senni), Dendi, and Tadaksahak.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9118220 (930 words)

	Keyman Desktop Keyboards - Tavultesoft
		It was expanded to cover all the European languages written in Latin script.
		Eastern Congo Unicode keyboard for languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
		A language of Democratic Republic of the Congo.
	www.tavultesoft.com /keyman/downloads/keyboards/index.php?Submit=1 (1895 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:khq
		Closely related languages: Koyraboro Senni Songhay, Humburi Senni Songhay, Zarma, Dendi.
		In Timbuktu they are mainly monolingual, some French, Tamasheq, Arabic; In Djenné most are bilingual or multilingual in French, Bambara, or other languages.
		Djenné Chiini phonology, lexicon, basic inflection almost identical to Koyra Chiini, but syntax (especially relativization and focalization) very different; Djenné has 7 vowels to 5 for Koyra Chinni (J. Heath); Kaado has 3 tones, West Songhay no tones.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=khq (183 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:KHQ
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Djenné Chiini phonology, lexicon, basic inflection almost identical to Koyra Chiini, but syntax (especially relativization and focalization) very different; Djenné has 7 vowels to 5 for Koyra Chinni (J. Heath).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=KHQ (187 words)

	Joshua Project - Peoples by Country Profiles
		Send Joshua Project a map of the Songhai-Koyra Chini of Mali to display here.
		Help create a NT recording for this language
		Register your ministry activity among this people group.
	www.joshuaproject.net /peopctry.php?rop3=210077&rog3=ML (251 words)

	Ethnologue report for Mali
		National or official languages: French, Bamanankan, Bomu, Tieyaxo Bozo, Toro So Dogon, Maasina Fulfulde, Hasanya Arabic, Mamara Senoufo, Kita Maninkakan, Soninke, Koyraboro Senni Songhay, Syenara Senoufo, Tamasheq, Xaasongaxango.
		Along the northern border of the plateau, separated from the Tommo So area to its south by a mainly uninhabited plain east of Dia, and a deep ravine running westward from Dia to the cliff that ends the plateau.
		Closely related languages: Koyra Chiini Songhay, Humburi Senni Songhay, Zarma, Dendi.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Mali (1707 words)

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