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Topic: Arsenal Kremlin

	Arsenal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An arsenal is an establishment for the construction, repair, receipt, storage and issue of weapons and ammunition.
		The importance of a large arsenal is such that its defences would be on the scale of those of a large fortress.
		C: Under the head of administration would be classed the chief director of the arsenal, officials military and civil, non-commissioned officers and military artificers, civilian foremen, workmen and laborers, with the clerks and writers necessary for the office work of the establishments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arsenal (516 words)

	Kremlin
		Kremlin is the Russian word for "citadel" and can refer to any major fortified complex found in Russian cities.
		The Northeast corner of the Kremlin is occupied by the Arsenal[?], it was originally built for Peter the Great in 1701.
		The northwestern section of the Kremlin holds the Armoury building[?], built in 1851 it is currently a museum.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/kr/Kremlin.html (486 words)

	Kremlin Arsenal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Arsenal is a large trapezoid two-storey building in the northern corner of the Moscow Kremlin which currently accommodates the Kremlin Regiment.
		In the Middle Ages, the spot was occupied by granaries.
		Accordingly, some 875 cannons captured from the retreating Grand Army were put on display along the walls of the Arsenal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arsenal_(Kremlin) (232 words)

	Kremlin Walls and Towers in Moscow, Russia
		The Kremlin's oldest tower is the Tainitskaya Tower, situated facing the bank of the Moscow River and constructed in 1485 by Antonio Bono.
		Built in 1495 by Antonio Bono and Pietro Antonio Solari, the tower was crowned with a spire similar to that of the Spasskaya Tower at the end of the 17th century and serves as the main entrance into the Kremlin complex.
		The Kremlin's three corner towers are round in shape and include the Vodozvodnaya (Corner Water Pump) Tower, which stands on the bank of the Moscow River near the Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/walls-and-towers.html (1314 words)

	Moscow Kremlin
		The Kremlin at the center of Moscow is an outstanding historical and architectural monument that serves as a symbol for the whole Russia.
		After the end of the war the blown-up walls and towers of the Kremlin, the Arsenal, the Assumption belfry and Filaretova annex of Bell-Tower of Ivan the Great were carefully restored.
		At the end of the 19th-the beginning of the 20th century the Kremlin was already taken by contemporaries as the monument of Russian history and culture.
	www.moscow-hotels-russia.com /kreml.htm (1134 words)

	Russia / Exploring Moscow / The Kremlin
		The Kremlin is Russia's mythic refuge, a self contained city with a multitude of palaces, armories, and churches, a medieval fortress that links the modern nation to its legendary past in the ancient state of Kievan Rus'.
		The Kremlin Arsenal was commissioned by Peter the Great to serve as a weapons depot and manufactory.
		The last of the three palaces, the Great Kremlin, was built in the early 19th-century as a Moscow residence for Nicholas I. All three of the palaces possess extraordinary interior decorations belied by their rather unremarkable exteriors.
	www.geographia.com /russia/moscow02.htm (2011 words)

	The Kremlin in Moscow \| Moscow Kremlin
		‘Kremlin’ is actually the term given for the fortified stronghold of any city, and many other kremlins exist in large towns throughout Russia and acted as seats of power for local rulers.
		Moscow’s Kremlin began life in the 1150s, on a much smaller scale than it exists now, and was added too by various rulers as Moscow grew in wealth and power.
		The Presidium - lurking in the north-eastern corner of the Kremlin complex is the Neoclassical edifice of the Presidium.
	www.moscow-life.com /moscow/kremlin (1287 words)

	The Kremlin : Kremlin Pictures
		The Arsenal was partlydestroyed by fire in 1737, and was reconstructed in 1786-96 by the engineer Gerard under the supervision of the architect Kazakov.
		After the rebuilding it was intended that the Arsenal wouldbe used as an army museum: hence the 875 cannon lining the outside walls.
		The Cathedral of the Annunciation, with its nine gilded domes, is the smallest of the three main Kremlin cathedrals, but the decoration of the interior (in particular the frescoes and icons by Andrei Rublev and Feofan Grek) makesit one of the great treasures of Moscow.
	summoning.ru /photos_eng/kremlin.shtml (976 words)

	Kremlin Towers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the southwest, the Kremlin is fortified by the Vodovzvodnaya - or Water - Tower.
		During the bombardment of the Kremlin in 1917, the top of the tower was destroyed by a cannonball and later restored.
		The gates of the Spasskaya Tower were the main entrance to the Kremlin, regarded as holy and awe-inspiring: men had to take off their hats when walking through the gates, and it was forbidden to ride through on horseback.
	www.megspace.com /arts/nedda/moscow/kremlin/kremtowers.html (2541 words)

	World Architecture Images- Russia- The Kremlin
		The Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Московский Кремль) is a historic fortified complex at the very heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River (to the south), Red Square (to the east) and the Alexander Garden (to the west).
		The Kremlin Arsenal, several portions of the Kremlin Wall and several wall towers were destroyed by explosions and fires damaged the Faceted Chamber and churches.
		The name Kremlin is often used as a metonymy to refer to the government of the Soviet Union (1922-1991) and its highest members (such as general secretaries, premiers, presidents, ministers, and commissars), in the same way the name Westminster refers to the British government, or White House refers to the government of the United States.
	www.essential-architecture.com /EUROPE/EUROPE-EAST/eur-russia/RUS-MOS-001.htm (2892 words)

	Russian National Tourism Office. Buy visas, country information, visit Russia, visa support, excursions, exhibitions
		Known as a heart of Russia, the KREMLIN is a historical, cultural and architectural monument of global significance and one or the most recognizable national symbols.
		The richest museum in the Kremlin, it was originally founded 200 years ago as the imperial Court Museum.
		The Grand Kremlin Palace, from the imperial residence to the Russian President's gala reception quarters.
	www.visitrussia.org.uk /excurs-kremlin-armory.htm (304 words)

	The Kremlin in Moscow, Russia
		The Kremlin is the historical, spiritual and political heart of Moscow and the city's most famous landmark and tourist attraction.
		The word "kremlin" means simply "fortification" or "citadel" in Russian, and is thought to derive from either the Ancient Greek words kremn or kremnos, meaning a steep hill above a ravine, or the Slavonic term kremnik, meaning thick coniferous forest, that being the likely material from which the original fort was constructed.
		With the Bolshevik storming of the Kremlin during the 1917 Revolution the fortress was closed to the public for the next 50 years and the only architectural additions made by the Soviet regime were the 1934 Presidium and the modernistic State Kremlin Palace (previously the Palace of Congresses) in 1961.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/kremlin.html (787 words)

	Analysis: The Kremlin After Beslan - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY
		Effective Politics Foundation head and Kremlin insider Gleb Pavlovskii told RTR on 6 September that during the Beslan siege the present political system demonstrated its uselessness because no political parties or politicians raised their voices against "the lies that overflowed the whole country."
		The Beslan crisis has highlighted the failure of the Kremlin's policies in Chechnya, despite the concerted efforts of the Kremlin to deflect such considerations.
		Belkovskii noted that the Kremlin's policy in the region relies on pro-Moscow figures like Ingush President Murat Zyazikov and Chechen leader Alu Alkhanov, figures who all but disappeared from public view during the crisis.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2004/9/ADF39DBC-0540-4D5E-AAAF-4EC569698650.html (975 words)

	fortress
		The two representations shown here of the Kremlin walls before and after their conversion to stone are by the artist Apollinari M. Vasnetsov (1856-1933), who devoted much of his life and work to studying and portraying historical Moscow.
		The small map at left indicates the territory of the Kremlin encompassed by the 14th-century white limestone walls (and note that, properly, there is no moat along the eastern side at right).
		A small decorative Tsar's Tower near the Savior Tower brings the total of Kremlin wall towers to 20: 7 on the southern perimeter, 8 on the eastern side, and 8 on the western (the total by this reckoning is 23, counting the three corner towers twice).
	www.stanford.edu /dept/CREES/kremlin/fortress.html (3154 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin: History
		The Kremlin walls and towers were built by Russian masons under the supervision of Italian engineers and architects whose names have been retained in the descendants’ memory.
		The Kremlin became an island fortress reliably protected on the sides of all the gates (the moat was not evened until 1801).
		Despite the fact that the Kremlin was a fortress and in some details resembled a medieval castle, it retained a traditional spatial composition and layout typical of an Early Russian town center.
	www.caroun.com /Countries/Europe/Russia/Kremlin/03-Kremlin-History-2.html (1618 words)

	President of Russia \|
		The Arsenal was constructed on the order of Peter I in place of the royal barns, which burnt down in 1701.
		The austere building, which fits well with the fortress walls of the Kremlin, was designed as a museum of weapons.
		The Arsenal is a remarkable example of the Petrine period.
	www.kremlin.ru /eng/articles/buildings02.shtml (236 words)

	Diary - 25 August
		The first thing we see in the Kremlin, a place that brings to mind the centre of power of the Советский Союз, is a bloke with a peaked cap and a seriously over-used whistle.
		The policeman and his whistle are single-handedly responsible for guarding the Kremlin Arsenal, the Russian President's Official Residence and the Supreme Soviet.
		It was cast ostensibly to defend the Kremlin, although it's reckoned that the barrel is too thin to be able to be fired.
	www.anchovy.durge.org /holiday/Russia/25-8.live (1324 words)

	The Kremlin- Moscow, Russia - VirtualTourist.com
		The cathedral is an incredible amalgamation of churches and chapels from the 14th to the 16th centuries and is the second oldest cathedral in the Kremlin.
		The seven-storey Trinity Tower, the tallest of the Kremlin towers and the counterparton the west side of the Saviour Toweron the east, was built between 1495 and 1499 by the architect Alevis Fryazin the Elder.
		After the rebuilding it was intended that the Arsenal wouldbe used as an army museum: hence the 875 cannon lining the outside walls.The stucco reliefs of military trophies on the walls reflect the same intention.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Europe/Russia/Gorod_Moskva/Moscow-592480/Things_To_Do-Moscow-The_Kremlin-R-3.html (1290 words)

	President of Russia \| The Presidential Regiment
		The military students were dubbed “Kremlin Students” and were responsible for guarding the Kremlin, acting as bodyguards for state and government officials, organizing security at state and government meetings with foreign representatives, controlling entry to the Kremlin and keeping order on its territory.
		Under a decision of the Soviet government, an obelisk was erected on the Kremlin grounds to commemorate the school’s students and officers who fell in battle near Orekhovo and Sinelnikovo.
		From 1935 until October 1993, the Kremlin regiment was responsible for the guard of honor.
	www.kremlin.ru /eng/articles/atributesEng07.shtml (956 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square: Kremin Guide
		In 1812-36 the Arsenal was again restored, this time to a design by the architect Osip Bove, who played a leading role in creating the architectural ensemble of the centre of Moscow after the great fire.
		Today some pieces of artillery from the Kremlin collection are on display at the Borodino Museum Preserve, on the field where the famous battle of the Russian and French armies took place, by the Museum Panorama of the Battle of Borodino and in other Moscow museums.
		In a small garden next to the Arsenal is a granite obelisk with the inscription: "Glory to the commanders and cadets who laid down their lives in the struggle against the counter-revolution at Orekhovo and Sinelnikovo."
	dimkin.df.ru /moscow/kremlin_66.html (802 words)

	Moscow - History
		The Kremlin was closed to the public after Lenin's death, and re-opened to the public in 1955.
		By 1795, an embankment between the Kremlin and the river had been built, and the Chanceries (long buildings of the prikazy) had removed, allowing a clear view of the churches from the south bank of the river.
		The State Kremlin Palace was built from 1959-61 by Mikhael Posokhin and was formerly known as the Palace of Congresses.
	bdaugherty.tripod.com /moscow.html (19127 words)

	Moscow - CITIES OF EUROPE - Moscow (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This historic and spiritual heart of the city is so loaded with political drama that it symbolizes all the tragedies and triumphs of the country that Winston Churchill once characterized as 'a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma'.
		This is the oldest and most important of the Kremlin churches.
		After his death, a clock in his study was kept stopped at 8.15, when the dying Lenin left the room for the last time.
	www.netgate.co.uk /moscow.htm (2003 words)

	A walk around the Moscow Kremlin 1.0 Download - A Walk Around the Moscow Kremlin. A tour including a panoramic
		The historical and cultural museum The Moscow Kremlin is the main pearl in the necklace of Moscow's ancient historical monuments and museums.
		The Moscow Kremlin is the symbol of the Russian statehood, one of the biggest architectural ensembles of the world, the biggest world museum, and the richest treasury of historical relics and cultural monuments.
		The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow, as well as the heart of Russia.
	www.downloadjunction.com /product/software/75865 (336 words)

	Kremlin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Kremlin is the Russian word for "citadel" and can refer to any major fortified complex found in Russian cities, but it is used almost exclusively for the Kremlin Palaces and Kremlin Cathedrals overlooking Red Square in Moscow.
		Between 1366-1368, during the rule of Dmitri Donskoi, a white-stone citadel was constructed.
		A somewhat out of focus view of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower and the Kremlin wall
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/k/kr/kremlin.html (504 words)

	The Kremlin is One of Moscow’s Greatest Attractions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Kremlin itself is a self-contained city and is home to many churches and palaces.
		The walls of the Kremlin were finished in 1157 and Moscow became the center of the Russian Orthodox Church.
		The State Kremlin Palace was built in 1961 by the Kruschev administration for the purpose of hosting Communist Party functions.
	www.russiaforvacation.com /russia-moscow.shtml (377 words)

	The NDSU Libraries: Germans From Russia
		Keys for the rooms had to be obtained from the “key lady” on each floor and returned to her before leaving the floor.
		The hushed orderliness of the crowd, which was scrutinized by intermittent policemen and soldiers, was incredible, as was the solemn precision of the changing of the guard within the tomb just as we passed through.
		In the well-kept and carefully guarded cemetery garden along the Kremlin wall behind the mausoleum, we viewed the burial places of such notable Communists as Josef Stalin, cosmonaut Yuri Gargarin, and John Reed, an American.
	www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu /grhc/history_culture/history/pfeifer.html (4778 words)

	Moscow Photo Gallery. Moscow Kremlin.
		Now the Moscow Kremlin is one of the biggest museums of the world.
		State regalia of Russia, invaluable icons, treasures of Russian tsars are stored in the Kremlin chambers and cathedrals.
		In 18th century it was displaced to the Moscow Kremlin and at the beginning was located in a court yard of the Arsenal building and then at its main gate.
	www.visitrussia.com /guide/gallery-moscow-kremlin.htm (567 words)

	Yeltsin Promises 40 Percent Military Cut (Reuters) December 3, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Determinedly neutral Sweden has also made clear it is not interested in regional military pacts and continues, with fellow European Union member Finland, to push for the Baltic states to be allowed to join the European Union.
		Kremlin spokesman Sergei Yastrzhembsky told reporters on Tuesday that if the Baltic countries were not ready to take the military initiative further, Moscow was still keen to press on with other areas of cooperation.
		Kremlin spokesman Sergei Yastrzhembsky later played down the remarks, which appeared to be off-the-cuff, saying the president meant Russia was willing to go beyond the cuts currently under discussion with the United States.
	vikingphoenix.com /news/archives/1997/mil97069.htm (614 words)

	The Jamestown Foundation
		Yet on December 24, the Kremlin leader fiercely denied meddling in Ukraine's election and accused Western countries of playing an active role in its electoral process.
		Quite predictably, most liberal experts point to the dismal failure of the Kremlin strategy of crude pressure and brazen interference in a neighboring country's political process and urge an immediate policy shift.
		Other liberal-minded analysts specify that the set of instruments the Kremlin was using to influence processes in Ukraine and other post-Soviet lands proved extremely inefficient and needs to be urgently discarded.
	www.jamestown.org /publications_details.php?volume_id=407&issue_id=3181&article_id=2369030 (794 words)

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