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Topic: Kraft process

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	Kraft Foods Inc. - 100 Years: Kraft Cheese
		Kraft's 1916 patent for process cheese took Kraft from a commodity business with many competitors to an innovator with a unique food product that effectively responded to consumers' need for a more consistent product with a longer shelf life.
		Kraft Deluxe process cheese slices, the first to be commercially packaged, were introduced in the U.S. in 1950.
		Kraft revolutionized the production of cheese when he discovered that if he heated and continuously stirred cheese, then placed it in a sterile container, when the cheese cooled, it would regain its solid state.
	www.kraft.com /100/innovations/kraftcheese.html (817 words)

	kraft process -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The kraft process differs from the sulfite process in that (1) the cooking liquor is alkaline and therefore is less corrosive to iron and steel, so that the...
		Sulfite cooking liquor used in the process consists of free sulfur dioxide obtained by the burning of sulfur or by the roasting of iron pyrites, dissolved in water at a concentration of four to eight percent,...
		The four principal processes are: (1) letterpress, in which the ink is applied to type or illustrative material that is raised from a background surface and is pressed directly onto the substrate; (2) offset lithography, in which the ink is first applied to a flat metal plate mounted on a cylindrical...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9046183 (872 words)

	Examination questions 1a
		The temperature in kraft cooking can be raised relatively fast up to 140 degrees C, but further increase of the temperature has to be slow in order to ensure uniform cooking reactions.
		The H factor of the heating stage in kraft cooking is clearly higher than that of the cooking stage in cooking normal softwood pulp.
		Increasing the sulphidity in kraft cooking from 30 % to 40...50 % increases the yield somewhat.
	www.hut.fi /Units/PulpAndPaperLinkage/PulpingTechnology/examq1a.htm (2233 words)

	TOWARDS ZERO-EFFLUENT PULP AND PAPER PRODUCTION:
		The dominant process is the kraft or sulphate process.
		The recovery cycle is well defined for the kraft process and is designed to recover pulping chemicals, reduce water pollution by combusting organic matter in the spent liquor, generate process heat and recover by-products of value.
		The main steps in the process are the evaporation of the fl liquor drained from the digester after wood chip digestion, combustion of the concentrated liquor to produce a mineral "smelt", causticisation of the smelt and regeneration of the lime used in the process.
	archive.greenpeace.org /toxics/reports/tcf/tcf.html (15211 words)

	US WOOD Case
		The Kraft process had been an industry standard until the TMP process was developed in 1968.
		However, the yield of the chemical process is much lower than with the mechanical process (50 percent for the chemical, and 95 percent for the mechanical).
		Emissions from the pulping process are in the form of sulphides, with the chemical process producing a wide variety of sulfur by-products.
	www.american.edu /ted/PULP.HTM (1129 words)

	REMOVAL OF CHLORIDE AND POTASSIUM FROM THE KRAFT RECOVERY CYCLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As kraft pulp mills move towards greater closure of process streams, it becomes necessary to remove from the mill's chemical cycle the non-process elements which enter the mill with the wood or with the bleaching chemicals.
		In the kraft pulping chemical recovery cycle, it is well-known that chloride and potassium become enriched in the flue gas dust in the recovery boiler [1,2,3].
		In addition, in practice the selectivity of the leaching process is poor, and because of the fine particle size, the filtration requirements are excessive for the large amounts of ash produced in modern mills.
	www.clo2.com /reading/publications/removal/removal.html (2449 words)

	Welcome to the Clean Air Act Information Network
		Kraft pulping means a chemical pulping process that uses a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide as the cooking liquor.
		Pulping system means all process equipment, beginning with the digester system, and up to and including the last piece of pulp conditioning equipment prior to the bleaching system, including treatment with ozone, oxygen, or peroxide before the first application of a chemical bleaching agent intended to brighten pulp.
		For purposes of complying with the kraft pulping condensate requirements in 63.446, the owner or operator shall measure the total HAP concentration as methanol except for the purposes of complying with the initial performance test specified in 63.457(a) for 63.446(e)(2) and as specified in 63.453 (j)(2)(ii).
	envinfo.com /caain/1297/mact13.html (11070 words)

	Kraft Mill Bleach Filtrate Recycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A full scale commercial process for the recycle of bleach plant filtrate has been committed to by Champion International Corporation at its 1440 ton/day kraft mill in Canton, N.C. Non-process elements from the wood and from purchased chemicals will increase in concentration as filtrate is recycled and their concentration must be controlled by selective removal.
		The particulate collected from the ESP of a kraft recovery boiler is comprised mainly of sodium sulfate and is often referred to as "salt cake" or as precipitator ash or ESP ash.
		The decision to demonstrate this process at Canton was made in part due to the recent modernization work completed in the bleach plant [31].
	www.clo2.com /reading/publications/commercial/commercial.html (3499 words)

	St. Anne-Nackawic Pulp Company Limited
		The spent cooking liquors from the kraft and NSSC pulping lines were to be co-fired in the recovery boiler to recover cooking chemicals and energy, and to reduce the load to the effluent treatment system.
		In 1982, new computerized process control technology was implemented in the cooking, washing and bleaching areas of the pulpmill and hydrogen peroxide and oxygen extraction were added to the bleaching sequence.
		The characteristic odours of a kraft mill are produced by reduced sulphur compounds that are generated during the kraft cooking process and the subsequent handling of the spent cooking liquor.
	www.gnb.ca /0009/0355/0005/I-2136_E-1.html (6716 words)

	Kraft Pulp Production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the kraft process, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, known as white liquor, selectively dissolve the lignin and make it soluble in the cooking liquid.
		Kraft pulping is a low yield process - only 45% of the wood used becomes pulp.
		As soon as pulp is exposed to chlorine or chlorine dioxide during the bleaching process, the concentration of chloride ions in the waste water makes it too corrosive to be recirculated to the recovery system where the organic waste is stripped from the water and burned for energy in the recovery boiler.
	www.rfu.org /KraftPulp.htm (2050 words)

	Friends of the Earth: Briefing: THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURE
		Kraft or sulphate pulping is the dominant method of pulp production in the world by virtue of its versatility and the high strength, long fibre, very low lignin content pulp it produces.
		In fact, the Kraft process was prohibited in several densely populated areas due to the sulphurous smell associated with the mills
		Kraft process is banned in Germany because of this.
	www.foe.co.uk /resource/briefings/consequence_pulp_paper.html (7905 words)

	Kinetics of whole jute plant pulping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In residual delignification is considered to be an alkaline degradation of the cellulosic portion onto which lignin is grafted during pulping as was evident in kraft pulping of wood.
		The carbohydrate yield of soda-HMTA and soda-NB processes with soda and kraft pulping (control) as a function of lignin yield is presented in Figure 2.
		Figure 3 shows that the pulp yields in soda-HMTA and soda-NB processes are almost similar to kraft process and higher than the soda process at the initial phase.
	www.tappsa.co.za /html/kinetics_of_whole_jute_plant_p.html (2293 words)

	Irving Pulp and Paper Mill Ltd. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The cooking process causes the lignin that holds the wood fibres together in the woodchip to dissolve in the liquor, thereby releasing the individual fibres.
		This process recycles the spent cooking liquor (also referred to as weak fl liquor) from the Brown Stock Washing process to a series of evaporators that drive off the water portion of the liquor to form strong fl liquor.
		In the causticizers and clarifing process, a reaction occurs causing a precipitate of calcium carbonate, referred to as lime mud, which is then removed from the clarifiers, producing a clean white liquor which is reused in the digesters.
	www.gnb.ca /0009/0355/0005/I-1497_EProfile.html (3051 words)

	Randy Schroder - Independent Consulting Network for the Forest Based Industries
		Performed a process study to determine methods to increase pulping capacity of two pulping and bleaching lines of a kraft mill.
		Responsible for process evaluation of a continuous digester, two washing lines and the bleach plant of a bleached kraft market pulp mill to evaluate operational and equipment improvements to decrease purchased energy costs.
		Prepared a report on process and effluent considerations and alternative designs and flowsheets for a kraft pulp bleach plant installation in an unbleached sack kraft mill.
	www.mkmk.net /cv_ICN_randy.htm (1402 words)

	SAS Success Story: Kraft
		To ensure consistent flavor and appearance, Kraft tests its foods throughout the manufacturing process and assigns numerical measurements that quantify the flavor, color, aroma and other attributes of each product.
		The second evaluates and compares production processes in order to reduce variation in baking and mixing, and to enable greater planning efficiencies throughout the manufacturing process.
		Process variation reduction has the potential to generate significant cost savings for each facility implementing these procedures.
	www.sas.com /success/kraft.html (825 words)

	The Neutral Sulfite-Anthraquinone (NS-AQ) Pulping Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The reference kraft pulps were bleached using the conventional sequence (C+D)EDED, where C12-addition in C-stage was 15% of active chlorine.
		The bleached yield of pine pulp was 49-51% and that of birch pulp 53-55%.
		The NS-AS pulps are suitable for reinforcement pulp in newsprint, certain kraft papers, offset paper and liner body layer with higher yields than corresponding kraft pulps.
	www.emcentre.com /unepweb/tec_case/paper_21/process/p27.htm (671 words)

	BW Online \| May 14, 2001 \| Nate Kraft: Navigating the Process
		Throughout the process the Career Center at Haas was a great resource.
		We've had session upon session of interviewing workshops, case study prep, and salary negotiation tactics (the last was not as heavily attended this year, I think), among others.
		I found the consulting case interview process stimulating and fun - I actually prefer it to sitting through forty-five questions about my leadership skills as a teenager.
	www.businessweek.com /bschools/mbajournal/00kraft/6.htm (1574 words)

	Kraft Food Ingredients develops pasteurized process cheese alternatives to block aged cheddar cheese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kraft Food Ingredients Corp. (KFIC) has broken new ground in the process cheese category with the development of ChedaSharp® Pasteurized Process Cheddar Cheese and Pasteurized Process Cheese Sauce Base 200, two products that merge the benefits of pasteurized process cheese products with the high impact flavor of aged cheddar cheese.
		Pasteurized Process Cheese Sauce Base 200 and ChedaSharp® Pasteurized Process Cheddar Cheese have improved melt characteristics and consistency in flavor and texture when compared to natural aged cheese.
		Readers are advised that they should carry out additional checks on the accuracy of this news item, and they should also check that any products offered for sale are of a suitable quality and that their use satisfies all legal requirements.
	www.ingrid.co.uk /cfm/se/NewsItem_33.htm (355 words)

	"The ''Peace Process'' That Never Was" by Raymond Kraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There have been decades now of grandstanding, politicalizing, and wishful thinking built up around the chimerical Palestinian Peace Process, all of it predicated, in the West at least, on the assumption that Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Authority might, someday, actually want peace with Israel.
		The only ''Peace Process'' the Palestinian leadership is truly interested in is a peace that includes the termination of the State of Israel, and the expulsion of the Zionists, the Jews, the Israelis, from the Middle East.
		President Bush, of course, has to step up and say nice things now and then about dead leaders, however sociopathic they may have been, and about the ''Peace Process,'' because he is president and presidents are expected to say nice things, or at least polite things, about hopeless situations.
	www.chronwatch.com /content/contentDisplay.asp?aid=11298 (1594 words)

	The Environmental Consequences of Pulp and Paper Manufacture
		The majority of Kraft mills operate a closed loop system whereby 95% - 98% of the chemicals used in the process are recovered and reused.
		Chemical pulp is routinely delignified to remove the 5% - 10% of lignin remaining after the pulping process.
		Reported pulp yields of non-wood fibre are highly variable and dependent upon fibre type, process etc. Mechanical yields upwards of 90% compare well to wood pulp, and chemically pulped kenaf yields of 44% -70%
	www.foe.co.uk /pubsinfo/briefings/html/19971215150024.html (7830 words)

	Kraft Food Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was 1916 when J.L. Kraft first patented the method for processing cheese, using only select, natural ingredients including aged natural cheese.
		We're always exploring new ways KRAFT cheese can enhance your menu.
		Because of its smooth flavor and easy melting, KRAFT AMERICAN is a preferred cheese topping for grilled sandwiches, burgers and more.
	www.kraftfoodservice.com /includes/processCheeseMain.jsp (250 words)

	Call_No
		Oxygen and Chlorine Dioxide Delignification of Compression Wood Enriched and Normal Pine Kraft Pulp.
		Introduction to Kraft Pulping / Kraft Pulping Variables / Digester Operations / Continuous Digester Operation and Troubleshooting / Kappa Measurement and Digester Control / Kappa Variability Problem Solving / Pulp Strength / The Cluster Rule - What Does it Mean to Kraft Pulping
		Kraft Recovery Short Course (1996 : Orlando, Fla.) and Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
	www.geocities.com /CollegePark/Gym/5799/Proceedings.htm (2179 words)

	KRAFT VELVEETA LT RED FAT PAST PROCESS CHS PRODUCT - Nutritions Snacks whole foods health recipe organic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		KRAFT BREYERS LIGHT N' LIVELY Lowfat Strawberry Yogurt (1% Milkfat)
		KRAFT BREYERS Smooth & Creamy Lowfat Strawberry Yogurt (1% Milkfat)
		KRAFT BREYERS LIGHT Nonfat Strawberry Yogurt (with Aspartame and Fructose Sweeteners)
	nutrition.etc2003.com /FoodProduct-01192-0100-K-1.html (130 words)

	Environmental Impact Comparison of Solvent and Kraft Wood Pulping Processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Project Summary: Wood pulping processes which include organic solvents in their process chemical that have been proposed as causing less environmental impact than the industry standard Kraft process.
		The objective of this study is to assess the validity of this proposal from a forward-looking perspective.
		Literature on various Organosolv processes including ALCELL, ORGANOCELL, MILOX and MTU Organolv; as well as the conventional pulping processes of Kraft and sulfite, have been assembled.
	www.pprc.org /pprc/RPD/FEDFUND/EPA/EPAEED/enviro2.html (339 words)

	Seminar/tutorial: kraft process, wood, mill, cost, pulp, yield
		Seminar/tutorial: kraft process, wood, mill, cost, pulp, yield
		Let us examine the various technology options in the four zones of the kraft process:
		Cooking process: batch, continuous, super batch, lo-solids and low temp for hardwoods, process control...
	cerig.efpg.inpg.fr /EFPG-days/2003/page63.htm (240 words)

	KRAFT FREE SINGLES AMERICAN NONFAT PAST PROCESS CHS PRODUCT - Nutritions Snacks whole foods health recipe organic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		KRAFT FREE SINGLES AMERICAN NONFAT PAST PROCESS CHS PRODUCT - Nutritions Snacks whole foods health recipe organic
		Home >> Dairy and Egg Products >> [K] >> KRAFT FREE SINGLES AMERICAN NONFAT PAST PROCESS CHS PRODUCT
		Nutrition Deatils of KRAFT FREE SINGLES AMERICAN NONFAT PAST PROCESS CHS PRODUCT
	nutrition.etc2003.com /FoodProduct-01190-0100-K-1.html (130 words)

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