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	Kremlin towers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1812, the tower was damaged by an explosion staged by the retreating French army.
		In 1770, the tower was dismantled due to the construction of the Kremlin Palace by Vasili Bazhenov.
		The Kutafya Tower (Кутафья башня in Russian) is an outlying barbican tower of the Moscow Kremlin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kremlin_towers (2611 words)

	Kremlin Walls and Towers in Moscow, Russia
		The tower was erected in 1680, in the place of an older wooden tower from which the young Ivan the Terrible is rumored to have hurled dogs to their deaths and watched the executions taking place on the slope behind St. Basil's Cathedral.
		Built in 1495 by Antonio Bono and Pietro Antonio Solari, the tower was crowned with a spire similar to that of the Spasskaya Tower at the end of the 17th century and serves as the main entrance into the Kremlin complex.
		The tower was known as the Frolovskaya (St. Frol's) Towers until the 17th century, when an Icon of the Savior was placed in its gates and it became and remained for centuries the main official entrance to the Kremlin.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/walls-and-towers.html (1314 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin, Moscow, Russia
		The irregular triangle of the Kremlin walls encloses an area of 275,000 square metres (68 acres).
		The name Kremlin has become a metonym used to refer to the government of the Soviet Union (1922-1991) and its highest members (such as general secretaries, premiers, presidents, ministers, and commissars), in the same way the name White House refers to the government of the United States.
		Kremlin Wall refers to the defense wall that surrounds the Moscow Kremlin, recognizable by the characteristic notches and its Kremlin towers.
	www.magicaljourneys.com /Russia/russia-interest-moscow-kremlin.html (874 words)

	Moscow Kremlin
		The Kremlin at the center of Moscow is an outstanding historical and architectural monument that serves as a symbol for the whole Russia.
		At the end of the 19th-the beginning of the 20th century the Kremlin was already taken by contemporaries as the monument of Russian history and culture.
		In 1937 the five towers of the Kremlin were decorated with ruby stars of 3-3,75 meters in size.
	www.moscow-hotels-russia.com /kreml.htm (1134 words)

	patrickWeb
		Kremlin means "fortress" in Russian and generally refers to any major fortified central complex in Russian cities.
		The one we visited is the best known one, the Moscow Kremlin, where the Russian government is based and where the President of Russia lives.
		The Red square separates the Kremlin from an historic merchant quarter and the major streets of Moscow radiate from the square in all directions.
	patrickweb.com /weblog/categories/travels/st_petersburg_2006-1.html (485 words)

	fortress
		River, the wooden superstructures atop the brick wall towers, and the masonry churches built or being built on the Kremlin hill.
		A small decorative Tsar's Tower near the Savior Tower brings the total of Kremlin wall towers to 20: 7 on the southern perimeter, 8 on the eastern side, and 8 on the western (the total by this reckoning is 23, counting the three corner towers twice).
		Continuing down the western, Alexander Gardens side of the Kremlin triangle, the left photo shows the bridge leading from the small Kutaf'ia Tower (off-picture to the left) to the Trinity Tower, one of the entrance towers in the Kremlin wall.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/CREES/kremlin/fortress.html (3154 words)

	Moscow Kremlin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The metochion was administrated by the Trinity Monastery and boasted the graceful tower church of St.
		The Kremlin Arsenal, several portions of the Kremlin Wall and several wall towers were destroyed by explosions and fires damaged the Faceted Chamber and churches.
		The name Kremlin is often used as a metonymy to refer to the government of the Soviet Union (1922-1991) and its highest members (such as general secretaries, premiers, presidents, ministers, and commissars), in the same way the name Westminster refers to the British government, or White House refers to the government of the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moscow_Kremlin (2123 words)

	kremlin_e3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		During the storming of the Kremlin in 1917 the clock was damaged.
		Next to it rises the Nabatnaya (Alarm) Tower, where in olden times the Alarm Bell used to hang, which was used to sound the alarm for the whole of Moscow.
		The Moscow Kremlin contains fine examples of Russian architecture of the 15th to 17th centuries: the Cathedrals of the Dormition, the Annunciation and the Archangel, Ivan the Great's Bell Tower, the Faceted Palace, the Terern Palace, the Senate Building, the Large Kremlin Palace and the Armoury.
	www.moskva.ru /guide/kremlin/kremlin_e3.html (622 words)

	The Kazan Kremlin
		The Kazan Kremlin, a magnificent architectural ensemble bearting traces of many centuries of building activity, is enclosed by high, white stone walls with characteristic loop-holes and thirteen hippedroofed towers.
		The official versoin of the origin of the tower is that it was raised in the seventeenth century by Russian buildres as a watch-tower for military purposes.
		On the Kazanka side, close to the Suyumbika Tower, is the Palace Church, built on the foundation of the medieval Muraleev Mosque.
	www.kcn.ru /tat_en/kazan/kazkreml.html (1251 words)

	Travel with us to Russia. Excursions in Moscow: Moscow Kremlin
		The Moscow Kremlin is the heart of the Russia capital: major thoroughfares of the city either converge on the Kremlin, or form series of concentric circles around it.
		Today the Kremlin is the main political centre and artistic ensemble in the capital, the seat of the supreme bodies of state power.
		This building of the Kremlin at the end of the fifteenth century was carried on at a time when the idea of Moscow as the Third Rome, the heir to the political and ecclesiastical authority of Rome and Byzantium, was widespread.
	www.mita-tour.com /kremlin.htm (866 words)

	Russia / Exploring Moscow / The Kremlin
		The Kremlin is Russia's mythic refuge, a self contained city with a multitude of palaces, armories, and churches, a medieval fortress that links the modern nation to its legendary past in the ancient state of Kievan Rus'.
		This most Italianate of the Kremlin's churches, the last of Ivan the Great's contributions to Cathedral Square, is the burial place of the early Tsars and their predecessors, the princes of Moscow.
		The last of the three palaces, the Great Kremlin, was built in the early 19th-century as a Moscow residence for Nicholas I. All three of the palaces possess extraordinary interior decorations belied by their rather unremarkable exteriors.
	www.geographia.com /russia/moscow02.htm (2011 words)

	The Kremlin : Kremlin Pictures
		The 70 m (230 ft) high Saviour Tower is the most magnificent of the Kremlin towers, the very symbol and emblem of Moscow.
		The Cathedral of the Annunciation, with its nine gilded domes, is the smallest of the three main Kremlin cathedrals, but the decoration of the interior (in particular the frescoes and icons by Andrei Rublev and Feofan Grek) makesit one of the great treasures of Moscow.
		From the top of the tower - which wasincreased in height by Boris Godunov in 1600, making it the tallest towerin Russia at that time - the view extends for some 40 km (25 miles), soit was a strategic watch tower.
	summoning.ru /photos_eng/kremlin.shtml (976 words)

	Imperialtravel.net - Plases: Moscow
		Kremlin is the center of the city's layout.
		Kremlin most important tower is the Saviour (Spasskaya) Tower, it was built in 1491 by Pietro Solario, who also designed most of the Kremlin main towers.
		Along the northeast wall of the Kremlin are the Arsenal (1702-36), the former Senate building (1776-88), and the School for Red Commanders (1932-34).
	www.imperialtravel.net /moscow.shtml (1219 words)

	The Kremlin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Inside the Kremlin walls is a mix of buildings, ranging from somewhat drab Soviet-era government offices to antique churches, such as the Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles (second from left) and the Cathedral of the Assumption.
		Despite the abundance of buildings, the southeast part of the Kremlin interior is a large garden, almost a small forest, with carefully maintained walkways.
		The most famous of the Kremlin's towers is the Spasskaya (Savior) clock tower, also visible from Red Square, but there are eighteen others, including the Tainitskaya and the Beklemishevskaya, both seen here from the walkway along the south side of the Kremlin interior.
	www.midwinter.com /~koreth/russia/kremlin (200 words)

	The Kremlin in Moscow, Russia
		The Kremlin is the historical, spiritual and political heart of Moscow and the city's most famous landmark and tourist attraction.
		The word "kremlin" means simply "fortification" or "citadel" in Russian, and is thought to derive from either the Ancient Greek words kremn or kremnos, meaning a steep hill above a ravine, or the Slavonic term kremnik, meaning thick coniferous forest, that being the likely material from which the original fort was constructed.
		With the Bolshevik storming of the Kremlin during the 1917 Revolution the fortress was closed to the public for the next 50 years and the only architectural additions made by the Soviet regime were the 1934 Presidium and the modernistic State Kremlin Palace (previously the Palace of Congresses) in 1961.
	www.moscow-taxi.com /sightseeing/kremlin/kremlin.html (787 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin - Pages of history
		One of the most remarkable exhibits of the Kremlin museums linked to the genealogy of Russian princes is the Cap of Monomakh, the Russian Tsars' inherited crown.
		Under Dmitry Donskoy in 1367-1368, the white-stone walls and towers of the Kremlin were erected and Moscow began to be called "white-stone".
		The Kremlin became the seat of the highest state bodies, a sort of preserve, where only those who lived or worked there were admitted.
	www.kremlin.museum.ru /en/main/history (336 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin - Pages of history
		In 1937, on five towers of the Kremlin (the Water-Supplying Tower was added) ruby luminous stars crowning towers till nowadays were mounted.
		In December, 1991, the USSR as the state of 15 republics ceased to be.
		Moscow became capital of the independent Russian Federation (Russia), and the ancient Kremlin became residence of the President of the country.
	www.kremlin.museum.ru /en/main/history/kremlin/XX (321 words)

	Moscow Kremlin (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is a fortified complex (see Kremlin towers) which includes the Kremlin Palaces and Kremlin Cathedrals, overlooking the Red Square in Moscow.
		[[Tsar Pushka, the Imperial Cannon, at the Moscow Kremlin]] The oldest secular structure still standing is the Palace of Facets (1491), which holds the Imperial thrones, it was commissioned by Ivan IV (the Terrible).
		The name Kremlin has become a metonym used to refer to the government of the Soviet Union (1922-1991) and its highest members, such as general secretaries, premiers, presidents, ministers, and commissars.
	moscow-kremlin.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (606 words)

	The Moscow Kremlin: History
		The Commandant’s and Armoury Towers are situated to the south of the Trinity Tower.
		The Kremlin walls and towers were built by Russian masons under the supervision of Italian engineers and architects whose names have been retained in the descendants’ memory.
		The Kremlin became an island fortress reliably protected on the sides of all the gates (the moat was not evened until 1801).
	caroun.com /Countries/Europe/Russia/Kremlin/03-Kremlin-History-2.html (1618 words)

	Kremlin - tips by travel authority Howard Hillman
		The czars ruled the expanse of Russia from within the Kremlin ("citadel") walls.
		One of them is the 70-meter (230-foot) Savior Tower that dominates the Kremlin skyline (see left spire in photo).
		Not to be missed is the Kremlin Armory (now a museum).
	www.hillmanwonders.com /kremlin/kremlin.htm (196 words)

	Kremlin's ruby stars to be restored - Pravda.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Kremlin's five-pointed ruby stars that have been shining day and night over Moscow's skyline for 65 years are going under restoration in 2003.
		He didn't mention the precise number of glass panels to be changed, but explained that each of the five stars crowning the Kremlin's towers (20 towers in all) has two layers of glass: the internal one is made of opaque glass and the external - from ruby glass, both 6-7 mm thick.
		The output of three stars - on Spasskaya, Nikolskaya and Troitskaya towers - is 5,000 watts and on Borovitskaya and Vodovzvodnaya towers - 3,700 watts.
	english.pravda.ru /society/2002/11/02/39037.html (630 words)

	Kremlin Puzzle 3D version history
		Kremlin Puzzle 3D is a beautifil 3D constructor game.
		There are six nice objects, prototyped from Moscow Kremlin theme - few Kremlin Towers, Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon.
		Version history for Kremlin Puzzle 3D shows you how often it was updated over the past months (starting November 2004) as well as 'what is new' information for each update (if available, since this information provided by the author).
	www.softpile.com /apphistory/kremlin_puzzle_3d.html (79 words)

	How to Tour the Kremlin - eHow.com
		Keep in mind that the Moscow Kremlin also houses the residence and offices of Russia's president, and affairs of state sometimes close parts of the Kremlin to tourists.
		The view of St. Basil's Cathedral and the ruby stars on the Kremlin towers is nothing short of amazing by night.
		This may be to prevent you from being mistaken for one of the guards.
	www.ehow.com /how_10748.0_tour-kremlin.html (444 words)

	My First Trip to Moscow
		The Kremlin is off to the right behind a big brick wall.
		The two towers on the right are among the Kremlin towers.
		One of the several towers surrounding the Kremlin.
	www.angelfire.com /ego/porterclark/russtrip1/red.html (430 words)

	Photos from Moscow, Russia
		One of the Kremlin towers - The Spasskaya Tower built in 1491
		Basil's Cathedral opposite Spasskaya Tower (on the Kremlin wall) at one end of Red Square
		Kremlin architecture is an interesting mix of old and new
	www.hertzlers.com /photogallery/moscow (156 words)

	ABS-CBN Interactive
		The Kremlin is even more beautiful today being the permanent residence of the highest legislative and executive bodies of the state.
		All the Kremlin buildings: historical, artistic and architectural monuments are protected and maintained by the government.
		Five ancient Kremlin towers, the Trinity, the Saint Nicholas, the Saviour, the Water and the Borovitskaya have been surmounted with shining five-pointed stars.
	www.abs-cbnnews.com /storyPage.aspx?storyId=53273 (910 words)

	Study Abroad - Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Borovitskaya Gate Tower, on the north-west corner of the Kremlin.
		A close-up of the red stars which still adorn the tops of the Kremlin towers.
		As is always the case when you visit a famous site, the Kremlin was undergoing repairs while I was there.
	www.lclark.edu /~mrprice/russia/moscow2.htm (309 words)

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