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Topic: Kozelsk

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	Optina Pustyn, spiritual heart of Russia - photos of sightseeing in Russia on Worldisround
		Optina Pustyn monastery is located near a little town of Kozelsk in Kaluga Region (250 km to the South-West from Moscow).
		Kozelsk became famous in XIII century, when it managed to defend for 7 weeks against Mongol hordes.
		And Kozelsk citizens killed Mongol negotiators, which was one of the severest crimes according to Mongol law...
	www.worldisround.com /articles/18226/index.html (277 words)

	::The Katyn Wood Massacre::
		Her body was found at Katyn clothed in the uniform of the Polish Air Force.
		Curiously, the Germans claimed that the way the Russians and Poles had been tied was identical and that whoever did both sets of murders was the same organisation.
		The 4,500 bodies that were exhumed came from Kozelsk - no-one knows what happened to the men held at Starobelsk and Ostashkov.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /katyn_wood_massacre.htm (1968 words)

	[No title]
		These were: Jukhnovo (rail station of Babynino), Yuzhe (Talitsy), Kozelsk, Kozelshchyna, Oranki, Ostashkov (Stolbnyi Island on Seliger Lake near Ostashkov), Putyvli (rail station of Tetkino), Starobelsk, Vologod (rail station of Zaenikevo) and Gryazovets camps.
		In December a team of officers were delegated to the Ostashkov camp with a duty to carry out an investigation of all the policemen with an order to prepare the records of investigation for the Special Board (Osobne Soveshchanie) of the NKVD of the USSR by the end of January 1940.
		Amidst the professional military put in prison in Kozelsk and Starobelsk were: one admiral, 12 generals, and a great many graduates of the Higher War College.
	www.coldwarhistory.us /Cold_War/Katyn_Massacre/Miednoje__Katyn.htm (2961 words)

	KOZELSKY REGION STUDY MUSEUM WITH A LITERARY SECTION "OPTINA PUSTYN" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Among the towns of the Kaluga region Kozelsk is one of the most ancient.
		The literary exposition of the Kozelsk branch is located in two cells of the Kozelsk Vvedenskaya Optina Pustyn.
		It was the center of reconstruction of the institution of starchestvo in Russia.
	kaluga.amr-museum.ru /filial/filial_8/e_index.html (170 words)

	Regeneration of the Kozelsk Zaseka: A Unique Site of Natural and Historic Importance
		At the same time, the Kozelsk Zaseka was given to Tula firearms factories.
		The research and restoration program in the broadleaf forests of the National Park Ugra holds as its main aim the sustainable restoration of broadleaf forests on the vast areas of the Berezich Forests.
		This program is the first step in a long- term project on restoration and conservancy of the Kozelsk Zaseka forests.
	www.forest.ru /eng/bulletin/31/7.html (1753 words)

	disLEXia: Mo, 23. Sep 2002
		The content of the messages was approximately as follows: "We, officers of a Strategic Missile Troops military unit stationed in Kozelsk, Kaluga Region, are extremely unhappy both with our financial situation and with Russia's place in the world arena.
		But, in the first place, there actually is a military unit of this kind in Kozelsk; second, the letter was very ably composed and details were provided indicating that the writer was in command of the situation.
		In April 2002 Tikhomirov was sentenced to one year in jail and Mikhaylin, who had frequented various courts, was also convicted, but he was amnestied as a minor.
	radio.weblogs.com /0112292/2002/09/23.html (1817 words)

	Orthodox Saints. The Glorification of the Assembly of the Optina Elders by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		By this time already a wooden church had been built in it, around it there were six cells, and the monastery was headed by Hieromonk Theodore.
		The monastery was granted land for gardens and orchards by Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, and also a mill not far from Kozelsk.
		It is known that already in 1689 a stone church in honor of the Entry Into the Temple was built in the monastery by the Shepelev boyars.
	www.stjohndc.org /russian/Saints/e_Optina.htm (1556 words)

	Kaluga region
		At that time, weakened by princely clashes, the region fell prey to the devastating march of Batiy, and Kozelsk, destroyed by Tatars, became famous for its 7-week defence (1238).
		During that period among the cloisters of Russia the Kozelsk Saint-Vvedensky Optin Hermitage, known for its institution of elderliness, takes on special significance.
		In 1892 teacher of physics and mathematics Tsiolkovsky, later to become a world famous scientist in the field of aerodynamics and rocket dynamics and the founder of cosmonautics, settled down in Kaluga.
	www.moscow-city.ru /regions/en/kaluga_region/kaluga_eng.html (1951 words)

	UR-100N
		A 10 June 1997 a twenty-year old missile, moved in its container from a silo in Kozelsk, was launched from Baikonur, followed by a 22 year old missile on 7 October 1998.
		The first regiment was activated at Khmelnitskiy on 6 November 1979 and became operational in January 1981.
		The silos at Kozelsk and Tatishchevo had been fitted with the final UR-100 series missile modification in 1988-1990 (under the SALT-2 treaty the number of warheads per missile was reduced from six to one).
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/ur100n.htm (1578 words)

	The Great Famine, 1932-1933
		One day these 'chekists' suddenly appeared in our hamlet (Hamlet of Chervy-Bychky in the county of Kozelsk in Poltava province).
		Our neighbors ran away from their homes, but our family for some reason was caught in the cottage.
		We were glad that my brother had escaped, but on the Saturday before Whit Sunday the cheka detachment caught him together with his friend Ivan Kuzmenko, by Sytnyk pond in the county of Kozelsk.
	www.artukraine.com /famineart/famine17.htm (1000 words)

	Russian nuclear forces, 2004 \| thebulletin.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The SS-19 was supposed to be scrapped under START II, but after the Moscow Treaty was signed, Russia decided to "slow down" withdrawal.
		President Putin announced in October 2003 that Russia would deploy "tens" of additional SS-19 missiles with "hundreds of warheads" beginning in 2010, possibly with the divisions at Tatishchevo and Kozelsk.
		The SS-18 missile force was to be retired under START II, but again, after the Moscow Treaty, Russia announced that it would stop withdrawing SS-18s and would keep them in service for another 10-15 years.
	www.thebulletin.org /article_nn.php?art_ofn=ja04norris (2073 words)

	Count A. M. du Chayla
		This monastery is situated about six versts from the town Kozelsk, in the district of Kaluga, between a large pine forest and the left bank of the river Jizdra.
		Near the monastery were a number of villas in which resided laymen who desired to lead a monastic life.
		I remember my amusement and his fear when a Jewish druggist from Kozelsk had wandered in Nilus' garden in the course of a walk through the forest near the monastery.
	freemasonry.bcy.ca /biography/nilus_s/chayla.html (3641 words)

	The Letter
		(Hamlet of Chervy-Bychky in the county of Kozelsk in Poltava province.) Our neighbors ran away from their homes, but our family for some reason was caught in the cottage.
		It was hard to understand them, not only because they spoke a different language, but because they were drunk.
		We were glad that my brother had escaped, but on the Saturday before Whir Sunday the cheka detachment caught him together with his friend Ivan Kuzmenko, by Sytnyk pond in the county of Kozelsk.
	www.faminegenocide.com /resources/theletter.html (1049 words)

	STATEMENT. ON INVESTIGATION OF THE “KATYN CRIME” IN RUSSIA
		Sixty-five years ago, in April and May 1940, NKVD shot almost 22,000 Polish citizens – captured Polish officers and other prisoners of Kozelsk, Ostashkov and Starobelsk interment camps, and Poles imprisoned in the Western regions of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR.
		This NKVD “operation” became known as “the Katyn Crime” (Katyn is a location a few kilometers off Smolensk city where the burial site of one group of victims was first found).
		President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev handed over to President Wojciech Jaruzelski of Poland the archival documents that listed the names of 14,589 massacred prisoners.
	www.memo.ru /daytoday/5katyn_eng.htm (1200 words)

	McFarland - Publisher of Reference and Scholarly Books
		Not only did millions of soldiers die in combat but millions of civilians lost their lives—some for no greater crime than their religious heritage or their nationality.
		The Soviets, at first allied with the Germans, incarcerated thousands of Polish military officers and reservists in the pre-established Soviet camps of Ostashkov, Starobelsk and Kozelsk.
		On March 5, 1940, Joseph Stalin and his lieutenants signed an execution order for 25,700 Polish prisoners of war.
	www.mcfarlandpub.com /book-2.php?isbn=0-7864-2756-6 (295 words)

	Stalin's Killing Field - Military Photos
		Once there, the Poles were placed in "special" (concentration) camps, where, from October to February, they were subjected to lengthy interrogations and constant political agitation.
		The camps were at Kozelsk, Starobelsk, and Ostashkov, all three located on the grounds of former Orthodox monasteries converted into prisons.
		The NKVD dispatched one of its rising stars, Maj. Vassili Zarubin, to Kozelsk, where most of the officers were kept, to conduct interviews.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=12658 (4921 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 2004065124
		In spring 1940 the NKVD, Stalin security police, massacred nearly 15,000 Polish prisoners of war captured in September 1939 during the Nazi-Soviet war against Poland.
		Taken from camps at Kozelsk, Starobelsk and Ostashkov, they were shot and buried at Katyn.
		The massacre was uncovered and publicized by the Nazis during their spring 1943 advance into the USSR, along with similar atrocities in Kharkov and at Mednoe near Tver.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/enhancements/fy0653/2004065124-d.html (379 words)

	Optina Pustyn, spiritual heart of Russia - Sightseeing in Russia pictures on Worldisround
		Optina Pustyn, spiritual heart of Russia - Sightseeing in Russia pictures on Worldisround
		And Kozelsk citizens killed Mongol negotiators, which was one of the severest crimes according to Mongol law Yasa, and such a crime should have been punished.
		This is why Mongols captured the town despite all casualties, and called it "evil town"; (not because it defended fiercely, as patriotic chronicler thought).
	www.worldisround.com /articles/18226/text.html (486 words)

	MDTA - Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		NRDC closeup of fallout pattern from hypothetical U.S. nuclear attack against Kozelsk missile field, west of Moscow, causing 16 million casualties.
		The Natural Resources Defense Council urged President Bush on June 19th to abolish the secret U.S. nuclear war plan which targets Russia, China, and other potential enemies with U.S. nuclear warheads.
		For research information on the 2001-2002 national policy topic on weapons of mass destruction, check out the Policy Resource Guide.
	www.mdta.org /about/article.asp?PageID=78 (177 words)

	Born From the Ashes and Blood: Poland in WW II, concl. by Laura Knight-Jadczyk
		Polish Premier and Commander-in-Chief, General Wladyslaw Sikorski, who had moved with his government to London after the fall of France, was told by Stalin in early December 1941, that all the prisoners of war (including those 15, 000 in question) had been released, and that some might have gone to Manchuria!!
		This information showed that the victims buried at Katyn came from the Kozelsk camp and that they had been killed between March and May of 1940 - when the territory was in Soviet hands.
		It is true that the bullets used to shoot the victims in the back of the head were German, but it was known that they had been exported to Russia before 1933.
	www.cassiopaea.org /cass/coming2.htm (8578 words)

	River Zhizdra Photo \| TrekNature
		Photos: Earth >> Asia >> Russia >> Center >> Kaluga >> Kozelsk
		River Zhizdra on the side of small ancient city Kozelsk in the heart of Central Russia.
		You must be logged in to start a discussion.
	www.treknature.com /gallery/Asia/Russia/photo79504.htm (37 words)

	A few missiles less-Blog-Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces
		Since this is the division that is being equipped with silo-based Topol-Ms, this is likely to mean that the plan is to stop silo-based Topol-M deployment at 60 missiles.
		Unlike the UR-100NUTTH/SS-19 missiles in Tatishchevo, the ones in Kozelsk will probably be kept in service until 2010-2013 - the service life of the missile will be extended to 30 years.
		And, finally, older R-36MUTTH/SS-18 continue to be decommissioned - according to Solovtsov, only 80 SS-18 missiles are left on active service.
	russianforces.org /blog/2006/01/a_few_missiles_less.shtml (618 words)

	tours in russia \| fishing \| visa to russia \| expeditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Accomodation, guide, transfer Kozelsk - Ugra National Park - Kaluga
		Transfer Moscow - Kozelsk - Kaluga - Moscow, meal, additional services
		Rent of bus/minibus/car Moscow- Ugra National park -Moscow
	www.ecotravel.ru /eng/tours/4/16 (162 words)

	NRDC: Snapshots from the U.S. Nuclear War Plan - Page 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Snapshots from the U.S. Playbook for Nuclear Attack
		This closeup of the fallout pattern over the Kozelsk missile field to the west of Moscow, calculated for the month of June, assumes a weapon "fission fraction" of 80 percent and an unsheltered populace -- a hypothetical worst-case scenario.
		Assuming residential sheltering for 48 hours, the attack would cause 16.1 million casualties, 13.3 million of which would be deaths.
	www.nrdc.org /nuclear/planphoto/planphoto7.asp (160 words)

	MusicaBona \| CD \| Rain in the Street (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The village of Kriavkino, Kozelsk district, Kaluga region
		I. Blow, Wind from the Hill, Bring me Greetings The village of Kriavkino, Kozelsk district, Kaluga region from my Love
		A Blue - Grey Dove Was Flying in the Field
	www.musicabona.com /catalog/CDBMR906065.html.it (245 words)

	[No title]
		Tasting the products of the Kristal vodka and liqueur factory
		Properly attired to visit the Optina Pustyn monastery in Kozelsk
		The bus station for the return to Moscow
	efenster.home.igc.org /kaluga.htm (107 words)

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