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Topic: Krakow Uprising

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	List of Polish uprisings - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Polish concept of uprising is derived from the system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where the citizens were supposed to play an important role in the governing of the country.
		Many of them occurred during the century of uprisings (1764-1864), and were, with small exceptions, all defeated.
		The Silesian Uprisings (Polish: Powstania śląskie) was a series of three military insurections (1919-1921) of the Polish people in the Upper Silesia region against the occupying German/Prussian forces in order to liberate the region and join to Poland, that regained her independence after the World War I (1914-1918)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Polish_Uprisings (299 words)

	Kraków Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Kraków (sometimes also spelt Krakow or Cracow in English; in full Royal Capital City of Kraków, Polish: Kraków, Królewskie Stołeczne Miasto Kraków;) is one of the oldest and biggest cities in Poland.
		This historical town is situated on the Vistula River (Wisła) at the foot of Wawel Hill in southern Poland region of Little Poland (Małopolska).
		It is also the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodship (województwo małopolskie) since 1999, previously the capital of Krakow Voivodship since 14th century.
	www.thegamedunge.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/k/kr/krakow.html (1640 words)

	Uprising
		Bulgarian April uprising The Bulgarian April Uprising was a period of Turkish occupation.
		Decembrist Uprising The Decembrist Uprising was an aborted attempt to force reforms in Russia that took place in Decembe...
		January Uprising The night of 1863, was the beginning of the new uprising against Russian rule.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/uprising.html (349 words)

	Krakow by John Hatt \| Travel Reviews from Travel Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Krakow is the most beautiful city in Poland, and one of the most unspoiled cities in Europe.
		Although my main destination was Krakow, it seemed a waste not to spend a couple of days first in Warsaw; and perversely I was pleased that I did, for the bleakness of Poland's modern capital made me doubly savour the miracle of Krakow's survival.
		When I visited a church outside Krakow, a Polish friend refused to accompany me inside; she had noticed that a priest was giving a sermon, and she was allergic to the clergy.
	www.travelintelligence.net /wsd/articles/art_2143.html (3440 words)

	Alexander
		As in Worms in Germany, defending one of the defensive towers and gates in the wall surrounding mediaeval Krakow, was the responsibility of the Jews and the gate was known as the Jewish Gate.
		Krakow was occupied by the armies of Austria.
		Krakow, then a city of 250,000 inhabitants, of which 60,000 were Jewish, was a center of culture, with many outstanding educational institutions.
	www.ics.uci.edu /~dan/genealogy/Krakow/other/alex3.htm (5707 words)

	KRZESZOWICE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Due to the nation's thraldom, the local people were involved both in the Kraków Uprising (1846) and in the January Uprising (1863); the neighbouring villages are important points for armament and insurers being smuggled to the Kingdom.
		In the years to come, the Duchess intended to develop the spa considerably, however, this plan was not realised, probably because of the political events (the 2nd and 3rd partition of Poland in 1793 and 1795, Kościuszko Uprising in 1794, the period of Napoleon wars in 1803-15).
		During the October Uprising (1830-31), as Artur Potocki wished, it was a hospital for insurgents seeking refuge in the Republic of Kraków.
	www.info.krzeszowice.pl /ang/historia.htm (1211 words)

	1846
		The Austrians made it clear that they would be generous to peasants who led pre-emptive uprisings against their local Polish nobles.
		However, the greater the distance from Krakow, the less support that was generated.
		What the peasants who took part in the uprising failed to realize is that the noble-led insurrection was for their benefit as well.
	www.geocities.com /benarz/1846.html (346 words)

	Heritage
		Jews settled in Krakow from the beginning of the 14th century They came primarily from German lands, arriving with other German settlers to form the majority of Poland's urban population.
		As a result of the ongoing territorial conflict between Poland, Russia, and Austria, Krakow was divided from Kazimierz, the Jewish quarter, when the latter was occupied by Austria in 1772.
		During this era, Hasidism gained many adherents in Krakow and Kazimierz (particularly among poor Jews), despite a ban imposed on the movement by the rabbinical establishment.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/heritage/episode5/atlas/map3.html (1019 words)

	Kraków biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The city again became the focus of a struggle for national sovereignty in 1846, during the Kraków Uprising.
		The uprising failed to spread outside the city to other Polish-inhabited lands, and was put down, resulting in Kraków's annexation by Austria.
		Krakow is a home of almost 30 major theares, the most known and noted are:
	krakow.biography.ms (2285 words)

	people (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This was the case in Krakow in 1846, where the authorities broke the revolt with the help of Polish peasants (Jacquerie), and the Krakow Republic was assimilated by the Austrian Empire.
		However, the January Uprising (1863-1865) met with a defeat so severe that the idea of restoring the country by way of an armed conflict was subsequently given up for many years.
		After the January Uprising, the Kingdom of Poland met with more severe repressions, and another wave of politicians, artists and soldiers was forced to emigrate.
	home.btclick.com /polishembassy/info/history_in_brief/history_19_century.html (1124 words)

	Poland Tour PL3 Itinerary - Adventure Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Today we leave for Krakow via Gestochowa, the "spiritual home" of Poland where pilgrims from every corner of the country come to Jasna Gora (Luminous Mountain) Monastery to worship the image of the Black Madonna, Poland's most important icon.
		Krakow is very compact, and the whole central region with its cobblestone streets is full of well-preserved architecture, Gothic churches and splendid museums.
		Like Krakow, Torun escaped World War II with little damage and many of its buildings remain untouched since the Middle Ages.
	www.adventures-abroad.com /tours/htm/PL3.htm (1188 words)

	Krakow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Measuring 200 by 200 metres, Krakow's Rynek is the largest mediaeval square in Poland and probably in all of Europe.
		It was also the seat of the short-lived provisional government during the Krakow Uprising of 1846.
		The cellars are occupied by the cabaret "Piwnica Pod Baranami".
	www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk /www/Krakow2.html (2720 words)

	[No title]
		Krakow surgery has seen times of splendour, but also stagnation, especially during wartime, when the loss of independence and poverty took their toll.
		In Krakow, he conducted pioneer operations of pylorus plastic surgery, transverse colon excision, stomach resection, thyroid excision, removal of the uterus through the vagina, and plastic surgery on the nose.
		Outstanding Krakow surgeons were members of editorial boards of Polish surgical journals, served as President of the Association of Polish Surgeons, and, during scientific meetings, gave plenum lectures.
	www3.uj.edu.pl /Muzeum/katalogchir/surgerysl.doc (2485 words)

	: : : : F O R U M : : : : Żydzi - Polacy - Chrześcijanie
		On March 13th - which was the sixtieth anniversary of the liquidation of the Krakow ghetto - at the Center of Jewish Culture took place a presentation of the fourth edition of Tadeusz Pankiewicz's book "Apteka w gettcie krakowskim" (The Pharmacy in the Krakow Ghetto).
		The fifty-sixth anniversary of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, on April 19, was commemorated in Warsaw.
		To commemorate the 60th anniversary of the liquidation of the Krakow ghetto "Gazeta w Krakowe" plans to organize an exhibition of mementos related to the district in which the Germans have gathered the Jews.
	www.znak.com.pl /forum/index-en.php?b=indeks&q=ghetto&l=en (1739 words)

	Krakow \| News \| The Warsaw Uprising
		The decision to launch the Uprising was to have apocalyptic results for both the Poles and their capital.
		With regards to Warsaw, the Soviets had initially encouraged the Uprising, yet Stalin was not at all the kind of ally that anyone would ever have wished for.
		As soon as the Uprising was launched Stalin backtracked and washed his hands of the 'bunch of criminals' that he claimed had started the Operation.
	www.cracow-life.com /news/news/76-The_Warsaw_Uprising (1224 words)

	History of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The failed uprising was followed by the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.
		The Hungarian Uprising, in which Jozef Bem served as a general, was brutally crushed when Tsar Nicholas I sent 200,000 troops into Hungary to support the Austrian Empire.
		The uprising did, however, succeed in blunting the effect of the Tsar's abolition of serfdom in the Russian partition, which had been designed to win Polish peasants away from supporting the rest of the Polish nation.
	www.poland-embassy.si /eng/poland/history4.htm (1735 words)

	Krakow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The construction of the fortifications was begun in the 13th century, and it took almost two centuries to envelop the town with a powerful, 3km long chain of double defensive walls complete with 47 towers and 7 main entrance gates plus a wide moat.
		The burghers of Krakow established a hospital in the northeast of the Stary Miasto but very little remains being demolished to make way for the Juliusz Slowacki Theatre;Teatr im.Juliusza Slowackiego whose design was inspired by the Paris Opera House.
		It originally belonged to the families of Krakow craftsmen and was purchased by the end of the 18th century by the Matejko family.
	alife.ccp14.ac.uk /macsoft2/www/Krakow1.html (1754 words)

	Warsaw History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This was the largest act of rebellion in Nazi occupied Europe and contributed to a quicker end of the war.
		After the suppression of the uprising all inhabitants were expelled from the city and the Nazis systematically burned and blew up the remaining buildings of the capital.
		The Aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944.
	www.warsaw1.net /warsaw-basic.htm (950 words)

	Our Lady of Czestochowa - Stained-Glass Windows
		After the suppression of the November Uprising by Russia, three great national poets-Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Slowacki, and Zygmunt Krasicki-became representatives of the epitome of polish poetry of the XIX century.
		After suppressing the Uprising, the Russians sentenced its leader to death and hung him publicly on the slope of the Warsaw Citadel.
		This so-called "gold Jagiellonian globe," which is today on display in Krakow, dates to 1510 and is the oldest globe known to have marked the shores of America with the inscription: "America noviter reperta" (America, the newly discovered land).
	www.czestochowa.us /stained_glass_us.php (10303 words)

	Communism, Revolution, and a Free Poland by Karl Marx
		In 1846, when they incorporated Krakow into Austria and robbed the Poles of their last vestige of independence, they designated as communism what had previously been called Jacobinism.
		The men at the head of the revolutionary movement in Krakow were most deeply convinced that only a democratic Poland could be independent, and that a Polish democracy was impossible without an abolition of feudal rights, without an agrarian movement that would transform the feudally obligated peasants into modern owners.
		The Krakow revolution has set all of Europe a glorious example, because it identified the question of nationalism with democracy and with the liberation of the oppressed class.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1848/02/22a.htm (951 words)

	Warsaw - Sightseeing - The Warsaw Uprising Poland - In Your Pocket
		In a move that effectively sealed the fate of the uprising, Uncle Joe refused to grant permission for the Western Allies to use Soviet air fields in a bid to relieve the Home Army.
		With the uprising defeated, Hitler ordered all remaining civilians to be expelled and surviving buildings to be numbered in their order of importance to Polish culture then systematically dynamited.
		During the uprising it was a primary target for the Home Army and captured on the first day of battle.
	www.inyourpocket.com /poland/warsaw/en/category?cid=2490 (1161 words)

	Polish culture: Eugeniusz Haneman - Photographs
		Six years later he obtained his diploma in photography and began to work as a professional photographer, initially in the "Portret przy Kawie" ("Portrait during Coffee") Studio, and somewhat later in the prestigious "Van Dyck" Studio located in Warsaw along Jerusalem Avenue.
		During the Warsaw Uprising, Haneman was a photo reporter for the Delegation of the Polish Government in Exile in Poland and documented events in the Srodmiescie and Powisle districts of the city.
		He was a cameraman for the Polish Film Chronicle news service in Krakow, taught photography at the Film Institute in that city, and lectured at the Lodz Film School.
	www.culture.pl /en/culture/artykuly/wy_wy_haneman_fotografie_krakow (201 words)

	Krakow \| News \| Warsaw Uprising Remembered
		The two-and-a-half hour passage on all fours through 700 meters of storm sewers in the Old Town was part of the 60th anniversary observances of the uprising where some 200,000 Poles were killed, including some 20,000 primarily teenage resistance fighters.
		The previous year, the uprising in the Jewish ghetto of Warsaw had been crushed.
		Oxford University's Norman Davies, a scholar of the uprising and author of the newly published Rising '44, says the rebels could have won had the Allies supported them.
	www.cracow-life.com /news/news/78-Warsaw_Uprising_Remembered (640 words)

	Kraków [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Cracow or Krakow (PolishPolish (polski, język polski) is the official language of Poland.
		The uprising failed to spread outside the city to other Polish-inhabited lands, and was put down, resulting in Kraków's annexation by AustriaThe Republic of Austria (German Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe.
		Jagiellonian University Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet Jagielloński) is a university in Krakow, Poland.
	www.wikimirror.com /Krak%F3w (12678 words)

	Krakow, Poland - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		During the early part of the 17th century the capital of Poland was moved from Kraków to Warsaw.
		In 1794, during the French Revolution, Kraków was the center of a revolutionary uprising led by Tadeusz Koœciuszko, and in 1795 it was seized by Austria.
		During World War II it was occupied by the Germans from 1939 until 1945, when it was taken by Soviet troops.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /krakow_poland.htm (549 words)

	Kraków - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Museum of History of the City of Krakow, Artistic Salon of the District of Zwierzyniec
		As elsewhere, on weekends Krakow’s young professionals, expats, and students mingle happily in crowds that pack bars, discotheques, and restaurants in vogue at the moment.
		Krakow’s myriad live entertainment venues cater to all tastes and generations.
	www.iridis.com /Cracow (2285 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The city of Gniezno was the capital, and the towns of Gdansk, Szczecin, Poznan, Wroclaw, and Krakow already exist.
		April 1943-The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising is the single largest act of defiance, and the most tragically unsuccessful.
		1978-Karol Wojtyla, the Archbishop of Krakow, is elected Pope.
	www.poland-embassy.gr /history.htm (1274 words)

	Poland History
		This is when the Jewish quarter of Krakow was founded and named Kazimierz to honor the king.
		During her reign, she gave all her jewelry and regalia to rescue the financially troubled Krakow Academy and, according to a legend, used a wooden gold-painted scepter for official functions.
		In 19th century, to honor its benefactor, tha Krakow Academy was renamed the Jagiellonian University.
	www.snookems.com /poland/phistory.htm (8510 words)

	Warsaw & Krakow in Poland — history - culture - tradition - similarities and differences - Polish Culture
		Krakow’s Royal Castle is one of the most magnificent Polish monuments.
		In the result of Warsaw Uprising in 1944 - German fascists deliberately and systematically eradicated the house after the house and the street after the street almost until the day of liberation, January 17, 1945.
		Krakow was also a stronghold against communistic rulers in eighties.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art479.asp (716 words)

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