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	Alaska Native Languages -- Koyukon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Koyukon occupies the largest territory of any Alaskan Athabascan language.
		It is spoken in three dialects - Upper, Central, and Lower - in 11 villages along the Koyukuk and middle Yukon rivers.
		Since the early 1970s, native Koyukon speaker Eliza Jones has produced much linguistic material for use in schools and by the general public.
	www.uaf.edu /anlc/langs/ka.html (83 words)

	Koyukon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Koyukon are a group of Athabaskan people living in northern Alaska.
		Their traditional home is along the Koyukuk and Yukon rivers where they subsisted by hunting and trapping for thousands of years.
		This Indigenous languages of the Americas-related article is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Koyukon (85 words)

	[No title]
		Koyukon people, according to Nelson’s account, do distinguish clearly between the two: humans have souls (which they denote by a word that literally translates as ‘eye-flutterer’), whereas animals have spirits.
		As a Koyukon person you have, therefore, to treat the non-human component of the environment at all times with the same respect and consideration that one would normally extend towards fellow human beings.
		Koyukon hunters and trappers, moving around in their environment, are continually watching, and being watched.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /anthropology/051102.doc (3481 words)

	Koyukon Language, Past and Present
		Night after night, while her mother sewed by the light of a coal oil lamp, Jones and her two brothers, snug in bed rolls atop mattresses stuffed with moose hair, would listen as their stepfather spun narratives of long ago when animals were people.
		In 1973 Jones enrolled in a language class taught by one of the Henrys at the University of Alaska.
		She said she fears it won't be long before the Koyukon language is not spoken fluently.
	litsite.alaska.edu /uaa/aktraditions/koyukon.html (1473 words)

	The Alaskan Shepherd
		Her Koyukon name Neelteloyeeneelno ('she has versatile talent' or 'she has more than one project going at the same time') was given by her grandmother Cecilia Happy, a skilled seamstress, hunter, and fish cutter who gave the name as a way of recording her own story and passing on her talents.
		Nevertheless, she felt frustrated because, even though she was a Native speaker of Koyukon, she had no experience reading or writing the language and no knowledge of the orthography that was being used in the Bible translation.
		It was in the next decade, with the rise of bilingual education and the growth of Native language learning opportunities, that she acquired and polished those skills.
	www.cbna.info /shepherd/may01/may01.html (1997 words)

	LakotaArchives.com - American Indian Religions 4
		The Koyukon Indians inhabit a huge expanse of wild country in northwestern interior Alaska, extending well to the north and south of the Arctic Circle.
		Unlike the Lakota Sioux, the Iroquois and the Ojibwa, for example, the Koyukon have no conception of a single, all-powerful creator or 'deity' - the Koyukon universe is bound together by a tightly-woven web of spirits that abide within animals, plants, humans, and other living things.
		According to Koyukon oral history, at the beginning of time - called the Distant Time by the Koyukon - all beings were human: they had human forms, lived in human societies and spoke a human language.
	www.lakotaarchives.com /natrelig4.html (417 words)

	ATHABASKAN LANGUAGES AND THE SCHOOLS
		In Alaska, for example, in areas where the territory of one Native group bordered on another's, it was common for members of one group to speak the language of their neighbors as well.
		For example, even though Koyukon and Kutchin (see map [link to it]) are extremely different, many people near their border have always been able at least to understand and often to speak their neighbors' language through trade, intermarriage, and ceremonial gatherings.
		Koyukon and Tanana, for example, might be said to be as different as French and Spanish, while Koyukon and Kutchin might be as different as English and Italian.
	www.alaskool.org /LANGUAGE/Athabaskan/Athabas_Lng.htm (1830 words)

	ANLC Publications -- Koyukon Athabascan
		Koyukon Language Curriculum Student Workbook (Eng) by C. Thompson, M. Axelrod, and E. Jones.
		Koyukon Athabaskan Dictionary (Eng) by Jules Jetté and Eliza Jones.
		Koyukon Athabascan Dance Songs One 30 minute cassette tape.
	www.uaf.edu /anlc/pubs/ka.html (288 words)

	Koyukon - TheBestLinks.com - Alaska, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Yukon River, TheBestLinks.com:Stub, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Koyukon - TheBestLinks.com - Alaska, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Yukon River, TheBestLinks.com:Stub,...
		Koyukon, Alaska, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Yukon River...
		The Koyukon are a group of Athabascan people living in northern Alaska.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Koyukon.html (117 words)

	Alaska Division of Community Advocacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Koyukon Athabascans traditionally had spring, summer, fall, and winter camps, and moved as the wild game migrated.
		Friendships and trading between the Koyukon and Inupiat Eskimos of the Kobuk area has occurred for generations.
		Residents are primarily Koyukon Athabascans with a subsistence lifestyle.
	www.dced.state.ak.us /dca/commdb/CF_BLOCK.cfm?Comm_Boro_Name=Koyukuk&Data_Type=Overview (598 words)

	Alaska's Birds of Prey, Raptors, Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		To the Koyukon Athapaskans, the preeminent sage among the owls is the great horned owl.
		The Koyukon also used the owl as a bugbear with which to threaten children in order to make them comply with the wishes of their elders.
		The Koyukon name for the goshawk is “Yoda,” which means “flies high.” Koyukon consider the osprey a miser because it can hold slippery fish as it flies, clutching its possessions and refusing to part with them.
	www.wildlifeviewing.alaska.gov /index.cfm?adfg=birds.raptors (1726 words)

	McGraw-Hill/Dushkin: PowerWeb Article
		Koyukon hunters know that an animal’s life ebbs slowly, that it remains aware and sensitive to how people treat its body.
		I spent about two years in Koyukon Indian villages and just over a year with Inupiaq Eskimos on the Arctic coast—traveling by dog team and snowmobile, recording traditional knowledge, and learning the hunter’s way.
		A Koyukon elder, who took it upon himself to be my teacher, was fond of telling me: “Each animal knows way more than you do.” He spoke as if it summarized all that he understood and believed.
	www.dushkin.com /olc/genarticle.mhtml?article=13088 (2582 words)

	Structure, Metaphor and Iconicity in Koyukon Shamanistic Stories - Questia Online Library
		I remember reading a manuscript by a scholar whom I respect on the Koyukon story Ggaadook as told by Sally Pilot (Pilot 1975, 1986), in which he made what to my mind was a masterful analysis of the story linking the Koyukon riddletelling tradition to metaphoric riddles embedded within the story.
		The Koyukon live along the Yukon and Koyukuk Rivers in Alaska and speak a language belonging to the Athapaskan language family (which includes Navajo and Apache among others).
		The other major Koyukon genre of narrative is Yoogh Done Ts'ednee ("long ago -- it is said"), which includes true stories from a less distant past, and corresponds roughly to the folkloristic term "legend." The two genres share much in common; both include war stories and stories of shamanistic power.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=76957837 (461 words)

	Deer to our culture
		Then he studied the Koyukon and Gwitch'in cultures learning their hunting methods, their views of the world and, especially their ways of interacting with animals.
		In the 1960s, many hunting and cultural traditions were still being practiced before the widespread influx of snow machines, government housing and other cultural intrusions.He maintained the skills of one trained in western science, but he was also open to cultural ideas that reached beyond the industrialized world.
		They are given a special power to know the landscape, I was told that this is the Koyukon reason why people should never set traps for them." One of his best known books records his reflections of three years hunting and exploring an island on the southeastern Alaskan coast.
	www.wnrmag.com /stories/1998/dec98/nelson.htm (2311 words)

	LakotaArchives.com - Print American Indian Religions Article
		As a result of this dynamic concept of spirit, 'good' and 'evil', fortune and misfortune, are seen to be necessary and inevitable parts of life.
		For the Koyukon, ritual is more concerned with pleasing and placating the spirits, whereas for the Lakota, ritual is more concerned with spiritual and physical renewal, spiritual guidance and thanksgiving.
		During the vision quest, for example, the participant will seek advice on a specific matter or general guidelines for living from a spiritual guide, which will usually appear to him or her in the form of a visionary animal or bird.
	www.lakotaarchives.com /natreligpr.html (3528 words)

	Make Prayers to the Raven: A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest
		A blending of ethnography, personal reflections, and natural history,Make Prayers to the Raven is a moving account of the Koyukon people, who follow a traditional lifeway of hunting, trapping, and fishing in remote villages scattered across the Alaskan boreal forest.
		Intimacy with nature is the foundation of their existence, and they have accumulated a masterly knowledge of their environment.
		The Koyukon hunter moves through a watchful forest, kills with humility and respect, and treats his catch as a being filled with power.
	www.zooscape.com /cgi-bin/maitred/WhitePulp/isbn0226571637 (229 words)

	Sharing Our Pathways Volume 6, Issue 4
		Velma Schafer is a certified teacher from Allakaket and is a fluent speaker of Koyukon Athabascan.
		The students were taught Central Koyukon terms that enabled them to introduce themselves in the language stating their English name, their Koyukon name, their hometown and a short description of themselves.
		They were given a Central Koyukon name according to their personal characteristics, if they did not already have one.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /sop/SOPv6i4.html (9174 words)

	Raven - ADF Neopagan Druidism
		At dawn, the ravens were released to explore the earth and return at night to whisper the secrets they had discovered into Odin's ear.
		Oral history relates that the raven first made people from rocks, but they proved to be too strong, so the raven destroyed the people and recreated them with sand instead.
		Because of these beliefs, the Koyukon consider the raven to be sacred.
	www.adf.org /articles/gods-and-spirits/raven.html (639 words)

	Melissa Axelrod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Axelrod, M. "Lexis, grammar, and grammatical change: The Koyukon classifier prefixes." In Noonan, M. et al (Eds.) Functionalism and Formalism in Linguistics.
		Axelrod, M. "The semantics of classification in Koyukon Athabaskan." In Fernald, T. and P. Platero (Eds.) Athabaskan Syntax and Semantics.
		Axelrod, M. "Incorporation in Koyukon Athabaskan." IJAL 56:179-95.
	www.unm.edu /~linguist/faculty_pages/Axelrod.html (117 words)

	[No title]
		Inspired by stories her mother, Flora Jane Harper, told her and by a vision she had of her grandmother, Louise Minook Harper, she decided it was important to write the stories down as a way of ensuring they would be passed on.
		While she realized most Alaska Native history had been written by academics, she wanted her book to be a unique one, which captured the history that had been lost between the lines.
		She also wanted to reveal the integrity of the Koyukon Athabascan people today and how they are linked to the past with stories that still carry important meaning and knowledge.
	www.ciri.com /newsletter/june2001/author.html (621 words)

	Alaska Native (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Roger grew up hunting, fishing, and trapping in the Koyukon region of interior Alaska.
		Aside from ministering alongside her husband, Carole's greatest joy is "grandmothering" nine grandchildren.
		Roger and Carole are actively involved in Kokrine Hills Bible Camp, which provides a Christian camp environment for between 30 and 90 youth from Koyukon Indian and Inupiat Eskimo villages.
	home.gci.net /~faith.christian/alaskanative.html (502 words)

	GeoNative - Gwich'in / Ahtna / Koyukon / Tanana / Dena'ina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		GeoNative - Gwich'in / Ahtna / Koyukon / Tanana / Dena'ina
		Orri honetan, Alaskako zenbait hizkuntza atapaskar ditugu: Gwich'in, Ahtna, Koyukon, Tanana eta Dena'ina.
		The Koyukon or Ten'a people live in Alaska, along the Koyukuk and middle Yukon Rivers.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/gwichin.html (614 words)

	Minchumina Area History
		Life of the Koyukon Indians was focused around seasonal activities.
		The Koyukon populations were once thought to have been quite large, but due to wars between Koyukon and Tanana groups in the 19th century, and diseases in the 20th century their numbers decreased tremendously.
		They were the last of the Koyukon Athabascans in the area.
	www.nps.gov /akso/ParkWise/Students/ReferenceLibrary/DENA/Denali_People_Land/Minchumina.html (1458 words)

	National Historic Iditarod Trail
		North of the Alaska Range, the Trail passes through the homelands of the three of the linguistic groups of Athapaskans inhabiting interior Alaska: the Kolchan, or the Upper Kuskokwim, the Holiachuk, and the Koyukon.
		The Koyukon Athapaskans inhabited the most extensive area claimed by any of the Athapaskans groups in Alaska.
		Among the Koyukon, winter was also a time for trading with the Eskimos on the coast.
	www.iditarodnationalhistorictrail.org /CulturalResources.htm (1576 words)

	Chad Thomson's CV
		Pronouns and Voice in Koyukon Athapaskan: A Text-Based Study.
		Koyukon Athabaskan language for students in elementary grades.
		Dinaakk'a I. Koyukon language for students in secondary grades and adults.
	users.ipfw.edu /thompsoc/vita.htm (581 words)

	www.ilovealaska.com/ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		History: The Koyukon Athabascans traditionally had spring, summer, fall, and winter camps, and moved as the wild game migrated.
		After the school was built, families began to live at Koyukuk year-round.
		Culture: Residents are primarily Koyukon Athabascans with a subsistence lifestyle.
	www.ilovealaska.com /Alaska/cities.cfm?cityid=179 (532 words)

	K'etetaalkkaanee: The One Who Paddled among the People and Animals. The Story of an Ancient Traveler Told by, Attla, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The tale is recounted in Koyukon, an Athabaskan language of Alaska, by storyteller Catherine Attla, and presented with paragraph-by-paragraph translation in English.
		Introductory sections provide information about the Koyukon people, the storytelling tradition, translation of the title, the use of language in the stories, and culturally-based responses to Athabaskan stories.
		A detailed analysis follows of: the tale's episodes; the overall story, the asides made during its telling, and other Koyukon versions of the tale; characters, situations, and the role of time and place in Koyukon stories; and characteristics of other northern traveler stories.
	ericae.net /ericdb/ED395493.htm (288 words)

	Koyukon Top 10 Bestselling Books: Sidney Huntington Jim Rearden Richard K. Nelson Melissa Axelrod Catherine Attla ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Koyukon Top 10 Bestselling Books: Sidney Huntington Jim Rearden Richard K. Nelson Melissa Axelrod Catherine Attla Richard K Nelson Eliza Jones Curt Madison Yvonne Yarber Madeline Solomon Koyukon
		The Semantics of Time: Aspectual Categorization in Koyukon Athabaskan (Studies in the Anthropology of North American Indians)
		Tracks in the wildland: A portrayal of Koyukon and Nunamiut subsistence
	www.indology.net /books-Koyukon.html (130 words)

	It (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In Koyukon tradition, there are hundreds of rules for proper treatment of killed animals.
		Although Koyukon women hunt and trap, they are prohibited from taking bears and
		Koyukon, there are puritans and sinners, conformists and lawbreakers, and all shades between.
	www.humboldt.edu /~campbell/searching.htm (4666 words)

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