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	Kremlin
		The irregular triangle of the Kremlin walls encloses an area of 27.5 hectares.
		The Northeast corner of the Kremlin is occupied by the Arsenal[?], it was originally built for Peter the Great in 1701.
		The northwestern section of the Kremlin holds the Armoury building[?], built in 1851 it is currently a museum.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/kr/Kremlin.html (486 words)

	kremlin - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Triangular and surrounded by crenellated walls, it occupies 90 acres (36.4 hectares) in the historic core of Moscow.
		It is bounded on the south by the Moscow River and Kremlin quay, on the east by Red Square with Lenin's tomb, the Moscow Historical Museum, and St. Basil's Cathedral, and on the west and south by the old Alexander Gardens.
		Along the Kremlin walls are large palaces, including the 15th-century Granovitaya Palata (the throne and banquet hall of the czars); the 19th-century Oruzheinaya Palata (Armory), built as a museum for crowns, scepters, thrones, costumes, and armor; and the 19th-century Grand Palace (Rus.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-kremlin.html (621 words)

	Kremlin Wall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kremlin Wall refers to the defense wall that surrounds the Moscow Kremlin, recognizable by the characteristic notches and its Kremlin towers.
		Destroyed in 1238 by the Mongol-Tartar invasion, the Moscow Kremlin was rebuilt by the Russian Knyaz Ivan Kalita.
		The cannons which were installed in the walls were removed after the turn of the 17th century, as was the second, smaller wall which repeated the perimeter on the outside.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kremlin_Wall (946 words)

	The Kremlin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Nizhni Novgorod Kremlin is the central part of the ancient town which occupies a relatively small territory on a hill dominating the confluence of the Oka and the Volga rivers.
		Construction of the Kremlin wall on the steep hillside was initiated by the Italian architect Peter Friazin.
		The Dmitrovskaya Tower was the defence center of the upper Kremlin.
	www.unn.runnet.ru /nn/guide/kremlin.htm (462 words)

	Kremlin Walls and Towers in Moscow, Russia
		The Kremlin's oldest tower is the Tainitskaya Tower, situated facing the bank of the Moscow River and constructed in 1485 by Antonio Bono.
		The newest tower on the Kremlin wall is the Tsarskaya (Tsar's) Tower - a small tent-like turret built on the wall between the Spasskaya (Savior's) and Nabatnaya Towers.
		The Kremlin's three corner towers are round in shape and include the Vodozvodnaya (Corner Water Pump) Tower, which stands on the bank of the Moscow River near the Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/walls-and-towers.html (1314 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin, Moscow, Russia
		The irregular triangle of the Kremlin walls encloses an area of 275,000 square metres (68 acres).
		The name Kremlin has become a metonym used to refer to the government of the Soviet Union (1922-1991) and its highest members (such as general secretaries, premiers, presidents, ministers, and commissars), in the same way the name White House refers to the government of the United States.
		In their present state, the outer perimeter of the walls is an impressive 2235 metres, repeating the contours of the hill on which the Moscow Kremlin lies.
	www.magicaljourneys.com /Russia/russia-interest-moscow-kremlin.html (874 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Kremlin wall is 2235 metres long, its height varies from 5 to 19 metres, and it is 3.5 to 6.5 metres thick.
		It was built in 1491 by the Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari and became the main fortification structure on the eastern wall of the Kremlin.
		Behind the Mausoleum, along the Kremlin wall, are the graves of some outstanding leaders of the former Communist Party of the Soviet Union as well as the graves of famous writers, scientists, generals, and cosmonauts.
	www.koshkas-creations.com /aruolicom/nailya1.html (9431 words)

	fortress
		The two representations shown here of the Kremlin walls before and after their conversion to stone are by the artist Apollinari M. Vasnetsov (1856-1933), who devoted much of his life and work to studying and portraying historical Moscow.
		River, the wooden superstructures atop the brick wall towers, and the masonry churches built or being built on the Kremlin hill.
		A small decorative Tsar's Tower near the Savior Tower brings the total of Kremlin wall towers to 20: 7 on the southern perimeter, 8 on the eastern side, and 8 on the western (the total by this reckoning is 23, counting the three corner towers twice).
	www.stanford.edu /dept/CREES/kremlin/fortress.html (3154 words)

	Moscow Travel Guide: The Moscow Kremlin
		Yuri Dolgoruky is considered to be the founder of the Kremlin and of the city of Moscow.
		In late 14th century during the reign of Dmitry Donskoi white-stone walls of the Kremlin were erected and Moscow became known as "Moskva Belokamennaya" ("Moscow White-Stone").
		The religious life of the Kremlin was recently revived and nowadays a number of religious holidays are celebrated in the old Kremlin cathedrals.
	www.travelinrussia.com /moscow_sightseeing/moscow_kremlin.html (340 words)

	Kremlin Wall Necropolis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kremlin Wall Necropolis (Некрополь у Кремлёвской стены in Russian) is a part of the Kremlin Wall, which surrounds the Moscow Kremlin and overlooks the Red Square.
		In 1924, Lenin's Mausoleum became the center of the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.
		Behind the mausoleum and at the foot of the Senatskaya Tower of the Kremlin, there are the graves of Yakov Sverdlov, Felix Dzerzhinsky, Mikhail Frunze, Mikhail Kalinin, Georgy Zhukov, Andrei Zhdanov, Joseph Stalin, Kliment Voroshilov, Semyon Budyonny, Mikhail Suslov, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko, with monuments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis (364 words)

	Kremlin Wall - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Destroyed in 1238 by the Mongol-Tatar invasion, the Moscow Kremlin was rebuilt by the Russian Knyaz Ivan Kalita.
		Dmitry Donskoy's walls stood for over a century, and it was during this period that Moscouvy rose as the dominant power in Northeastern Rus.
		The western part, formerly facing the Neglinnaya River, is now part of the Alexander Garden, the bridge which formally crossed the river still stands and is done in the same style as the Kremlin walls.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Kremlin_Wall (922 words)

	WorldTravelGate.net® - The History of Moscow,Russia,Russian Federation,Asia.
		The Kremlin was surrounded by a new stonewall, which is currently remained in Moscow.
		In 16th century new streets and small settlements were built round the Kremlin and Kitai-Gorod and during the period between 1583 and 1593 the new area of Moscow was also surrounded by a white wall of 9 km length (the construction was supervised by Fedor Kon, the famous Russian architect).
		The Kremlin has always been perceived as a symbol of power and mighty of the Russian state, the national idea expressed in stone.
	www.asiatravelling.net /russia/moscow/moscow_history.htm (1569 words)

	Moscow Kremlin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Furthermore, the Kremlin was separated from the walled merchant town (Kitai-gorod) by a 30-metre-wide moat, over which the Intercession Cathedral on the Moat was constructed during the reign of Ivan the Terrible.
		The Kremlin Arsenal, several portions of the Kremlin Wall and several wall towers were destroyed by explosions and fires damaged the Faceted Chamber and churches.
		The name Kremlin is often used as a metonymy to refer to the government of the Soviet Union (1922-1991) and its highest members (such as general secretaries, premiers, presidents, ministers, and commissars), in the same way the name Westminster refers to the British government, or White House refers to the government of the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moscow_Kremlin (2123 words)

	The Kremlin in Moscow, Russia
		The Kremlin is the historical, spiritual and political heart of Moscow and the city's most famous landmark and tourist attraction.
		Between 1339 and 1340 the fortress was rebuilt with new walls and towers of oak, but due to the constant threat of fire damage, in 1366 the Moscow Prince Dmitry Ivanovich (later Donskoy) ordered the construction of a large white-stone wall around the fortress to protect it.
		With the Bolshevik storming of the Kremlin during the 1917 Revolution the fortress was closed to the public for the next 50 years and the only architectural additions made by the Soviet regime were the 1934 Presidium and the modernistic State Kremlin Palace (previously the Palace of Congresses) in 1961.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/kremlin.html (787 words)

	RIA Novosti - Culture - KREMLIN FILM TO HAVE FIRST NIGHT ON RUSSIA DAY
		Two giant cranes appeared in the Kremlin, with five cables stretched tight in between, along which the camera was sliding at an eighty-meter height, on a fully automated arrangement.
		A Russian crew made the shooting in limited-admission parts of the Kremlin, while a German was engaged in the Alexander Garden, along the Kremlin wall on the outside, and the Kremlin Cathedral Square.
		Minor Kremlin employees are heroes of the film-a cook, a sweeper, a security, a cleaning woman, and an electrician.
	en.rian.ru /culture/20050429/39778001.html (452 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin: History
		Along the walls now turning eastwards and facing the Moscow River there are the Annunciation Tower, the Tainitsky Tower, the first and the second Nameless Towers and the Petrovsky Tower erected from 1488 to 1490.
		The Kremlin walls and towers were built by Russian masons under the supervision of Italian engineers and architects whose names have been retained in the descendants’ memory.
		The Kremlin became an island fortress reliably protected on the sides of all the gates (the moat was not evened until 1801).
	caroun.com /Countries/Europe/Russia/Kremlin/03-Kremlin-History-2.html (1618 words)

	Dumindu Wijewardana's Journal
		The Nizhniy Novgorod Kremlin is the central part of the ancient town which occupies a relatively small territory on a hill dominating the confluence of the Oka and the Volga rivers.
		The City got its name "Nizhny" may be because of its location on the "Lower" lands comparing with Novgorod the Great or with the so called "Old Little Town" that was situated four vests up the Oka-river, the record of which could be found in literature till the beginning of the 17th century.
		In the beginning of the fourteenth century the construction of the stone Kremlin was finished.
	www.greatestcities.com /users/dumindu (2051 words)

	Kremlin Wall - Tombs - Cemetery - Red Square
		Immediately after the Bolsheviks took control of Moscow in 1917, two identical tombs were built beneath the Kremlin wall to hold the remains of 240 casualties of the October Revolution.
		It became a tradition to bury Soviet heroes by the Kremlin walls.
		Space beneath the walls soon ran out, and from 1925 VIPs were buried within the wall itself.
	www.moscow.info /red-square/kremlin-wall.aspx (233 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin and other Moscow Attractions — Official Moscow Travel Information
		The Moscow Kremlin is Russia's mythic refuge, a self contained city with a multitude of palaces, armories, and churches, a medieval fortress that links the modern nation to its legendary past in the ancient state of Kievan Rus'.
		This most Italianate of the Kremlin's churches, the last of Ivan the Great's contributions to Cathedral Square, is the burial place of the early Tsars and their predecessors, the princes of Moscow.
		The last of the three palaces, the Great Kremlin, was built in the early 19th-century as a Moscow residence for Nicholas I. All three of the palaces possess extraordinary interior decorations belied by their rather unremarkable exteriors.
	www.all-moscow.com /info/kremlin.html (3449 words)

	Tourist Atractions
		The Kremlin is the place to which all Russian roads lead and from which most Russian power emanates.
		The Kremlin occupies a roughly triangular plot of land covering little Borovitsky Hill on the north bank of the Moscow River, probably first settled in the 11th century.
		The Novodevichy Convent (New Convent of the Maidens), a cluster of 16 sparkling domes behind turreted walls in the south-western loop of the Moscow River, is perhaps the most beautiful of the city's convents.
	people.msoe.edu /~lutskerv/atractions.html (757 words)

	Russia Engages the World - NYPL
		Although dating from the late 18th century, this etching, part of a panoramic series depicting the Kremlin walls and the structures within, documents many buildings originally constructed in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries.
		The exterior walls, towers (although the pointed roofs were added later), and many of the religious and secular structures within its walls were designed and built by Italian architects originally hired by Ivan III (r.
		Among the structures visible here are the Kremlin wall (15th century, designed by various Italian architects), the Cathedral of the Annunciation (15th century, with portals recarved by Italian artisans in the 16th century), and the Archangel Cathedral (16th century, by Alevisio Nuovi of Milan).
	russia.nypl.org /events/Kremlinref3.html (188 words)

	Kremlin wall - Spasskaya Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The most remarkable of all the Kremlin towers is the Spasskaya (Saviour's) Tower, known as the Frolovskaya (St. Frol's) Tower until the 17th century, built in 1491 under the supervision of Pietro Antonio Solari.
		In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spassky (Saviour's) Gate was used for ceremonial processions made by the Czar and the Patriarch and for meeting foreign ambassadors.
		This is the Tsarskaya (Tsar's) Tower - a small tent-like turret built on the wall between the Spasskaya (Savior's) and Nabatnaya Towers.
	www.moscow-driver.com /bphoto180.html (260 words)

	Kremlin and Red Square - photos of sightseeing in Moscow on Worldisround
		Although my wife is Russian, she had never visited the Kremlin before.
		This square was the most important one in the Kremlin.
		At 80 meters tall, this is the Kremlin's highest tower.
	www.worldisround.com /articles/21066/index.html (238 words)

	Christy Geldbach-Keeler: History of Moscow
		At the center of the concentric circles (and semicircles) are the Kremlin, the former governmental seat of Russia, and adjacent Red Square, which form the hub of a radial street pattern.
		A stone wall, up to 21 m (70 ft) in height and surmounted by 19 towers, surrounds this triangular complex of former palaces, ecclesiastical edifices, and other monuments of czarist times, some of them dating from the Middle Ages.
		Another landmark of the Kremlin is the Tower of Ivan the Great, a bell tower 98 m (320 ft) high.
	www.unr.edu /geography/GAIN/materials/moscowhistory.html (981 words)

	Moscow - Sept 1st (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The tomb, with its over-sized helmet and guidon draped near the eternal flame within a large metal star, is on a large red granite square at the base of the Kremlin wall and northwest tower.
		On the wall to the south of the tomb are granite blocks for each of the cities awarded "Hero City of the Soviet Union" after the war.
		The residence was built on the order of Catherine II by M.F. Kazakov in the classical style in 1776-1787 and is roughly triangular in shape, anchored by a huge rotunda crowned by an ornate cupola.
	clinton4.nara.gov /WH/New/Russia/today1.html (411 words)

	The Kremlin Wall, Moscow
		The first wall was wooden, later replaced by a white stone wall, alter replaced by the current red brick wall.
		The segment of the wall closest to the Mausoleum is used for burial of the remains of the country's most famous people within the bricks; to be "buried in the wall" is one of the greatest honors a Russian citizen can receive.
		On May 8th, 1967, the memorial architectural ensemble of the Grave of the Unknown Soldier was unveiled between The Corner Arsenal Tower and The Middle Arsenal Tower.
	www.emporis.com /en/wm/cx/?id=111887 (121 words)

	June 28, Wednesday - Helsinki/Moscow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Incidentally, one thing that I learned in preparation for this trip is that the word "Kremlin" in Russian simply means "Walled City" or something similar, so that most old Russian cities have a kremlin.
		Photo 1-8: A first view of the Kremlin wall on the right, with the clock on the tower showing that it is 9 PM.
		Photo 1-9: I forget which building this is in the Kremlin, but if you look hard, you can see the flame on the grave of the unknown soldier there near the ground a quarter of the way from the left edge.
	www.mit.edu /people/mcmullan/195fs.htm (735 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin - Kremlin map
		A quadrangular pass-tower of the eastern Kremlin’s wall.
		Its name is linked both to the icon of St. Nicholas the Miracle-Worker that hung over the gate of the side-strelnitsa and with Nicholas Greek Monastery that had been located on Nikolskaya Street.
		In XVI-XVIIth centuries, the Nikolskaya Tower’s gate was an entrance to the boyars’ estates and the Kremlin’s monasteries.
	www.kreml.ru /en/main/kremlin/towers/Nikolyskaya (215 words)

	Study Abroad - Russia
		From left to right, there is the world-famous St. Basil's Cathedral, followed by the Savior Gate of the Kremlin, which is traditionally the main entrance to the fortress.
		As a result, churches and monasteries all across the country are being restored, and slowly returning to their former glory.
		Here are the Kremlin walls along Kremlevskaya Street (a fitting name), the main avenue along the northern riverbank.
	www.lclark.edu /~russkie/price/moscow1.htm (885 words)

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