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Topic: Kriegsmarine

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	History
		In the years before the war, the Kriegsmarine believed that any military confrontation in the near future would not be against Great Britain again, Poland and France were seen as possible enemies and the naval construction was directed to with this possible enemies in mind.
		In the early years, the Kriegsmarine archived some remarkable results, like the invasion of Norway and the destruction of several major British ships, but this lucky time ended with the sinking of the battleship Bismarck in May 1941.
		At the end of the war, only two of the major Kriegsmarine ships were still operational, all other were sunk, either during their operations or destroyed during the last months and weeks of the war in their bases.
	www.german-navy.de /kriegsmarine (314 words)

	the kriegsmarine
		One of the most famous German posters of the war, the recruitment advertisement for the newly-formed Kriegsmarine.
		On 21 May 1935, the Reichsmarine was renamed the Kriegsmarine, with research and development cranked up to new levels.
		The British ambivalence towards German rearmament was confirmed not long afterwards when the Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 18 June 1935 was signed, with Britain "allowing" Germany to re-equip its Navy, albeit up to a strength thirty-five percent of that of the Royal Navy, at the time the most powerful seaborne force in the world.
	www.u47.org /english/u47_kri.asp (844 words)

	Kriegsmarine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hitler and Regent Horthy of Hungary observing Kriegsmarine U-Boat maneuvers in 1938
		The Kriegsmarine (or "War Navy") was the name of the German Navy between 1935 and 1945, during the Nazi regime, superseding the Reichsmarine.
		The major events for the Kriegsmarine during the first year of the war were the Battle of the River Plate and the sinking of the HMS Royal Oak.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kriegsmarine (1915 words)

	Narvik Shield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The version shown here at right is an example of the gold tinted shield issued to members of the Kriegsmarine.
		Kriegsmarine: 3,661 (destroyer crews - 2,672, other – 115, posthumous – 410), merchant navy - 442 (posthumous - 22).
		In that year the shield was reissued without the eagle and swastika.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Narvik_Shield (435 words)

	Cryptologia: Kriegsmarine short signal systems--and how Bletchley Park exploited them
		One reason for the Kriegsmarine's adoption of short signals was its awareness of the use made of naval shore direction-finding (DF) by the major European naval powers during WWI.
		Kriegsmarine short signals fell into three main classes: alpha signals (called "E bars" by BP and the Royal Navy because of the German morse form3 of their prefix), beta signals4 (known as "B bars" by the British) and weather signals (called "WWs" by Hut 8 on account of their prefix).
		However, the Kriegsmarine's fear of shore HFDF is illustrated by the fact that this was changed on 12 February 1941,[20] so that the group was transmitted only once.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3926/is_199901/ai_n8847244 (1269 words)

	Feldgrau :: Kriegsmarine - The Navy 1935-1945
		The newly formed Wehrmacht would still consist of an army and a navy - the renamed Heer and Kriegsmarine, but a new airforce was born as well - the Luftwaffe.
		The Kriegsmarine can be said to have consisted of three main components between 1935 and 1945, individual naval vessels, naval formations consisting of specific types of ships and a wide variety of ground based units.
		The Kriegsmarine was offically disbanded in August of 1946 by the Allied Control Commission, although many smaller Kriegsmarine ships survived on active service, now under Allied control, as a part of the German contingent to clear the oceans and seas of mines sown by Axis and Allies alike.
	www.feldgrau.com /main1.php?ID=4 (645 words)

	Kriegsmarine
		After the "happy time" of the early war years, the later war years were much grimmer for the Kriegsmarine, in which the U-boat crews went to sea knowing that their life expectancy was short and their fate likely to be a watery grave.
		In addition there are many official Kriegsmarine photos that were given to crew members to start their albums, including the sinking of the British aircraft carrier Glorious and photos from the famous Channel dash.
		Among the authors are the heads of the Kriegsmarine, surface fleet, and naval intelligence, chief of the naval war staff, flag officer of U-boats, senior liaison officer to the Italian Navy, commander of small battle units, senior naval officer in the Black Sea, and C-in-C West.
	www.aberdeenbookstore.com /kriegsmarine.htm (6860 words)

	Operation Sealion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		However, the Kriegsmarine had thought of this, and decided that the barges would be adequately protected if the soldiers on the barges (travelling at night) "Fired at unidentified ships".
		The Kriegsmarine were told to put the Wehrmacht ashore in Dover, but nothing in the Wehrmacht plans indicates that they were required to capture Dover.
		The Kriegsmarine was opposed to its use for the also quite reasonable reason that the landings were quite difficult enough without making it impossible to see anything.
	www.flin.demon.co.uk /althist/seal1.htm (3760 words)

	Kriegsmarine Honor Clasp
		In the case of the Kriegsmarine the decoration that represented induction into the roll was a marine anchor surmounted by a swastika, with a wreath of oak leaves rolled up in the same direction surrounding the whole clasp.
		As with the Heer and Lufwaffe version, the Kriegsmarine Honor Roll Clasp was to be mounted on the ribbon of the Iron Cross 2
		Herbert Grohne, recipient of the Honor Clasp of the Kriegsmarine on March 27, 1945.
	www.wehrmacht-awards.com /honor_awards/clasps/marine_clasp.htm (334 words)

	Leica II Kriegsmarine
		At first many Leica collectors told me that the camera was a fake since "MF" numbers were not used by the Kriegsmarine.
		It was apparently sold in Argentina, and then taken over in the Kriegsmarine.
		Due to the high value of the then super speed 50/1.5 lens, and the Nazi eagle and swastika, I'm guessing this was the personal camera of a Kriegsmarine officer who was also a Nazi Party member.
	www.cameraquest.com /kriegsma.htm (1180 words)

	Welcome To Replicaters.com
		The Kriegsmarine Tropical uniform is cut in brownish-tan 100% cotton drill fabric, is single breasted with 5 buttons and pleated patch pockets on the breast and skirt of the tunic.
		The Kriegsmarine uniform tropical shirt is made in brownish-tan cotton twill fabric and is a pullover type of shirt with 4 button closure.
		The Kriegsmarine uniform leather trousers are available in both fl and pale leather and have straight legs with horizontal seams across the legs.
	www.replicaters.com /ww2germannavy.html (2811 words)

	Kriegsmarine Art: Then and Now... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Graphic depictions of the Kriegsmarine in action have survived in material as diverse as stamps, magazine covers and officially sanctioned "war art".
		During the Kriegsmarine's short existence there were several painters at work immortalising the big ships and U-boats.
		The appeal of artistic material related to the Kriegsmarine seems to be holding an undiminished level of interest even now, sixty years after the outbreak of World War Two.
	www.uboatwar.net /art.htm (754 words)

	Kriegsmarine
		Kriegsmarine is a North Carolina fusion outfit comprised of four talented musicians, three brothers and a friend, who take part in World War II re-enactments on the side.
		They named their band after the Nazi German Navy and dedicated it to both Jesus Christ and a Nazi U-boat captain, but they insist they are not neo-Nazis.
		Kriegsmarine’s conception is about as original as anything since Morphine, and no doubt their ideas will be rounded out well as they gain more experience.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /php/article.php?id=9770 (384 words)

	uboat.net - The Men - Kriegsmarine Crews
		Each new intake of officer cadets in the Kriegsmarine (German Navy 1935-1945) was known as "crews".
		This was normally one such crew a year but closer to the war and esp. during the war the crews became more numerous.
		This was the last Kriegsmarine crew that had U-boat officers in its ranks, also known as the Skagerak-Crew.
	uboat.net /men/training/crews.htm (1063 words)

	Flags of the Navy 1933-1945 (Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Flag of the Inspector Admiral of the Navy of the Greater German Reich with the Rank of Grand Admiral 1943-1945
		As the one for Navy Batallion Commanders but the fields are fl, white, red (top to bottom) and the anchor is a little bitter higher.
		As the one for Navy Batallion Commanders but the fields are fl, white, fl (top to bottom) and the anchor is a little bitter higher.
	flagspot.net /flags/de~933rk.html (716 words)

	Listing of Kriegsmarine Reenacting Units
		We are in the process of researching the history of every aspect of the Kriegsmarine.
		Our short term, and long term goals are to build a reenactment unit with members that are highly motivated in the study, and reenactment, of the Kriegsmarine.
		Kriegsmarine Kustenabteilung (USA) -- Our goal with this organization must be to portray ourselves as closely as is practicable to the units that we are representing.
	www.reenactor.net /ww2/axis/kmarine_main.html (506 words)

	Peifer - Temp
		During the immediate post—war period, both the British and the Americans utilized former Kriegsmarine personnel to maintain, transfer, and destroy Kriegsmarine vessels and assets; to assist in orderly demobilization and demolition; and to clear mines (the German Minesweeping Administration).
		Among the Kriegsmarine officers employed by these organizations was one Hans—Helmut Klose, a daring veteran of the Kriegsmarine’s S—boat branch.
		Former Kriegsmarine officers remained outraged about the imprisonment of the grand admirals, and were hostile toward the idea.
	www.ijnhonline.org /volume1_number1_Apr02/article_peifer_bundesmarine_germany.doc.htm (6432 words)

	Germania International Kriegsmarine
		The condition is good with some honest wear to the leather brim binding and the patent-leather strap.
		This is a great find and no fine Imperial naval collection should be deprived of this one unique chance to add a real rarity of the high seas.
		It is in practically mint condition with the much-desired deep-orange grip.
	www.germaniainternational.com /navy3.html (1230 words)

	CD Baby: MARK SCHMIDT: Kriegs Marine
		kriegsmarine is one kick ass band, if this music doesent get you going you must be dead !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
		kriegsmarine is a delightful break from the monotonous routine of regular music.
		KRIEGSMARINE is a must have for all music lovers, notjust jazz lovers.
	www.cdbaby.com /kriegsmarine (599 words)

	Northwest Historical Association (NWHA) - WW2 Reenacting Society
		Barred from even having a navy after WWI, the Kriegsmarine developed rapidly after the rise of the National Socialists and the subsequent rearmament.
		The Kriegsmarine's largest campaign was in Norway, where it fought well but suffered heavy loses.
		From then on the service was very much in the shadow of the British Royal Navy, and the Kriegsmarine focused its tactics on U-Boats, fast channel raiders, and long distance convoy raiders.
	www.nwha.org /news_4Q2001/news_page13.html (485 words)

	Cryptologia: NAVAL ENIGMA: SEAHORSE AND OTHER KRIEGSMARINE CIPHER BLUNDERS
		The Enigma cipher used in the decrypt was codenamed "Seahorse" by the British codebreakers in Hut 8 (naval Enigma) at the Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS) in Bletchley Park.
		Seahorse was employed on traffic between the Kriegsmarine's headquarters in Berlin1 and the German naval attaché in Tokyo (Admiral Paul Wenneker for most of the war2) - hence its German name, "Bertok".
		The substantive text of the decrypt, which is set out in Appendix 1, started "Extract from war diary of Schiff 28 up to 25/6/42" - scarcely a sentence likely to occur to a deviser of cribs (probable plain text) for the bombes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3926/is_200407/ai_n9458624 (1227 words)

	U Boats of The Kriegsmarine
		The largest boats built by the Kriegsmarine were the XB type and originally designed as minelayers.
		Unfortunately, this boat sank off Toulon while on delivery, the sinking report refers to "a welding defect." A second report indicates that the boat went down with all hands (French) in the Bay of Biscay in 1947.
		The Kriegsmarine needed to vector the wolfpacks onto the convoys.
	www.bosun.net /page9a.html (3848 words)

	High Tide of the Kriegsmarine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		For political reasons, Admiral Donitz was ironically overjoyed when he heard that the surface vessels of the Kriegsmarine were about to commit suicide, or so he believed, after he had just been informed about Hitler’s latest naval adventure - which in comparison made the “mad dash” appear sensible.
		Knowing that a great victory was in stall for the Kriegsmarine, Raeder wanted the remaining British battleship destroyed and no four Royal Navy destroyers were going to stop this mighty achievement.
		As a result, all four destroyers bore the might of the large German guns and were promptly dealt with.
	athens.dnstraffic.net /~changing/samples/ww2/high_tide_of_the_kriegsmarine.htm (6771 words)

	››› buch.de - bücher - versandkostenfrei - Kriegsmarine: The Illustrated History of Germany's ...
		Kriegsmarine: The Illustrated History of Germany's Naval Forces in WWII
		Though the German Navy's World War II surface fleet was relatively small, ships like the Graf Spee, Bismarck, and Tirpitz tied down a substantial portion of Allied naval resources for much of the war, while its U-boat fleet wreaked terror with merchant vessels and nearly starved Britain into surrender.
		This pictorial record explains the Kriegsmarine's World War I roots and its rebuilding in contravention to the Treaty of Versailles before going on to examine the rebirth of the German U-boat fleet, the use of commerce raiders like the Atlantis and Komet, the naval campaigns in which the German navy participated, and Kriegsmarine leaders.
	www.buch.de /buch/03394/515_kriegsmarine_the_illustrated_history_of_germanys_naval_forces_in_wwii.html (243 words)

	War Badges of the Kriegsmarine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The German Navy (Kriegsmarine) fought the duration of the war with a significant inferiority in the number of surface ships.
		The battleships groups they did possess found themselves at the disadvantage of having to fight against the odds, and were sunk fairly early in the war.
		There were a significant number of Kriegsmarine personnel employed in other venues, such as coastal defense, anti-aircraft duties, e-boats (fast attack boats), and escort ships.
	www.wehrmacht-awards.com /war_badges/kriegsmarine/kriegsmarine.htm (200 words)

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