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Topic: Kroncong

	Music of Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Kroncong has been evolving since the arrival of the Portuguese, who brought with them Europeean instruments.
		There is a style of kroncong native to Solo called langgam jawa, which fuses kroncong with the gamelan seven-note scale.
		Early in the 20th century, kroncong was used in a type of theater called komedi stanbul; adapted for this purpose, the music was called gambang kromong.
	uncover.us /en/wikipedia/m/mu/music_of_indonesia.html (966 words)

	a-musik: mailorder, distribution, recordshop, label
		when kroncong was later taken up by the popular theater and the recording industry, the improvised pantun gave way to fixed lyrics, and the element of competition dropped away.
		the modern idiom and instrumentation of kroncong were fixed by the late 1930s, and by 1940s and 1950s - a time of war and revolution - the themes of love gave way to patriotism and revolution.
		today kroncong is popular mostly amongst the generation now in their 50s and 60s that experienced the fight for indonesian independence.
	www.a-musik.com /cart/catalog.php?label=320&am_id=016fb43fd1e476303dc6962a7944ccc8&am_id=016fb43fd1e476303dc6962a7944ccc8 (1161 words)

	Music of Indonesia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Kroncong has been evolving since the arrival of the (The Romance language spoken in Portugal and Brazil) Portuguese, who brought with them (The 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles) Europeean instruments.
		There is a style of kroncong native to (A musical composition for one voice or instrument (with or without accompaniment)) Solo called langgam jawa, which fuses kroncong with the (A traditional Indonesian ensemble typically including many tuned percussion instruments including bamboo xylophones and wooden or bronze chimes and gongs) gamelan seven-note scale.
		Early in the (Click link for more info and facts about 20th century) 20th century, kroncong was used in a type of theater called komedi stanbul; adapted for this purpose, the music was called gambang kromong.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mu/music_of_indonesia.htm (1502 words)

	Keroncong - Joglosemar Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Nowadays, Kroncong still has its valuable place in the world of music entertainment performed in front of the audience, in the television & radio.
		It is a probability, that our people saw the European played their music with western music instruments hundreds years ago in the old days, the Kroncong had its root in Jakarta with its Kroncong Tugu (Tugu is a village in the coast of Jakarta) & Central Java.
		According to Andjar Any, this development is not destructive, it is a process, it is a proof that kroncong has a place in the heart of Indonesian society.
	www.cjb.cc /members/joglosemar/keroncong.html (494 words)

	jan18_concert
		Kroncong was made popular and national in the 1930’s and has experienced periods of renewed interest to the present day.
		Kroncong orchestras are string-based, using ukuleles, mandolins, slide guitar, guitars, cellos, violins, with the occasional flute or clarinet.
		A "modern" music associated with Indonesian nationalism in the 1940’s and 50’s, kroncong was subsequently Javanized, reorganized so that the same melodies could be played on a gamelan orchestra, and renamed langgam.
	www.ibiblio.org /gamelan/newmanseries/jan18_program.html (1606 words)

	home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		By the end of the 19th century, kroncong was associated with lower-class, Portuguese-speaking Eurasians in Jakarta, located on Java’s northwest coast.
		The primary accompanying instrument is the ukelele (also called kroncong), with other instruments added such as the violin, guitar, and flute.
		This example is a patriotic kroncong with a single fixed verse."Kroncong Segenggam Harapan" from Music of Indonesia 2: Indonesian Popular Music (Cat.# Smithsonian Folkways CD SF 40056) (p)1991 Smithsonian Folkways Records.
	www.hobiku.net /bshowroom.html (371 words)

	Music of Indonesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dangdut - Hip hop - Kroncong - Gambang kromong - Gambus - Jaipongan - Langgam jawa - Pop Batak - Pop Minang - Pop Sunda - Qasidah modern - Rock - Tapanuli ogong - Tembang jawa
		The regional pop musics mostly use local languages and a mix of western and regional style music and instruments.
		Perhaps its greatest current star is Didi Kempot.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Music_of_Indonesia (1202 words)

	Jukebox - Casanova Lounge - San Francisco
		Kroncong harks back to the 19th century when singers would improvise boastful lyrics over melodies adapted from "Black Portuguese" songs.
		Ukulele was a key instrument in the sound from the start, later joined by other local lutes and by guitar.
		Langaam jawa, a beautiful offshoot of kroncong, has something of the serene, tuneful quality of Javanese gamelan music.
	www.casanovasf.com /jukebox3.php?offset=80 (1382 words)

	News Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Most popular among the new breed of young consumer are Rock Alternatif - a sort of grunge, Indonesian Rap - which of course is performed mainly by young men easily able to assume the same singing style and street-cool postures that originate from their African-American counterparts.
		Kroncong music is one of the typical Indonesian music from Java.
		There are differing interpretations of Kroncong throughout Java with musicians in Central Java and Jakarta, adding and modifying the music to suit local tastes and preferences.
	www.javajazzfestival.com /news_detail.php?nid=12 (1382 words)

	Artists and Music at Indonesian Fair 2003 - a combination of trade fair and pasar malam to be held in the Jaarbeurs ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Endang Wijayati is actually a typical "Kroncong Singer", although she is able to sing all kinds of songs from the 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s and other modern songs.
		Although she is a Kroncong "specialist", mainly she is earning her living with singing of all kinds of songs in reputable Star-Hotels and Café/Restaurants in Jakarta (Indonesia) and also at Golf Clubs in Jakarta and surrounding, all based on short and long terms contracts.
		Still related to the kroncong music, she was invited several times since 1989 to perform at the Indonesian pasar malam besar "tong-tong" in DEN HAAG (the Netherlands).
	www.indonesian-fair.com /amuse-english.html (906 words)

	Read about Kroncong at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Kroncong and learn about Kroncong here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Look for Kroncong in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Kroncong in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Kroncong (125 words)

	CYBER WEB - INFOTAINMENT TODAY
		Nowadays, Kroncong still has its valuable place in the world of music entertainment performed in front of the audience, in the television and radio.
		It is a probability, that our people saw the European played their music with western music instruments hundreds years ago in the old days, the Kroncong had its root in Jakarta with its Kroncong Tugu (Tugu is a village in the coast of Jakarta) and Central Java.
		Kroncong music has push highly some stars of Kroncong such as : Senior singers of Solo and Yogya, Mrs.
	infotainment.50megs.com /art_culture/culture/keroncong.htm (501 words)

	Tabloid Mingguan Plasacom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Selain menyanyi, Astutie yang memang penyanyi kroncong ini sekaligus bertindak sebagai MC dalam pameran yang dibuka oleh GRAy Koes Murtiyah yang dikenal sebagai Putri Solo mbalelo itu.
		Lagu lain pun sebenarnya ia tak menolak, karena sebagai penyanyi menurutnya harus bisa melantunkan jenis lagu lain bila diminta, meski ia lebih suka kroncong.
		Regenerasi penyanyi kroncong sangat langka dan lambat berganti, diakui pula oleh Astutie yang bekerja sebagai sekretaris di PT Badak, Natural Gas Liquefaction, di Jl MH Thamrin Jakarta.
	202.134.0.172 /tokoh/dismas/figur.html (413 words)

	READ ABOUT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Arguably kroncong is the world’s oldest popular music that is made up of a variety of styles from around the world, with elements of Asian and European music and traces of possibly Arab and African influences too.
		Her radical version was based on 32 bar American pop songs of the day, accompanied by kroncong instrumentation, yet played in the traditional pentatonic (five note) pelog scale, normally associated with Javanese gamelan music.
		This style was adapted to the popular music pentatonic slendro scale, on her biggest hit from 1969, ‘Walang Kekek’, a version of which is included on this album.
	www.farsidemusic.com /Waldjinah.html (489 words)

	Indonesia: A Musical Archipelago
		The roots of kroncong date back to the 16th century when sailors brought Portuguese instruments and melodies to Indonesia.
		As happens in most cases this music, originally the domain of unsavory elements, was eventually assimilated by the respectable segments of society, and it is considered rather stodgy and old-fashioned by today's youths.
		The ensemble typically consists of plucked string instruments (kroncong is the name of a ukelele-like instrument), a flute, and a female singer.
	stuff.mit.edu /people/jync/writing/indonesia.html (1090 words)

	Pacific - Various Artists : Camsco Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Kroncong and Dangdut both began as music of the urban poor.
		Dangdut emerged in the late 1970s and is associated with Muslim youth blending elements of rock with Indian and Middle Eastern popular music.
		Kroncong, an older form, grew to become a popular music of the Indonesian elite and Langgam Jawa is a regional form of Kroncong, sung in Javanese and strongly associated with the city of Surakarta.
	www.camsco.com /artists/pacific.html (749 words)

	Folkways
		Kroncong and dangdut are two quite different Indonesian popular music genres that emerged in the capital city, Jakarta.
		Both styles of music are now "national" musics, sung in the lingua franca, Indonesian, and aimed at all Indonesians regardless of ethnic or regional affiliations.
		Ethnomusicologist Philip Yampolsky's compilation of live and studio recordings of some of the stars of each tradition is an excellent introduction to these popular music styles.
	www.folkways.si.edu /search/AlbumDetails.aspx?ID=2298 (364 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: List_of_genres_of_music:_G-M (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Gambang kromong - popular, highly-evolved form of kroncong, originally adapted for the theater
		Kroncong - popular Indonesian music with strong Portuguese influence
		Langgam jawa - type of kroncong mixed with gamelan, popular around Solo, Indonesia
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=List_of_genres_of_music:_G-M (1059 words)

	Recording review: Indonesian Guitars
		It is a lilting, easy-going sound with ensembles of guitars and ukulele-like instruments (also called kroncong) accompany singers.
		Again, the themes are the standard stuff of folk and pop the world over; love and love lost, sadness of being away from home and wishing one was away from home.
		Perhaps one of the most endearing tunes here is another kroncong piece, this time with a full ensemble of plucked strings, flute and an electric Hawaiian guitar.
	www.hollowear.com /reviews/indoguitars.html (662 words)

	[No title]
		kroncong, dangdut, and pop Indonesia (pop) all popular musics and national musics precisely because they do not have regional identifications or because they have transcended them: all are sung in Indonesian and emanate principally from Jakarta.
		even today, kroncong remains the preferred popular music of the Indonesian elite, in particular of government and military officers, whose bureaus often sponsor their own kroncong groups that perform at official functions and at weddings of family members, etc.
		kroncong has gone from being a music of underclass, marginalized urbanites of mixed ethnic heritage, which (like the blues) presented mainly tales of seduction, insult, and "lovesick yearning" to being something entirely different.
	muh5576-01.fa03.fsu.edu /indopop.html (3063 words)

	April 1 Readings
		Kroncong has a deep root in Yogyakarta and Central
		Kroncong and gamelan music instruments innovated by a
		of kroncong with strong links to other local styles.
	www.dpo.uab.edu /~svan/april1readings.html (3387 words)

	Folkways Smithsonian Recordings
		Kroncong, an older form, become a popular music of the Indonesian elite.
		Langgam Jawa is a regional form of Kroncong, sung in Javanese and strongly associated with the city of Surakarta.
		This volume, featuring studio recordings of some of the stars from each tradition, is an excellent introduction to the popular music styles developed in Indonesia this century.
	www.folkways.si.edu /projects_initiatives/indonesian/series.html (2160 words)

	FAR SIDE MUSIC LTD. Kroncong
		Gambang Kromong is a funky Jakarta style combining Indonesian music with Chinese and American soul and jazz. These are the two greatest performers of Gambang Kromong, Benyamin S. being dubbed the Indonesian James Brown, for his deep funky sense. Great stuff.
		Wonderful album that mixes kroncong with gamelan to varying degrees, with Waldjinah's superb vocals always to the fore. The title track is part of the Ramayana story, heavily percussive and with chanting vocals it perfectly blends modern and traditional styles.
		Compilation of some of Kroncong's classic tunes sung by it's greatest practicioner. Gentle and lilting melodies and an excellent place to start investigating kroncong.
	www.farsidemusic.com /acatalog/KRONCONG.html (151 words)

	EMUS 2772 CD 1:
		This episode here begins with the abduction of Sita in the Dandaka forest, and then relates how Rama and Laksamana are aided in defeating Rahwana, her abductor, by the monkey army led by Sugriwa and Hanoman.
		Kroncong music – Langgam Di Bawah Sinar Bulan Purnama (By the light of the full moon)
		This kroncong band features Hawaiian guitar, melody guitar, European flute, ukulele, banjo, cello and bass.
	www.colorado.edu /music/Courses/emus2772/CD1Notes.html (2928 words)

	A viagem dos sons / The Journey of Sounds / RootsWorld Recording Review
		With its fado-like melody and definitely Western violin, the "Kroncong Moritsko" is definitely a remnant of Portuguese settlement, albeit with some gamelan influenced ostinato figures.
		Interesting in these Kroncong tracks are the double influence of Arabic music: once from the Islamic missionaries of the 15th Century and then through the inherent Moorish influence in Portuguese music.
		The tracks on this disc conformed most to this reviewer's expectations of 'a viagem dos sons,' with their clear hybridization of musical ideas, mixing haunting melodies, jangling chordophones of Portuguese origin and the rhythms of indigenous cultures.
	www.rootsworld.com /reviews/viagem.shtml (3704 words)

	Jakarta Now -Culture
		This style of playing the gamelan can also be observed in the gamelan orchestra accompanying the Wayang Kulit Betawi show.
		The Portuguese speaking community has also left its inheritance, the Kroncong Tugu with its popular songs Nina Bobo, Kaparinyo and Kroncong moritsko is said to be the origin of the popular Kroncong orchestra of to-day.
		The javanese presence since the 17th century has left its mark too on the Betawi music, dance and theatre, Wayang Kulit Betawi and Lenong are examples of this influence.
	www.beritajakarta.com /english/AboutJakarta/jn_culture.asp (439 words)

	Javanese Music: Kroncong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A collection of classic '30s and '40s Kroncong songs by today's Indonesian best kroncong singers.
		The kroncong, loosely related to the Portuguese fado, is a happy mix of western and oriental influences, and expresses the feeling of 'saudade', love lost, of the Indo culture, lost between Indonesian and Dutch society.
		Lacking knowledge of the Indonesian language is no barrier for the appreciation of these songs: 'asmara' is passion, 'mawar' rose, 'wanita' woman, 'rindu' shadow and the rest follows easily from that.
	www.xs4all.nl /~gjvo/gamelan/KroncongCD.html (166 words)

	MsoDockBottom
		-ensemble: singer(s), ukulele (i.e., kroncong), banjo (or mandolin), guitar, cello, double bass, violin,
		-decline of kroncong in 1960s; continued popularity among establishment elite (government,
		kroncong example; both are played by Javanese street musicians.
	mul5936-01.fa01.fsu.edu /indopop.html (488 words)

	indonesian music
		Kroncong, a seductive music for fiddle, ukulele and guitar, probably originated under Portuguese influence back in the 17th century.
		Langgan Jawa is a form of kroncong with strong links to other local styles.
		Also included is some village ronggeng and a guitar-backed style that crosses local, Latin and Indian influences.
	www.indonesianmusic.com /ind.htm (1678 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		2); Foulcher 1998; Pane 1940 13 September Understanding and Playing (?) Kroncong Becker 1975; Heins 1975; Kornhauser 1978; Yampolsky 1991 (liner notes, Music of Indonesia 2) 20 September Theorizing Modernity: Music and the Black Atlantic Gilroy 1993 (chps.
		CB235.G55 1993 Heins, Ernst 1975 Kroncong and Tanjidor - Two Cases of Urban Folk Music.
		NX180.H93 P47 1999 Kornhauser, Bronia 1978 In Defense of Kroncong.
	www.unc.edu /gform-links/music/bios/weiss10.doc (1121 words)

	Open Directory - Shopping:Entertainment:Recordings:Audio:Music:Specialty:Regional and Ethnic:Indonesian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jaipongan - modernized rural dance and festival music developed in the 1970's after foreign music was banned
		Kroncong - usually a stringed instrument, a flute, and a crooning female singer
		Langgam jawa - a variant of kroncong using Javanese gamelan scales
	dmoz.org /Shopping/Entertainment/Recordings/Audio/Music/Specialty/Regional_and_Ethnic/Indonesian/desc.html (104 words)

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