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Topic: Kriegspiel

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	Kriegspiel (chess) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kriegspiel is a chess variant in which each player can see their own pieces, but not those of their opponent.
		Since the position of the opponents pieces is unknown, kriegspiel is not a game with perfect information.
		Chess kriegspiel was used in 19th century Germany to train military officers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kriegspiel_(chess) (434 words)

	WAR GAME - LoveToKnow Article on WAR GAME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Kriegspiel is, as the name indicates, of German origin.
		Yet whilst accepting a certain unreality in kriegspiel, and to a less degree in field maruieuvres, both by one and the other military training and education are furthered.
		But the greater an officers familiarity with military history, the more likely he is to provrde the margin of safety against such incidents in his dispositions, and thus kriegspiel, even in the domain of general tactics, is of invaluable assistance as a means of applying sound principles, learned in other ways, to concrete cases.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WA/WAR_GAME.htm (1075 words)

	ICC : Chess Variants - Kriegspiel
		In Kriegspiel, this feeling is inescapable because your are not allowed to see or be informed what your opponents moves are, nor he yours.
		Kriegspiel was once quite popular within the Club, but requires a bit of organisation to bring it off and also cannot be combined with any serious play at normal chess due to the need for constant verbal communication between the players and the umpire.
		Part of the reason was probably inadequate preparation and awareness-raising publicity internally, but it may be that kriegspiel no longer generates the interest it once did, which is sad because it's great fun (the Webmaster prefers to be umpire!).
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /ins.chess/varns/krieg.htm (868 words)

	Playing "Wild" Chess Variants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Actually, for losers, kriegspiel, and bughouse, instead of using the wild number, you can specify the type of game by using the name in match commands (not seeks).
		Kriegspiel is a chess variant where you cannot see your opponent's pieces or moves, and he/she cannot see yours.
		Note -- kriegspiel should be played with a long time control, with increment, because timestamp will not compensate for moves where you need to wait for the server to tell you your move was an illegal one.
	www.chessclub.com /tips/wild.html (1997 words)

	Kriegspiel
		Kriegspiel is September's Recognized Chess Variant of the month.
		The main idea of Kriegspiel is that players only get to see their own pieces, but do not see the pieces of their opponent, and do not know what moves the opponent has made - they only have some partial information (see below) that allows them to guess where the opponents pieces are.
		A description of Kriegspiel as played in Cincinnati in the 1970's, with a discussion of why those particular rules were used Author: David Moeser
	www.chessvariants.com /incinf.dir/kriegspiel.html (1147 words)

	Force 21
		Both games accounted for the combat effectiveness of the pieces on varying terrain, but "Neues Kriegspiel" was the only one of the two that accounted for different movement rates over different terrain for each unit.
		In 1811, Reiswitz introduced the sand table in his "Kriegspiel", and pieces that accurately represented the size of units on a standardized scale.
		Only the umpires were allowed to observe the map and the pieces, and they were responsible for executing the players' orders and reporting the current situation, as well as describing the battle scenario to them at the outset.
	www.redstorm.com /games/force21/china/logs/engineering/brueggemann.html (1637 words)

	Icon Program Library: progs/krieg.icn
		Kriegspiel (German for "war game") implements a monitor and, if desired, an automatic opponent for a variation of the game of chess which has the same rules and goal as ordinary chess except that neither player sees the other's moves or pieces.
		Thus Kriegspiel combines the intricacies and flavor of chess with additional elements of uncertainty, psychology, subterfuge, etc., which characterize games of imperfect information such as bridge or poker.
		Even with the feedback about checks and captures, a newcomer to Kriegspiel might still think that the players have so little information that they could do little more than shuffle around randomly hoping to accidentally capture enemy pieces or checkmate the enemy king.
	www.cs.arizona.edu /icon/library/progs/krieg.htm (847 words)

	Kriegspiel PGN
		Because of this fact, an unfiltered Kriegspiel move history can be completely encoded as an ordinary chess PGN file, with illegal move attempts and referee announcements appended in comments (the referee's announcements are only needed for human readability).
		To describe a player's game state in Kriegspiel, a move history must be filtered to retain only the information available to the player; this can be done by simply masking the identity of the opponent's moves.
		Kriegspiel PGN also uses SAN for both legal and illegal moves, with some caveats described in the next section.
	www.eecs.berkeley.edu /~jawolfe/kriegspiel/notation.html (1220 words)

	About the Game of Kriegspiel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Kriegspiel is variation of regular chess in which each of the two players may only see his own pieces on his own chessboard.
		Kriegspiel means "War Game", and it is easy to understand the parallels.
		In Kriegspiel, in contrast, all of this certainty evaporates.
	www.kriegspiel.co.uk /manual/Hm000002.Htm (344 words)

	Map kriegspiel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The military kriegspiel gradually became a recognized means of officer training, and later even evolved into an aid for strategic planning.
		His approach to the wargame was the free kriegspiel, in which the umpire had a totally free hand to decide the result of moves and combats.
		A free kriegspiel is particularly suitable for playing siege operations, since the tedious repetition of many siege operations can be rushed through by the umpire to fit the available time.
	home.freeuk.net /henridecat/kriegspiel/mapkreig.htm (2536 words)

	Discreet Kriegspiel
		Kriegspiel variant: played with a referee where pieces cloak and uncloak.
		Kriegspiel variant where one side can see, but lacks both Knights, a Bishop and the Queen.
		A description of Kriegspiel as played in Cincinnati in the 1970's, with a discussion of why those particular rules were used.
	play.chessvariants.org /erf/Kriegsp3.html (278 words)

	Kriegspiel: Chess Under Uncertainty (David H. Li) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Kriegspiel is a chess variant where you can't see your opponent's pieces.
		The sample games were not so well played, and the analysis is a bit dubious at points, but it's amusing to read through, if not awfully edifying.
		For a treatise on Kriegspiel I would have liked to see some analysis of things like the king and rook versus king ending, and other practical studies and problems.
	www.interference.com /webstore/us/product/0963785214.htm (166 words)

	Chapter 9 - Wargames at War - Why Use History?
		Kriegspiel (19th century)- Germans were the first to adapt chess model to more recent combat developments.
		Free Kriegspiel (late 19th century, early 20th century)- Combined recent combat experience of armed forces and guidance of combat experienced officers to supplement extensive rules and play mechanics.
		Kriegspiel versus the bean counters (1940-1965)- The Operations Research crowd threw out the baby with the bath water when they applied their talents to combat modeling.
	www.hyw.com /Books/WargamesHandbook/9-b-hist.htm (532 words)

	Decision Making under uncertainty: A Rational Approach to Kriegspiel - Ciancarini, Dalla, Maran (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Abstract: Kriegspiel is an heterodox Chess variation in which the players have incomplete information because they are not informed of their opponent's position and moves.
		Each player tries to guess the position of the opponent's pieces as the game progresses by trying moves that can be either legal or illegal with respect to the real situation: a referee accepts legal moves and rejects...
		Its analogue in Kriegspiel is described by Ferguson (1992) Tsuitate Tsume Shogi is a mating problem of Tsuitate Shogi...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /ciancarini97decision.html (507 words)

	ChessBase.com - Chess News - Amber 12: Bareev beats Anand 2-0 in first round Kriegspiel
		Kriegspiel was introduced at the end of the 19th century and became very popular, even amongst famous chess players like Emanuel Lasker.
		The main point about Kriegspiel is that players only get to see their own pieces, not those of their opponents.
		The player who had won the two previous sections in such dominating style, Vishy Anand, suffered two painful losses in the first two Kriegspiel games, and that at the hands of Evgeny Bareev, who was to be found at the bottom end of the blindfold and rapid sections.
	www.chessbase.com /newsdetail.asp?newsid=2298 (883 words)

	Welbeck Kriegspiel
		Hubert Philips, who also invented Assassin Kriegspiel (a further modification of Welbeck Kriegspiel) invented this game in 1917, in Welbeck Park.
		Similar to Kriegspiel, the game is played by two players, with help of a third person: the referee.
		At the start of the game, the players set their pieces secretly on the first four rows of the board, i.e., white deploys his pieces on rows 1, 2, 3, and 4, and fl deploys his pieces on rows 5, 6, 7, and 8.
	www.chessvariants.org /incinf.dir/welbeck.html (290 words)

	Kriegspiel - Cincinnati Style
		Kriegspiel uses a regular board, a regular set, and the regular rules of chess.
		The idea of Kriegspiel is this: The player on move attempts either to make a legal move, or to make moves called "tries" which have as their prime objective the obtaining of insight as to what the real position is.
		Cincinnati-style Kriegspiel should be playable by different armies--the rules specify that only pawn/piece is announced for a capture, not which piece.
	www.chessvariants.com /incinf.dir/kriegspiel2.html (2672 words)

	METAMUTE : M24: Web Exclusives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Halter described the Kriegspiel as literally the first 'war-simulator' that allowed players, mostly military officers, to recreate or test battle sequences, initially working from the tactics and strategies of the Napoleonic wars.
		The Kriegspiel's first design relied heavily upon a complex rule and scoring system where teams were situated on opposite sides of a room with a battlefield board placed in between [1].
		Due to its rather rigorous and mathematical process, the Kriegspiel, was believed to be a tactical supplement to battlefield practices and could be used to not only train soldiers, but to actually predict possible outcomes of multiple campaigns cooked up in the minds of Prussian hawks.
	www.metamute.com /look/article.tpl?IdLanguage=1&IdPublication=1&NrIssue=24&NrSection=5&NrArticle=1377 (2211 words)

	Wargames 1a: A Brief History of Wargames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In German, wargame is translated as "kriegspiel." The Kriegspiel games became at least somewhat popular among the German military as a training exercise.
		Free Kriegspiel resolved combat through the judgment of an umpire or referee who determined the outcome of encounters based on military experience.
		While it is possible that some players believed free Kriegspiel produced more accurate results, it is clear that many proponents of free Kriegspiel preferred not to be bothered by the elaborate calculations imposed by rigid Kriegspiel.
	www.wargamesdirectory.com /html/articles/wargames/page1a.asp (1247 words)

	ICC : Chess Variants Index
		The Club has engaged in two main chess variants and this section of the Website is devoted to them: Four-handed Chess and Kriegspiel.
		Kriegspiel is a fiendish derivative where the players do not see each others moves!
		The assistance of a third party, the umpire, is required along with three ordinary sets and boards (one each for the two players plus another for the umpire.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /ins.chess/vars.htm (121 words)

	ICC Help: Kriegspiel
		Kriegspiel (wild 16) is a chess variant in which you cannot see your opponent's pieces!
		When you try to make a move, ICC may tell you that your move is illegal, in which case you should make another move instead.
		If you disconnect or get disconnected during a Kriegspiel game, the game is a loss.
	www.chessclub.com /help/Kriegspiel (448 words)

	Untitled Document
		The economy is actually remarkably robust - in most early games money had no value, but since Kriegspiel troops need to be paid, there is at least one brief period where money is worth something.
		The Kriegspiel system is detailed elsewhere, along with the troop values.
		The Yellow Danger is mostly a Kriegspiel event, but it does sometimes run over into the main game, with the GMs and a few other loose bodies taking the roles of marauding Chinese invaders, who must be combated.
	www.vialarp.org /clarence/back_events.html (2413 words)

	Object Design: Finding Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the game of Kriegspiel, three boards and sets of chessmen are used.
		The Kriegspiel application, even though it too is an Internet application, has fundamentally different drivers.
		Our goal in designing Internet Kriegspiel isn’t to simulate the real world but instead to construct a model that represents what is needed to run a computerized game.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=30664&seqNum=3 (1514 words)

	The Free Kriegspiel
		I seem to remember that the Franco-Prussian war was planned using kriegspiele, but I cannot vouch for this information.
		If true, it emphasises the role of kriegspiele in training, and the danger that the prejudices of senior staff would be perpetuated.
		Scott was using his own rules on this occasion, but from the stand-point of the players, who did not know his rules, it may as well have been a free kriegspiel.
	sawargamer.co.za /Articles/showArticle.asp?Art=31 (1189 words)

	Matthew G. Kirschenbaum: Cardboard Computers Redux
		And there were lunch time games of Kriegspiel (“War game,” in German.) Kriegspiel is a form of “blind chess,” in which two players sit side by side, each with a board, and a divider blocks the view of each other’s board.
		There is a referee who provides “clues,” by announcing when a piece is successfully captured or when a player cannot make a move because an opponent’s piece blocks the way.
		For a certain kind of mind, Kriegspiel was recess.
	www.otal.umd.edu /~mgk/blog/archives/000755.html (216 words)

	[No title]
		# ############################################################################ # # Kriegspiel (German for "war game") implements a monitor and, if desired, # an automatic opponent for a variation of the game of chess which has the # same rules and goal as ordinary chess except that neither player sees # the other's moves or pieces.
		Thus Kriegspiel combines the intricacies # and flavor of chess with additional elements of uncertainty, psychology, # subterfuge, etc., which characterize games of imperfect information such # as bridge or poker.
		In the author's experience, a skilled Kriegspiel player will win # most games against a novice, even if both players are equally matched at # regular chess.
	www.cs.arizona.edu /icon/library/src/progs/krieg.icn (2420 words)

	[No title]
		The players may begin with a game exactly like the ordinary Kriegspiel, with scouts and boxed soldiers, which will develop into such battles as are here described, as the troops come into contact.
		Upon such a country a Kriegspiel could be played with rules upon the lines of the following sketch rules, which are the result of a discussion between Colonel Sykes and myself, and in which most of the new ideas are to be ascribed to Colonel Sykes.
		We believe that the nearer that Kriegspiel approaches to an actual small model of war, not only in its appearance but in its emotional and intellectual tests, the better it will serve its purpose of trial and education.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext03/ltwrs11.txt (14120 words)

	A page on Kriegspiel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Kriegspiel is a chess variant: the normal rules of chess apply, but players cannot see the opponent's pieces and pawns.
		The Dark Side of the Chessboard: an Assistant to Play Kriegspiel over the ICC (With GP.
		This is an interface to play Kriegspiel on the ICC.
	www.cs.unibo.it /people/faculty/cianca/wwwpages/chesssite/kriegspiel/kriegspiel.html (154 words)

	Lispmeister.com : Etudes for Programmers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A Kriegspiel game features two people playing chess against each other.
		All the rules of chess (with the exception of conventions about forced draws) apply, but each player has his own board and cannot see the opponent's position on the other board.
		With our Kriegspiel monitor, a player was allowed to put any number of opponent's pieces of any type on his own board, subject to two limitations.
	lispmeister.com /blog/books/etudes-for-programmers.html (500 words)

	GiocAreA OnLine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Back to our von Reisswitz and his Kriegspiel, its main innovation was in featuring a real set of rules to create and reproduce miniature battles, using armies formation as they were in that moment.
		Prince Wilhelm of Prussia was a great fan of Kriegspiel, and he also exported it to Russia, where Prince Nicholas was one of his first followers.
		Meanwhile, the original set of rules was continually improved: later, it allowed the throw of a die to introduce a certain amount of “randomness” - which actually was representing the soldiers’ “valour” facing a peril, as well as many other tactical circumstances.
	www.davincigames.com /giocarea_eng/08/cover.htm (1470 words)

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